JPS59196979A - Hollow cathode - Google Patents
Hollow cathodeInfo
- Publication number
- JPS59196979A JPS59196979A JP7130383A JP7130383A JPS59196979A JP S59196979 A JPS59196979 A JP S59196979A JP 7130383 A JP7130383 A JP 7130383A JP 7130383 A JP7130383 A JP 7130383A JP S59196979 A JPS59196979 A JP S59196979A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- keeper
- cathode
- orifice
- electrode
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明はイオンエンジンに用いられるホローカソード
に関し、特にホローカソードの熱特性を改善するだめの
電極構造に関するものでおる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a hollow cathode used in an ion engine, and more particularly to an electrode structure for improving the thermal characteristics of the hollow cathode.
従来、ホローカソードとして第１図に示すものがあった
。図において、（１）は陰極・くイブ、（２）は電子放
出体、（３）は陰極円板、（４）は陰極円板中央に穿か
れた陰極オリフィス、（５）はキーノく一電極で放電の
陽極である。（６）はキーノく一電極（５）中央に穿力
・れたキーパ−オリフィス、（７）はキーノ＜−電極（
５） 全保持及び絶縁する絶縁円筒である。（８）は陰
極円板（３）及び電子放出体（２）を加熱する陰極加熱
ヒーター、（９）は該ヒーター（８）を絶縁保持する耐
熱絶縁体、ａｑは陰極熱シールド、α■は放電用気体で
ある。Conventionally, there has been a hollow cathode as shown in FIG. In the figure, (1) is the cathode/cive, (2) is the electron emitter, (3) is the cathode disk, (4) is the cathode orifice bored in the center of the cathode disk, and (5) is the keyhole. The electrode is the anode of the discharge. (6) is a keyhole electrode (5) with a keeper orifice drilled in the center, (7) is a keyhole electrode (
5) It is an insulating cylinder that completely holds and insulates. (8) is a cathode heating heater that heats the cathode disk (3) and electron emitter (2), (9) is a heat-resistant insulator that insulates the heater (8), aq is a cathode heat shield, and α■ is It is a discharge gas.
次に動作について説明する。ホローカソードの起動にあ
たってはまず陰極バイブ（１）よυ放電用気体αのを導
入する。この気体は陰極円板（３）の陰極、ｇ−リフイ
ス（４）を通じてキーパ−電極（５）の方に流れる。Next, the operation will be explained. To start up the hollow cathode, first introduce the υ discharge gas α into the cathode vibrator (1). This gas flows through the cathode of the cathode disk (3), the g-refice (4), towards the keeper electrode (5).
次いで陰極加熱ヒーター（８）に電流を流して、陰極バ
イブ（１）、陰極円板（３）及び電子放出体（２）を加
熱すると共に、キーパ−電極（５）に数１００ｖの正の
電圧を印加する。陰極温度が１０００℃前後になると、
陰極円板（３）よυ発生する熱電子がきっかけになって
、陰極円板（３）とキーパ−電極（５）の間に気体放電
が発生する。陰極円板（３）からの熱電子は放電開始の
引き金として作用するからマイクロアンペア程度の電子
流で充分である。放電開始後は以下に述べる様な作用に
よシ、電子放出体（２）とキーパ−電極（５）の間で放
電が維持される様になシ、陰極加熱ヒーター（８）への
通電を中止しても放電が持続される様になる。又当初数
１００ｖであったキーパ−電圧は、１０〜２０Ｖに低下
する。一方キーパー電圧は正である事からキーパ−電極
（５）に向って電子が流れる。この電子流の大部分はキ
ーパ−電極（５）に流入するが、一部はキーパ−電極（
５）中央部のキーパ−オリフィス（６）を通じて外部に
放出される。Next, a current is passed through the cathode heater (8) to heat the cathode vibrator (1), cathode disc (3), and electron emitter (2), and at the same time, a positive voltage of several hundred volts is applied to the keeper electrode (5). Apply. When the cathode temperature reaches around 1000℃,
Gas discharge occurs between the cathode disk (3) and the keeper electrode (5) due to thermoelectrons generated by the cathode disk (3). Since the hot electrons from the cathode disk (3) act as a trigger for starting discharge, an electron flow of about microamperes is sufficient. After the discharge starts, the following actions are taken to maintain the discharge between the electron emitter (2) and the keeper electrode (5), and the cathode heater (8) is energized. The discharge will continue even if it is stopped. Also, the keeper voltage, which was initially several hundred volts, drops to 10 to 20 volts. On the other hand, since the keeper voltage is positive, electrons flow toward the keeper electrode (5). Most of this electron flow flows into the keeper electrode (5), but some of it flows into the keeper electrode (5).
5) Discharged to the outside through the central keeper orifice (6).
さて陰極円板（３）とキーパ−電極（５）の間で放電が
開始すると、両電極間の大部分の空間は、プラズマで満
される様になるが、このプラズマは一定条件のもとて更
に陰極オリフィス（４）を通じて、陰極パイプ（１）の
内部に流入し、電子放出体（２）の表面に到達する。か
かる状態において、電子放出体（２）は、プラズマ中の
イオンによるイオン衝撃により、２次電子が放出される
と共に、イオン衝撃により電子放出体（２）が加熱され
るので、電子放出は更に活発になる。この結果放電維持
電圧〃二低下すると共に、陰極ヒーター（８）への通電
を中止しても、放電が持続する様になる。Now, when a discharge starts between the cathode disk (3) and the keeper electrode (5), most of the space between the two electrodes becomes filled with plasma, but this plasma is generated under certain conditions. The electrons further flow into the cathode pipe (1) through the cathode orifice (4) and reach the surface of the electron emitter (2). In such a state, the electron emitter (2) emits secondary electrons due to ion bombardment by ions in the plasma, and the electron emitter (2) is heated by the ion bombardment, so that electron emission becomes more active. become. As a result, the discharge sustaining voltage is lowered by 2, and the discharge continues even if the energization to the cathode heater (8) is stopped.
放電維持電圧は、ホローカソードの重要な特性値の一つ
であって、この電圧を低くおさえる事により、消費電力
が低減されるだけでなく、イオンエネルギーが小さくな
るので、イオン衝撃による、陰極の破壊が少なくなシ、
ホローカソードの寿命が長くなる。The discharge sustaining voltage is one of the important characteristic values of the hollow cathode. By keeping this voltage low, not only the power consumption is reduced, but also the ion energy is reduced, so the cathode is not affected by ion bombardment. Less destruction,
Hollow cathode has a longer life.
以上のように従来のホローカソードはキーノ々−電圧、
すなわち放電維持電圧が低く、従って消費電力が少く、
又寿命も長い、等の利点を有している。しかし、ホロー
カソードをたとえば宇宙推進機関としてのイオンエンジ
ン等に利用する様な場合においては、消費電力や寿命等
の点に於いて、なお充分ではなく、熱効率等を更に良く
する必要がある。As mentioned above, conventional hollow cathodes have different voltages,
In other words, the discharge sustaining voltage is low, so power consumption is low.
It also has the advantage of long life. However, when a hollow cathode is used, for example, in an ion engine as a space propulsion engine, it is still not sufficient in terms of power consumption, lifespan, etc., and it is necessary to further improve thermal efficiency.
この発明は上記のような点にかんがみてなされたもので
、キーパ−電圧（５）に熱シールド効果をもだせる事に
よυ、陰極部の加熱効率を向上させ、消費電力が少く、
寿命の長いホローカソードを提供する事を目的としてい
る。This invention was made in view of the above points, and by producing a heat shielding effect on the keeper voltage (5), it improves the heating efficiency of the cathode part, reduces power consumption,
The aim is to provide a hollow cathode with a long life.
以下、第２図に示すこの発明の一実施例について説明す
る。第２図において第１図と同一符号は同一まだは相西
部分を示すので、その説明を省略する。（６）はキーパ
−電極、０３はキーパ−外囲器で、中央にキーパ−オリ
フィス（６）と同等又は、それ以上の直径をもつオリフ
ィスを穿っている。An embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 will be described below. In FIG. 2, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same side portions, so the explanation thereof will be omitted. (6) is a keeper electrode, and 03 is a keeper envelope, which has an orifice in the center with a diameter equal to or larger than that of the keeper orifice (6).
次に動作について説明する。まず気体放電開始までの陰
極加熱時においては、キーパ−電極（６）は第１の熱シ
ールド、キーパ−外囲器（ロ）は第２の熱シールドとし
て作用し、陰極円板（３）や電子放出体り２）が効率的
に加熱される。又放電持続時においては、プラズマから
のイオン衝撃によシ加熱される陰極円板（３）や電子放
出体（２）を上記と同様熱シールドするだけでなく、キ
ーパ−電極は、プラズマからの電子衝撃により発熱する
ので、キーパ−外囲器（ハ）の熱シールド作用によシ、
キーパ−電極（６）で発生した熱は、陰極円板（３）や
電子放出体の加熱の為に有効に使う事ができる。又本構
造においては、キーパ−電極（６）の材料として、肉薄
の金属板の使用が可と々）、この場合上記の効果は更に
強イヒされる。すなわち、従来のホローカソードにおい
てキーパ−電極から逃していた熱が有効に第１」用され
、ホローカソードの温度が有効に高温に維持されるので
、キーパ−への入力が少くても作動づ−る。Next, the operation will be explained. First, during cathode heating until the start of gas discharge, the keeper electrode (6) acts as the first heat shield, the keeper envelope (b) acts as the second heat shield, and the cathode disk (3) and The electron emitter 2) is efficiently heated. In addition, during a sustained discharge, the keeper electrode not only thermally shields the cathode disk (3) and electron emitter (2), which are heated by ion bombardment from the plasma, but also protects them from the plasma. Since heat is generated due to electron impact, the heat shielding effect of the keeper envelope (c)
The heat generated by the keeper electrode (6) can be effectively used to heat the cathode disk (3) and the electron emitter. Furthermore, in this structure, a thin metal plate may be used as the material for the keeper electrode (6), in which case the above effect is further enhanced. In other words, the heat that was released from the keeper electrode in the conventional hollow cathode is effectively used, and the temperature of the hollow cathode is effectively maintained at a high temperature, so even if the input to the keeper is small, it will not operate. Ru.
また上記実施例ではキーパく一電極にキーパく一外囲器
を形成したものについて述べ′ｆＣ，力Ｓ、このキーパ
−電極とキーパ−外囲器との間（で多重の熱シールド板
を設置しても良くこの場合さらに熱効率力；向上する。In addition, in the above embodiment, a keeper electrode is formed with a keeper envelope. In this case, the thermal efficiency is further improved.
以上のようにこの発明によればキーパく一電極の外周を
キーパく一外囲器で囲んでいるので、キー／く一電極材
料として薄肉の金属板を使用１“ることめよできること
、その熱シールド作用により、熱効率が向上し、消費電
力が低減され、〃ムつ放電維持電圧が低下するためにホ
ローカソードの寿命やは延びる等の効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, since the outer periphery of the key electrode is surrounded by the keeper envelope, it is possible to use a thin metal plate as the key/key electrode material. The heat shielding effect improves thermal efficiency, reduces power consumption, and extends the life of the hollow cathode because the discharge sustaining voltage is lowered.
第１図は従来のホローカソードを示す断面図、第２図は
この発明の一実施例を示す断面図である。
図において、（１）は陰極パイプ、（２）は電子放出体
、（３）は陰極円板、（４）は陰極オリフィス、（５）
はキー・（−電極、（６）はキーパ−オリフィス、（７
）は絶縁円筒、（８）は陰極加熱ヒーター、（９）は耐
熱絶縁体、叫は陰極熱シールド、α■は放電用気体であ
る。又第２図は本発明の一実施例を示す断面図で（６）
はキー・＜−電極、０椴はキーパ−外囲器である。なお
図中同一符号は同一または相当部分を示す。
代理人大岩増雄FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a conventional hollow cathode, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, (1) is the cathode pipe, (2) is the electron emitter, (3) is the cathode disk, (4) is the cathode orifice, and (5) is the cathode disk.
is the key (-electrode, (6) is the keeper orifice, (7
) is an insulating cylinder, (8) is a cathode heater, (9) is a heat-resistant insulator, y is a cathode heat shield, and α■ is a discharge gas. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention (6).
is the key <- electrode, and 0 is the keeper envelope. Note that the same reference numerals in the figures indicate the same or corresponding parts. Agent Masuo Oiwa
Claims (1)
隔をあけて対向するように、上記オリフィスと略同軸に
配置される陰極バイブおよび該パイプの先端に気密結合
され微細なオリフィスを中央に持つ陰極円板とからなる
陰極部を配設し、上記陰極部と上記キーパ−電極との間
に気体放電を形成せしめて電子を引出す様にしたホロー
カソードにおいて、上記キーパ−電極の外面側に上記オ
リフィスと同軸で、かつ上記オリフィスと同等か又は大
きい径の別のオリフィスを有するキーパ−外囲器を設け
たことを特徴とするホローカソード。A cathode vibrator disposed substantially coaxially with the orifice so as to face a keeper electrode having an orifice for electron emission in the center at a distance, and a cathode airtightly connected to the tip of the pipe and having a minute orifice in the center. In the hollow cathode, the hollow cathode is provided with a cathode section consisting of a disk, and a gas discharge is formed between the cathode section and the keeper electrode to extract electrons, and the orifice is provided on the outer surface of the keeper electrode. A hollow cathode comprising a keeper envelope having another orifice coaxial with the orifice and having a diameter equal to or larger than the orifice.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7130383A JPS59196979A (en) | 1983-04-21 | 1983-04-21 | Hollow cathode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7130383A JPS59196979A (en) | 1983-04-21 | 1983-04-21 | Hollow cathode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59196979A true JPS59196979A (en) | 1984-11-08 |
Family
ID=13456737
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7130383A Pending JPS59196979A (en) | 1983-04-21 | 1983-04-21 | Hollow cathode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59196979A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-04-21 JP JP7130383A patent/JPS59196979A/en active Pending
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