JPS59200779A - Chlorine electrolytic cell for electrolyte stream circulation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION U.S. Pat. No. 4.197.179 and U.S. Pat. No. 4.269
．． 6757 for operating a plurality of chlorine-narkali membrane electrolysers by flowing the catholyte continuously from electrolyzer to electrolyzer while the anolyte flows continuously in countercurrent from electrolyzer to electrolyzer. A method and apparatus are described.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,05, '474 describes a series of cation permselective membrane electrolytes that operate with a sequential flow of catholyte from cell to cell. The cell is described as having a flat monopolar electrode.

Other patents describing electrolyte series flows include US Pat. No. 1,284,618, US Pat.

The present invention relates to electrolytic cells, particularly bipolar electrically conductive electrolytic cells, for providing flow of an electrolyte series in a series of membrane electrolytic cells.

The present invention also provides that the flow of electrolyte from the electrolytic cell to the lf cell is 1
In such a membrane cell, the membrane is taken from a height above or near the top of the electrode in one cell and introduced at a height below the top of the electrode in the next cell in the series. This gives a series of electrolytes.

The present invention further provides that a 1L solution is taken from a degassing chamber with an IPet disposed at the top of the circulation tank 9, and this electrolyte is then refrigerated.
A flow of the electrolyte series is provided in such an electrolytic cell by introducing the electrolyte at a level below the top of the electrode, preferably below the top of the electrode.

Another feature of the invention is to provide a specially designed degassing chamber for fresh oil to be installed at the top of a series of electrolyzers, which degasses the electrolyte from an electrolyzer. and the gas in this degassing chamber is preferably removed cumulatively.

In a series of chlor-alkali membrane electrolyzers, the electrolyte from one chlor-alkali cell is taken from a point near or above the top of the vertical electrode in this cell and the corresponding electrolyte in the next successive cell is removed. The electrolyte is introduced into the electrolyte, preferably at a position below the top of the electrode, and is equipped with a device for passing the electrolyte from cell to cell, and the most important part of this series is the T-cell. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electrolytic cell having a flow member for removing an electrolyte for subsequent purposes, namely:
Each electrolytic cell consists of at least one pair of electrolytes separated by a cation-permselective, substantially water-impermeable membrane, and the catholyte flows continuously from the electrolytic cell to the electrolytic cell W1. a series of chlor-alkali electrolytes having an inlet for allowing anolyte to flow into each of these electrolytic cells and an outlet for allowing anolyte to flow from each of these electrolytic cells; an inlet for adding water or dilute caustic to the catholyte portion of the first tank of the cell; a flow device for conducting the gas-rising catholyte from said first tank to a degassing chamber above said cathode; , while re-flowing at least a portion of the degassed catholyte into the drain cell, at least a portion of the degassed catholyte is then added to the catholyte in the chamber. 1.''11.
The gas-rising catholyte from the catholyte is guided into a degassing chamber above the cathode, and the degassing of each tank is conducted while at least a portion of the degassed catholyte is ladle into the preceding tank 1b. a flow arrangement for conducting at least a portion of the gaseous catholyte to the next successive electrolytic cell, a flow device for conducting the degassed catholyte from the last electrolytic cell of the series of 1 L decomposing cells, and from the degassing chamber. A series of electrolyzers characterized in that they are equipped with a flow device for removing the electrolyzer gas. It's in F, @.

The invention also relates to an apparatus for continuously flowing anolyte from electrolytic cell to electrolytic cell, including an inlet for adding an alkali metal chloride solution to the anolyte portion of the first cell of a series of electrolytic cells; Gas from the first tank - 1" to a flow device to direct the upper row anolyte to the gas chamber above the anode, and at least a portion of the degassed anolyte to be recycled to the previous electrolyzer. a flow fitting for directing at least a portion of the degassed anolyte to a point below the surface of the anolyte in a subsequent electrolytic cell while flowing;
The gas-rising anolyte from each successive electrolyzer and each additional continuous phase of the subsequent series is conducted into a degassing chamber above the anode, and at least a portion of the degassed catholyte is removed therefrom. a flow device for conducting at least a portion of the degassed anolyte of each electrolyzer to the next successive electrolyzer, with reflow to the previous electrolyzer; a degassed anode from the last electrolyser in the series; An electrolytic cell comprising a flow device for guiding a liquid and a flow device for removing electrolyzer gas from a degassing chamber.

The accompanying drawings show two examples of the lightning of the present invention in a four-tank series.

The first one is a cutaway view of the negative + σ plate, the porous JEJ negative shed covered with a membrane, the metal anode, and the anode plate.

FIG. 2 is an isometric diagram of a specific example of the useful electric current %"j41'4H frame for the bipolar membrane electrolytic cell used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which three electrical steel cells are arranged in a filter press type arrangement with bipolar electrical conduction in the electrolytic cell.

Figure 4 shows three electrolyte tanks connected to a flow device to achieve flow of electrolyte from the tank to the tank. It shows six electrolytic cells arranged somewhat similar to the figure, but with a reservoir chamber above the electrolytic cells for separating the t-angle ' citron gas from the electrolyte.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of five electrolytic cells arranged in a filter press mold with cloth M cell covers shown in cutaway form.

FIG. 7 is a partial view of the electrolytic cell to clearly show the relative positions of the electrolytic cell cover chambers as shown in FIG. 6.

A series of electrolyzers useful in the present invention (1 is of the pocket or flat plate type, with vertically arranged Schiff anodes and cathodes, separated by electrode forces, monopolar or bipolar chlorine) - Defined as an alkaline membrane electrolyzer. The membrane is cation permselective and substantially water impermeable. These electrical steel vessels, when equipped as a series of electrolyzers, are also approved by the United States. 2.282.058, in that the flow of current occurs through a conductor connected to the positive electrode of one cell and the cathode of the next adjacent electrolytic cell. be.

In a preferred embodiment, there is a space between the anode plate and the electrically co-bonded cathode plate in which the bipolar coupling is disposed, and the space is defined in accordance with US Q1 Patent No. 2,2A.
2. Os a-q and frame (1, 1) serve as part of the catholyte chamber. The space inside each of the pocket-1 frame communicates with the catholyte chamber (through an opening in the cathode plate). , and is therefore part of the catholyte chamber.The flow of electrochemical current proceeds from the cathode by bipolar electrical coupling to the anode of the next adjacent electrolytic cell, and the flow of electrochemical current proceeds from the cathode to the anode of the next adjacent electrolytic cell by means of a series of frosts, the last cathode or cathode plate in the cell decomposition. 1↓j: The circuit is replaced by the current until it is completed.

A series of electrolytic cells may contain any number of electrolytic cells when using the 24-way method of conducting current from a cell to an electrolytic cell.
It can be composed of 3. The practical limit of the number of tanks in a series of main pieces is determined by electrical considerations, the friction coefficient (pressure drop) of the electrolyte, and the practical capacity limit of the flow device required for handling the liquid. The practical range is usually 2 to 10 electrolytic frames per series, preferably 3 to 7. Most preferably, 5 πj, force'I cells per series are used. 1 series of steps (time and L2
Cascade flow (also referred to as cascade flow) includes the flow of both anolyte and catholyte, especially when such simultaneous flows are carried out in countercurrent flow.

Figure 1 shows the cathode plate (11), the pocket sand remover (5), and the anode (11).
) and a cutaway view of the anode plate (14). Cathode plate (1)
is shown as a metal plate (2) of sufficient thickness or structure to remain rigid during operation. This board has bolt holes (3)
and opening (4) are provided. The pocket cathode (5) is shown as a porous metal (8) facing or folded to form substantially parallel outer surfaces, the top and bottom ends of which are similarly porous metal portions (7). ), and the remaining faces (or sides) are stabilized or pol) (1
0), through which an opening (9) extends to allow liquid to enter and leave the interior space of the cathode (5). When assembling Shade 46 opening (9)C, Pole 1-(10) is inserted into the bolt hole (3
) when placed in the cathode 4. The porous thin metal screen can be used as an edge-pull wire screen.
+IJ! JJ+y, but the perforated Av/ξ may be an expanded slit orifice. All of these are well known in the art. The membrane (6) completely covers the cathode (5) except for the rigid member (7a), and depends on how tightly the membrane is installed and sometimes during handling, storage or operation. Depending on whether the membrane expands or contracts, there is usually little or no space between the membrane (6) and the porous coin FA (8). Complete (tight W1) shielding of the outer surface of Gold M (8) is generally not recommended.

The shape of the cathode (referred to as pocket type or pocket shape) is such that the space inside the cathode communicates only with the catholyte, and the communication between liquid water and the anolyte is provided by a tube attached to the cathode plate (1). It is actually blocked by a substantially water-impermeable membrane covering the cathode on all sides except the sides.

The number of pol B'io) and the number of apertures (9) in the cathode structure are not critical. However, the hole (3) in the cathode plate (1)
Of course, the number should match the number of openings (4).

Also shown in FIG. 1 is the anode (11);
1) preferably consists of a perforated metal plate (12) bent or folded to form substantially parallel surfaces, usually with one open top end and one bottom end. The edge opposite the bent edge may be sealed with a metal strip. This strip is fitted with a stud or bolt (9), which has a thread at its end.
(14) Bolt hole (16) of metal plate (15)
Align with. Alternatively, the anode may be a solid or porous sheet or slab instead of being folded as shown.

The cathode (5) and the positive electrode (11) do not necessarily need to be made from a single metal sheet, bent or folded, to create a parallel force surface. This is because two parallel surfaces can also be created by welding or tightening two metal sheets to the ends to form a desired shape. Of course,
Generally, it-bending or folding methods are preferred.

Figure 2 shows a 1iFA phase frame (2) with a top surface (21), a first vertical surface (2), a second vertical surface (22) and a curve (23). A part of the face is cut out to form ridges (2) that protrude from the inner surfaces of all four faces.
2a, 22b) are shown so that the cross sections are visible. The purpose of the raised portions (22a, 22b) is the third purpose described below.
From the diagram it will become clear to history. In the top surface (21) there are two openings (27) for the flow of degassed anolyte to the water plane (29). One of these two openings (27)
i11 includes at least one opening (28) for allowing the anolyte (gas entrainment) to flow upwards from the anolyte space in the cell frame (2, e.g. by gas rise and/or material flow). ).Lightning.

When the tank is assembled and in the drying state, the opening (28
), the gas-entrained anolyte rises to the next neighbor v1: electric W
It is transferred to the sulfur gas where it is degassed and then flows downwardly back to the downcomer opening (27) where the flow of anolyte is directed downwardly through the exterior of the next downcomer chamber by the action of the downcomer tube (29). circulate. Vf! The water arm (29) is cut away in Figure 2 and only one such transfer pipe is shown, but there is a downcomer pipe for each downcomer opening (27) in each of the bowed and keeled pipes. It will be readily understood that when assembled in situ, the downcomer pipe (29) is arranged in direct communication with the opening (27), for example by means of an attachment or an insert (29a), and The ridge is the ridge (22a) and (
22b) and the electrolytic cell frame (22b).
20) The positive @ inside reaches the point from the top of the liquid space to the bottom. A sacral configuration for the downcomer can also be used, and in fact it is also possible to install the downcomer directly in the tank frame.

The openings (25) and (2) serve as flow paths for the catholyte, so that the catholyte is forced to descend through one opening (25) in the tank frame, for example in a given frost, and power from the frost 5 decomposition tank by raising the opposite opening, e.g. Most of the liquid passing through the slots (25 and 26) into the gas cover (50 and 51 in Figure 6) passes into the catholyte through the slots (25 and 26). This flow is separated by a weir baffle (85 in Figure 7).The electrolyte flowing to the first tank of the series or series comes from an external source and that the last electrolyte of the series or series It should of course be understood that the flow of electrolyte from the kite tank is removed from this series for further processing, but that the flow of defrost solution within this series flows from electrolyzer to electrolyzer. The frame (20) is the fourth side opening (29b).
It can be used when used as shown in the figure.

In order to facilitate storage of the electrolytic cell cover shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the anolyte opening (27) in FIG. 25
, 26), it is preferable to arrange them closer to the center of the top part 1j (21). series is shown. Inside each electrolytic cell frame (20) are a plurality of membrane-powdered cathodes (5) (only six are shown in each electrolytic cell frame) and a plurality of membrane-powdered cathodes (5) inserted from opposite directions. (only four shown on each cell frame) anodes (11) are mounted.

The cathode (5) is assembled in place and supported by the cathode plate (1). The anode is calibrated to anode # (14).
) is supported by The elements, such as bolts, for attaching the anode and cathode to their respective plates are shown in FIG. A current is applied by attaching the bolts of the frost 1 shuttle to conductive silk fittings (preferably copper fittings) substantially as shown. By applying force to the anode, a stream flows from the feed tank to the electrolytic cell. In the embodiment shown in FIG. (32), as well as in the pocket cathode (5). The pocket electrode (5) is substantially connected to the catholyte portion through the opening (4) in the cathode plate as shown in FIG. (
32). Cathode plate (raised part (22b)
The anode plate (P') is tightly sealed to prevent the anolyte and catholyte from mixing, and the anode plate (1 is sealed in place towards the ridge (22a) and the same The seal (or gasket) (22'e) may be inert, rubber, plastic or mastic, preferably one that is substantially inert and long-lived in the environment and conditions of the electrolyzer. be.

The series electrical jjrm frames (20) are typically sealed at their connecting faces and clamped together by bolt members or clamp members (not shown) to prevent leakage from the connections. When the frames of the electrolytic cell are tightened together, the conductive joints (eg 34.35) are also tightened together. The area (36) is a chit space which houses only the conductive joints which carry the current to the first set of anodes. The terminal part (30) is the cathode matrix plate and the terminal part (31) is the anode matrix plate.

In FIG. 3, the cathode plate (optional, but preferably vertically mounted) has a baffle or flow divider (85) at a point outside the terminal cathode at each end. This flow divider (8
5) extends to the soil of the cathode plate, and is the second part? When added to a 11η゛r tank frame, this flow divider (85) divides the openings (25) and (26) into two parts.
FIG. 4 shows another specific example in which the anolyte and catholyte flow countercurrently from the electric cell to the square q cell. In Figure 4, the anolyte or salt water follows the guide (40) to the top (or near the top) of the anode part of the electrolytic cell frame (20A).
It was supplied to the monk (41) and sent to the frost 2 tank (20).
Electricity flows from A) to the feed tank (20B), and then to the distribution equipment e(
42) from Settlement @ (20B) to Sekikan Tank (2
DC), then from the electrolytic cell (2DC) to the flow equipment fM
(43) Flow inside. The catholyte flows in countercurrent to the anolyte, that is, the catholyte or water flows through the flow device (44) at or near the top of the negative pressing section of the tank (20C). Then, it flows through the flow device (45) from the 'a tank (20C) to the electrolytic tank (20B), and then flows from the electrolytic tank (B) to the electrolytic tank (A) through the flow device (46). , then from the electrolytic cell (A) to the distribution device (47
) flowing inside. It will of course be understood that in the tank frame the anolyte is separated from the catholyte by a membrane which is, of course, impermeable to water.

The lightning tank shown in FIG. 4 may be of the unipolar type or may be of the bipolar type. The electrolytic cells of Figure 4 need not be spaced apart as shown, but may be pressed closely together as shown in Figure 3, especially if a bipolar series of electrical circuits is desired. good. The anolyte gas from the anolyte section is collected in the header (48), and the electrolyzer gas from the catholyte is collected in the header (49). However, it is mainly regulated by the location of the distribution device that carries these liquids from each electrolytic cell to the electrolytic cell.The separation (defoaming) of the electrolytic cell gas in each electrolytic cell is controlled by each electrolytic cell. This is done by a head space above the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell.

FIG. 5 shows another specific example of a seed furnace flow arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. The amount of waste is J
This differs from that shown in FIG. 4 in that the process is carried out in separate chambers placed on top of the electrolytic cell of I et al. '11 Skin E fluid is Ii
! :The 4f liquid part and the catholyte part are injected into the respective chambers through conduits.

Figure 6 is a cut-away view of a series of five electrolyzer frames arranged in a two-pole, "filter press" fashion, showing cooperation with the new electrolyzer cover. 2 is of the type shown in Figure '2, and the two-frame filter press arrangement is substantially of the type shown in Figure 3. When assembled, the catholyte cell cover (5 and (51) are each conveniently located at the top of the side of one end of the electrolyzer series (here shown as five electrolyzers) and at the top of the side of the corresponding opposite end of the electrolyzer series. The lower surface of the cover is substantially open and has the general shape of an inverted closed end trough.The cover (5
0] is shown a series of "tall" spaced vertical baffles separated by spaces, each baffle including a "short" layered baffle.

The length direction of the cover (50) (and around the center!ll)
Running along the line is a ``short'' baffle, which, if only part of the catholyte flow indicator, also serves advantageously as a reinforcing element for the ``tall'' and ``short'' baffles described above. There is. The cover (51) is the cover (50
), but the baffle arrangement is different.

The cover (51) has a series of "short" baffles separated by spaces, each having a "tall" baffle.Thus, if the cover (51) has one "tall" baffle, then in the cover (50) The directly transverse counterpart baffle is the ``shimjl/'1# baffle. 1%
The bar has the general shape of a trough with a liquid cover 52, but here shown as wider than the shade (5o) or (51). Designed to serve the electrolyzers (2o) of I1- and 1.'N)', the electrolyzer series, when assembled, covers (50), (51) and (52).
) The electrolyte is sealed with a Vj gasket, Cellupty gasket, or other suitable sealing member to prevent the electrolyte from leaking from the bottom of the cover to the outside of the electrolytic cell. ? '
The ends of the 5J'j tank series are shown in Figure 3.'': Sea urchin parent object (
The anode body plate (30) capped by (60) and (31) serves as the wall part of the terminal catholyte part, and the host plate (31) of the anode serves as the wall part of the opposite end. Electrical current is supplied to the cell series of FIG. 6 substantially as shown in FIG.

When assembled, filled with the appropriate electrolyte, and put into operation, the electrolyzer series of Figure 6 is connected to the inlet lf+U.
It is passed through the Mo device (53) to the first buckle section of the cover (50) and from there via the inlet (26) to the first buckle section.
V, enters the polar liquid part.

Since it is difficult to flow over the high baffles, the catholyte flow from the first catholyte section is forced through the inlet (25) into the cover (51), where the catholyte forms a "short" layer. From the second catholyte section, the liquid flows upward through the cover (50) and into the second baffle section, and then back down to the second catholyte section. across a "short" layered baffle to the third catholyte section;
Below, we will cover ascent, lateral movement, and descent (5
0 and (51) until the liquid stream reaches the end of its trajectory and exits the cover (51) through the flow device (54). The catholyte flow device (5) is equipped with adjustable feet to adjust the catholyte level above or below the anolyte level in the cover (52) as required by operating conditions. The level of anolyte in the cover (52) can also be raised or lowered by using adjustable feet on the outlet crude device (65).

At the same time, when it comes to the flow of catholyte, the "last" outlet is the tank, but when it comes to the flow of catholyte, it is the first one to come out of the tank. By directing the ring water or positive MJ! liquid through the inlet flow system [1 (58, 59) which communicates with the anolyte part (27A, 27B) in the 1bJra tank, which is !J, The anolyte in the first anolyte is forced to rise into the cover (52) through the anolyte opening (28) and through the corresponding opening (27A). , 27 B)
The second anolyte portion is humiliated by baffling against the second anolyte portion. In each of the anolyte sections there is preferably a downcomer, as shown in Figure 2, which directs the anolyte flow to the electrolyzer at a point below the surface of the anolyte, preferably near the bottom of the anolyte section. Combine with the anolyte inside. The anode 4τ liquid curl <- (52) contains a corner baffle (62) forming each reservoir chamber of the distribution device (sa, 59), these two corner baffles are connected to a set of anode swamps, openings ( 28) Provide a space that communicates with Although it is not essential that there be more than one hole in each anolyte section, the mixing and circulation of the anolyte within each anolyte section is better achieved with more downcomer holes than one. This is achieved by the presence of , in particular by arranging them opposite each other. The anolyte flowing from the riser hole (28) is directed through the opening (60) between the baffles to the downcomer hole in the next adjacent cell by baffling the device (63). This mode of anolyte flow is achieved through the final set of riser holes (28).
The anolyte flows through a trench through which the anolyte flows out from the flow device (65). The exact construction of the baffle (63) is such that the baffle directs the flow of anolyte from the riser hole in one electrolyzer to the downcomer hole in the next electrolyzer 41f"1.
1J (excluding of course the 1J, which is removed from the riser tube hole after the flow of anolyte), is not critical. Inside the side wall of the baffle (63) i cover (52)
rt'i, but above the baffle in the anode cover there is a common head space for the π/M phase gases, F(K, Il, y Only one such J-1+ outlet (57) is not shown, but one such outlet (57) can be provided in the anolyte cover of the figurine. Many (I
It is also within the scope of the present invention to include ii+. Outlet (55
) and (5) are also provided in the cathode cover to remove the catholyte electrolyte tank gas and send it to the collector.
The "discharged" anolyte from the flow device (65) in ) is refortified with an alkali metal halide (e.g. NaCl) and recycled to the electrolyzer series along with any desired electrolyte. You can also do it. In the panfurs (63) and (64) in the anolyte cover (52) there is a small opening (61) at the bottom near the end of the downcomer line, allowing access to the downcomer area and riser of any one electrolyzer. Allows some mixing of the anolyte within the tube section. These small holes (6) recirculate excess anolyte that has risen into the cover (52) by the gas top row and keep the anolyte level in the electrolyzer (20) from rising gas. Redeem the tendency to “pump down”.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of a portion of the electrolytic cell series with a broken section to illustrate the approximate location of the catholyte cover and anolyte cover of FIG. 6. Two chains in close contact along line (7), feed tank frame (20A, 20B)
There is a part that honors the main character. - Catholyte cover (51) on side
A portion of the frame is shown broken away to reveal the internal baffle and the catholyte opening (25a) at the top of the frame (20A).

The baffles in the section illustrated in the cover (51) can be either a "short" layered baffle (71) or a "high" baffle (73), depending on the section of the tank series to be shown.
7 can also be represented, or it can represent a "tall" baffle (71) with a "short" layered baffle (73). An electrolytic!!R gasket fitting (72) is shown. Baffles (74) serve to separate the bubbles flowing upward through the cover from the frost and the flow of degassed liquid descending back into the feed tank and are generally approximately the same height as the "short" laminar baffles. A long baffle (74) is placed above the catholyte compartment baffle (85) shown in FIGS. The anolyte openings (28), (27A
) and (27B), the anolyte cover (52) is shown, a portion of which has been torn off to reveal the 1% anolyte opening and the baffle (6). This baffle (63) is quite cool, but the frame (20
A, 20B).

There are relatively small flow holes (61) in or near the bottom of the baffle (66), these holes in the form of gas lift bubbles in the cover (52) to drain excess anolyte that has been Electric jIJ? It is allowed to flow back down to the R tank, thereby altering some of the internal circulation within each anode destaticizing M oak chamber. The anolyte from the riser hole (28) in the frame (20B) is routed by a baffle to the downcomer hole (27A,
27B). To illustrate possible additional embodiments of the invention, the '2h tube or knob (
80) is shown in the figure, which includes the cover (51) and (5
2), or it can also be placed above such a position or in the X-hole.
The pipe or conduit (80) serves to carry the electrolyte into the electrolyzer series, or to remove the electrolyte from the electrolyzer series. There is obviously a lot of piping in the electrolyzer that could be used to remove the cell gas from the tube and from the 11-angle line. There is a cover of sufficient height to provide head space for controlling possible liquid/gas bubble collapse (i.e., ``defoaming'' or ``tax gas''), and this head space is The "inverted trough" type tank cover can obviously have a rounded top or other such structure, as long as it extends at least slightly above the baffle in the part of the tank that is to remove gas. Preferably and advantageously, the head space extends the entire length of each cover, so that only one gas outlet is required for the entire cover.

In Figure 7, the catholyte cover is not shown on the side opposite to the side where the catholyte cover (51) is shown, but the shaded areas (81) and (8>) indicate that the corresponding catholyte cover is there. It is shown as being in In this catholyte coverage area, the fracture surface shows the anode and cathode mounted on the plate, with the respective mountings facing away from the ridges (22a, 22b), and from the anode of the frame (20B) to the frame. (2OA) shows a bipolar 1-atm connection to the cathode. The space where this electrical connection is shown is the catholyte opening (
26A) is the catholyte part of the frame (20B). All of these are as described above. Frame (20B
The catholyte portion (62) of ) also communicates with the catholyte in the cathode of the electrolyzer (20A) through an opening in the cathode plate to which the cathode is attached. Baffle (85) is a bubble (catholyte and gas)
serves to separate the upward flow of excess catholyte from the downward flow of excess catholyte.

The anolyte upward flow opening (28) of FIG. Preferably, the opening (27) is sized to provide a flow of degassed anolyte with a cross-section greater than about 0.002 square inches per ampere of ampere. Also, referring to FIG. 2, the articulating fluid openings (25, 26) are connected to the anolyte flow (!I
It is ingenious to provide a catholyte flow capacity substantially equal to that used for q.

The method and subject matter of the present invention provides an alternative embodiment of a chlor-alkali membrane electrostatic cell in monopolar or bipolar circuits and in flat or pocket electrode designs from electrolytic cell to electrolytic cell or series. series - 't'o', which is applicable to give the solution flow.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The accompanying drawings show specific examples of the electrolytic series of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cutaway view of a cathode plate, a porous cathode enclosed by a membrane, a metal anode, and an anode plate. FIG. 2 is an illustration of a specific example of an electrolytic cell frame useful in a bipolar membrane electrolytic cell for use in the present invention. Figure 3 shows three electrodes in a filter press type arrangement with a bipolar cell in the electrolytic cell! It is a top cross-sectional view of a specific example in which f4 oak is arranged. FIG. 4 shows three electrolytic cells connected to a flow device to effect flow of electrolyte from the electrolytic cells to the electrolytic cells. FIG. 5 shows three electrolytic cells arranged somewhat similar to FIG. 4, but with a chamber above the cells for separating the cell gas from the electrolyte. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of five electrolytic cells arranged in a filter press mold with electrolytic @ covers shown broken away. FIG. 7 is a partial view of the electrolytic cell to clearly show the relative position of the electrolytic cell cover chamber as shown in FIG. In the diagram; 1...pz Ir7i 2; 2...bolt hole; 4.
・・Cathode plate size; 5. Pocket cathode; 6. Touch; 9. Opening: 10. Bolt; 11...
Ii'+64i) (; 13... volt; 14...
・isu・j′)lri; 20,2OA, 20B, 20
C... Electrolytic cell frame; 21... Top surface; 22, 24...
・Face: 22a, 22b...Protuberance; 22c...
・Seal; 26...Bottom surface; 25, 26...Catholyte opening; 27, 28...Anolyte opening; 29...Downloader; 29a...Insertion piece; 30...Cathode base plate ;6
1... G, polar matrix plate; 62... catholyte part; 65
... l'+'; J body fluid part: 36... Dead space: 41, 42.45.44.45.46.47...
・Distribution device; 48.49...Header; 50, 51・
...Catholyte cover; 52...1 nephew, fluid bar; 53
...Catholyte population; 55.56.57...Publication exit; 5
B, 59... Anolyte population; 61... Small hole; 62.
-cof /<ffle; 63, 64...baffle;
65...Anolyte outlet; 71...Short baffle;
72... Joint joint; 73... Embryo huffle; 74 Long baffle; 85... Weir baffle. Patent issuer: The Dow Chemical Company representative, A
Benyo±, 11 shares 2 Ryoji,・Pa″′［−）・−゛,
Pu′ 〃 〃 Takehiko Saito,・・′− し、′・ゝ-1-lGo1.゛

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Each electrolytic cell comprises at least one pair of electrodes separated by a cation-permselective, substantially water-impermeable membrane, and the catholyte is continuous from one electrolytic cell to the other. a series of chlor-alkali electrolyzers having an inlet for allowing anolyte to flow into each of the cells and an outlet for allowing anolyte to flow from each of the cells; an inlet for adding water or dilute caustic to the catholyte portion of the first tank of the cell; an inlet for the addition of water or dilute caustic to the catholyte portion of the first tank; / A chain flow device, while re-flowing at least one portion of the degassed catholyte into the electrolytic cell, transfers at least one portion of the degassed catholyte to the cathode in the subsequent electrolytic cell. A flow device for directing the gas-rising catholyte from the above and subsequent electrolytic cells and each additional successive cell of the subsequent series to a point below the surface of the liquid above the cathode for degassing. a flow path for directing at least a portion of the degassed catholyte of each electrolytic cell to the next successive electrolytic cell; A series characterized in that it comprises an apparatus, a flow device for conducting degassed catholyte from the last electrolyzer of the series of electrolyzers, and a flow device for removing electrolyser gas from the degassing chamber. electrolytic cell. 2. As a device for continuously flowing the anolyte from one electrolytic cell to another, there is a second inlet for adding the alkaline earth mineral solution to the anolyte portion of the first tank of the series of electrolytic cells. A flow device for channeling the gas-rising anolyte from the first part (1゛ζ a flow device for directing at least a small portion of the degassed anolyte to a point below the surface of the anolyte in a subsequent electrolytic cell, said subsequent electrolytic cell; directing the gas-rising anolyte from each additional successive vessel of the series to a degassing chamber above the anode, while reflowing at least a portion of the degassed anolyte to the previous T-cell; a flow device for directing at least a portion of the degassed anolyte of each electrolytic cell to the next successive electrolytic cell; a flow device for conducting the degassed anolyte from the last percent of the series of electrolytic cells: the electrolyte cell; and a flow device for removing electrolytic cell gas from a degassing chamber. 6. An apparatus for continuously flowing catholyte and anolyte through a series of electrolytic cells. Claims 1 or 2 are arranged such that the flow of the anolyte is in a countercurrent direction to the flow of the catholyte.
The electrolytic cell described in section. 4. Claim 1, wherein the first reservoir for the catholyte series flow is the last reservoir for the anolyte series flow.
The electric W+ tank according to item 1 or 2. 5. Gas-rising catholyte and anolyte, respectively, in which the conductive flow device is sized to provide a cross-sectional bubble flow greater than about 0.0258-per ampere of current capacity. 'II written in one of Ayumu! Declared. 6. A patent claim in which the flow device for reflowing degassed catholyte and anolyte, respectively, into the previous electrolytic cell is dimensioned to provide a cross-sectional degassed liquid flow greater than about 0.0129-per-ampere current capacity. The electrolytic cell according to item 1 or 2. 2. An electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the electrolytic cell has a monopolar electrode. 8. An electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the electrolytic cell has a bipolar electrode. Electrolytic cell described in. 9. The electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrolytic cell has a flat plate electrode. 10. The electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic cell has a pocket electrode. 11. The electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the number of electrolytic cells in the series is 3 to 7.