JPS59176407A - Combined body of annular part and tubulous member and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent breakage of an annular part by inserting a medium body between the annular part and a tubulous member and further expanding the member so that these three are united in one body. CONSTITUTION:After fixing a steel medium body 6, equipped with at least more than one interlocking part 8 on the inner peripheral face, to the inside of an annular part 2 such as a cam piece or the like, a tubulous member 1 made of ductile material such as steel, copper, aluminium alloy or the like is positioned through said medium body 6, then, after letting a tube expanding jig pierce into the tubulous member 1, the exterior of said member 1 is interlocked with the interlocking part 8 of the steel medium body 6. By providing said body 6, stress due to expansion of the tubulous member is alleviated and the annular part 2 is prevented from breakage.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combined body of an annular member and a tubular member, and a method for manufacturing the same, and particularly relates to a combined body of a ring part and a tubular member, and particularly to a combined body that slides on a rocker arm or tappet, such as a camshaft of a reciprocating engine. For this reason, a hard material with excellent wear resistance is required for the cam part, and a material with a high Young's modulus is required for the shaft material to increase bending rigidity. This invention relates to a conjugate of and a method for producing the same.

(B) Conventional technology and problems In general, the camshafts in the inner f[seki] cause a lot of wear because the cam part slides in impact contact with the rocker arm and tappet, so in the past, only the sliding contact surface was chilled. camshafts made of cast iron are often used.

However, the Young's modulus of cast iron is 10,000 to 12,000.
Since the weight is as low as kg/mm2, cast iron camshafts have no choice but to have thicker shafts to increase rigidity.
The disadvantage is that it is heavy. In addition, the cast iron camshaft is chilled by applying a chiller to the cam sliding contact surface, but in addition to variations in quality, it is also subject to harsh usage conditions, such as carbon particles. Diesel engines, whose oil is contaminated by lead compounds, and engines that use leaded gasoline, whose oil is contaminated with lead compounds, suffer from increased wear.

Conventionally, a method of brazing other parts to a steel pipe (
JP-A No. 54-86456), but this method involves placing the components of the camshaft and a support jig made of refractory in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace and brazing them, which requires large equipment and requires a lot of work. There were difficulties in both gender and economy.

On the other hand, for the purpose of weight reduction, it is known that ring body parts such as cams, gears, gears, etc. are made of lightweight materials such as engineering plastics, aluminum alloys, and copper alloys.

However, although it is easy to attach serrations to the inner circumferential surface of this ring part by machining or plastic working, when the tubular member is expanded and joined to the ring part, the tips of the teeth are crushed and the two parts are damaged. It was not possible to connect them reliably.

(c) Purpose of the Invention Therefore, an object of the present invention is to facilitate the connection of an arbitrary annular member having excellent wear resistance and a tubular member having high rigidity and reduced weight.

(d) Structure of the invention In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the first invention,
an annular body part; a steel intermediate body provided with at least one or more engaging portions on the inner circumferential surface and fixed to the inner circumferential surface of the annular body part;
a tubular member made of a ductile material such as steel, copper, aluminum alloy, etc., which penetrates the intermediate body and whose outer surface bites into the meshing part of the intermediate body and is coupled to the intermediate body; After fixing a steel intermediate body with at least one meshing part on the inner circumferential surface to the inside of the ring part, the steel.

A tubular member made of a ductile material such as copper or an aluminum alloy is positioned on the steel intermediate body, a tube expansion jig is inserted into the tubular member, and the engaging portion of the steel intermediate body is bitten into the outer surface of the tubular member. Configured.

(e) Examples of the invention Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a camshaft, where 1 is a camshaft, 2 is a cam piece, 3a, 3b
is the journal, and 4 is the shaft.

The cam piece 2 corresponds to a ring component made of a hard material such as cast iron, sintered alloy, ceramic, or cermet.

In this ring part, (1) It is difficult to provide engaging parts such as serrations on the inner circumferential surface by plastic working, and machining is not economical because the life of the blade is extremely short. (2) Even if engaging parts such as serrations are provided by machining, there are problems such as stress concentration in the valleys of the engaging parts when the tubular member is expanded, resulting in cracks due to the notch action. An example of the hard material is high chromium cast iron (e.g. 2-3% C, 18-30% C).
r-containing), high-density, high-chromium iron-based sintered alloys (e.g., density 1
-2g/cc or more, 1.5~3゜0%C210~30%
Cr-containing), free-cutting glass ceramic materials, etc.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cam piece 2 is fixed by any means such as brazing, diffusion bonding, adhesive, shrink fitting, casting, press fitting, etc., into the hole 5. are doing.

When expanding the shaft 4 and fixing the cam piece 2 to the shaft 4, the steel intermediate body 6 is formed by brazing, diffusion bonding, adhesive,
Together with the bonding layer 7 formed by shrink fitting, casting, press fitting, etc., the stress is relaxed and the cam piece 2 is prevented from cracking. For this reason, structural steel is used for the steel intermediate body 6, which is more ductile than the ring part. The steel intermediate body 6 is provided with at least one engagement portion 8 on its inner circumferential surface, and is engaged with the shaft 4 by biting into it.

The meshing portion 8 is arbitrarily provided depending on the required torque of the combined body, and may be provided, for example, at one or both of the axial ends of the inner circumferential surface of the steel intermediate body 6, or at or near the center of the steel intermediate body 6. Provided by combining etc. and,
The shape of the engaging portion 8 may be, for example, substantially serrated irregularities, knurling, serrations, etc., and is not particularly limited as long as it has a shape that allows the material to bite into it easily.

The journals 3a and 3b are provided with arbitrary meshing portions 9 on their inner circumferential surfaces, as shown in FIG. 4 or 5, for example, as in conventional products.

The shaft 4 corresponds to a tubular member defined in the present invention, and is made of a ductile material such as steel, copper, or aluminum alloy. Here, ductility refers to the ability to stretch to withstand elongation during expansion, for example, elongation in the circumferential direction is 1
If it is about 0 to 20%, it can be used sufficiently as the camshaft 1. Further, the outer diameter of the shaft 4 is approximately 0.5 to 1.5 mm smaller than the small diameter of the engaging portion 9 provided on the inner circumferential surface of the steel intermediate body 6.

The camshaft 1 is manufactured, for example, as follows. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a journal (see FIG. 5) is set on the seat plate 10 via a jig 11, four cylinders 12 are passed through the base 10, and a jig 13a is set on the seat plate 10. The cam piece 2 (having a steel intermediate body 6 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) and the journal 3a, which are centered at ~13C, are inserted into the spacer rings 14a to 14C, and are positioned in the height direction. I'll keep piling up. The phase and axis alignment of the cam piece 2 is performed by fixing the cam piece 2 to the cam phase determining plate 15 and pin 16 on the jig plate 13a.

Next, the shaft 4 is passed through, and the rod 20 to which the desired tube expansion jig 19 is attached is penetrated into the shaft 4. Cam piece 2. Join journals 3a and 3b.

In addition, in FIGS. 6 and 7, 17 is a compression plate divided into two parts, and 18 is a two-part positioning jig for the journal 3a, which are aligned by fitting with the jig plate 13C.

The present invention is applicable not only to the above-mentioned camshaft, but also to the case where ring parts such as gears and spur gears are connected to a tubular member. Examples thereof are shown in FIGS.
゛As shown in figure.

Fig. 8 shows an example in which a ceramic spur gear 21 is used as a ring part and this spur gear 21 is bonded to an intermediate body 22 with a thermosetting resin 24, and Fig. 9 shows a cermet cam piece 26 as a ring part. An example in which the cam piece 26 is bonded to the intermediate body 27 using a thermosetting resin 29, as shown in FIG. An example in which the intermediate body 32 is later inserted (shrink fit) is shown in FIG. 11, in which an aluminum alloy spur gear 34 is used as the ring part and this spur gear 34 is cast into the intermediate body 35.

All of these are constructed so that when the tubular member is expanded after passing through the tubular member, the intermediate body absorbs the elongation and the annular member does not crack.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the outer periphery of the intermediate body is not limited to a perfectly circular shape, but may be, for example, a hexagonal shape within the allowable dimensional restrictions in order to exhibit the necessary bonding force.

It may be of any shape such as a helical shape or an ellipse.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 As shown in Fig. 2, the reference circumference is 33.50 mm, the thickness is 181 m with a polishing allowance of 0.2 to 0.3 mm compared to the final finished dimensions, and the inner diameter of hole 5 is 28.5 mm. The intake and exhaust cam pieces (27Cr-2,5C high chromium cast iron M) 2 were made by precision casting and finished to have an inner diameter of 29mm. Separately, serrations (large diameter 25mm) are provided on the inner peripheral surface.
, Small diameter 24.3 Sanho, Mountain angle 90°, Number of blades 96) 8
A steel intermediate body 6 was prepared, which was made of JIS-3CM-440 and had been formed by plastic working, and whose outer diameter was 0.05 to 0.15 smaller than the hole diameter of the cam piece 2. Next, cam' piece 2
A steel intermediate body 6 was fitted into the hole 5, a copper wire was placed on the upper part of the interface, and they were joined by brazing at 1140° C. for 15 minutes in a vacuum furnace.

In addition, the intermediate journal 3a shown in FIG. 4 and the timing belt side journal 3b shown in FIG.
The inner circumferential surface of the 5C material was serrated in the same way as the Wi-made intermediate 6 described above, and then quenched and tempered.

Next, as shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, after inserting it into the tube expansion device, pass the steel pipe (shaft) 4 made of JIS-345C with an outer diameter of 24*x and an inner diameter of 13.3 mm, and
The rod 20 to which the 5-dragon tube expansion jig 19 is attached is passed through the shaft 4 to expand and connect the tube, and the tube is expanded to 2000 cc.
We made camshaft material for 4-cylinder diesel engines. Next, the journal portion, cam portion, etc. were finished to predetermined dimensions and subjected to a durability test using an actual engine test.

The durability test was conducted at an engine speed of 460 rpm and 200 rpm.
After several hours of testing, there were no problems with the joints or brazing. Furthermore, we conducted an amplifier down test of 200,000 times on the same engine, and inspected the joints and brazed parts, but no abnormalities were found. In addition, a motoring test was conducted in which a chilled casting was combined with a rocker arm attached to the sliding surface, and a wear test was conducted for 2°0 hours using degraded diesel oil contaminated with carbon at an oil temperature of 6 (1). The amount of wear on the cam was less than 1/10 that of a camshaft made of chilled casting.

Example 2 74% iron-based alloy powder containing 26% Cr, Q, 9% C,
24.5% iron-based alloy powder containing 18% Cr and 0.9% C
%, graphite at 1.5%, and stearic acid at 0.4%, mixed together, and made into a cam piece-shaped powder using a molding pressure cuff ton/cJ in a mold that allows for shrinkage due to sintering. , 115
Primary sintering was performed at 0° C. for 30 minutes in a continuous furnace in a decomposed ammonia gas atmosphere. Next, the outer diameter is 29 mm and the height is 18 mm.
A steel intermediate body with the same serrations as in Example 1 on its inner peripheral surface was placed inside the cam piece after primary sintering, and sintered in a vacuum furnace at 1250°C for 1 hour to achieve a density of 7.mm. 3
~7.4 g/cc, and at the same time the steel intermediate and the cam piece were diffusion bonded. Furthermore, after quenching at 900℃, 1
Tempering of time was performed.

The cam piece having the H4 intermediate thus obtained was fixed with a jig together with the intermediate journal and the journal on the timing belt side in the same manner as in the example construction, and a 2000cc 4-cylinder camshaft was obtained by expanding the steel pipe. Ta.

Next, after finishing the camshaft, the engine speed is 4
We conducted a 200 hour durability test at 60 rpm.
There were no abnormalities in the bonding area or the diffusion bonding area.

Furthermore, an amplifier down test was performed on the same engine 200,000 times, but no abnormalities were found in the coupling section or diffusion coupling section.

In addition, a wear test similar to that in Example 1 was conducted using a chilled casting in combination with a rocker arm attached to the sliding surface using a moak ring test. It was below.

Example 3 As shown in Fig. 8, a spur gear (Module 2
．． Number of teeth: 30. Tooth tip circle diameter 64mm.

Face width 14mm, hole diameter 29mm) 21, face width 2fi on both sides, large diameter 25mm, small diameter 24', 3+i+a,
The angle of the mountain is 90° and the number of teeth is 23 with 96 teeth.
JIS-3CM-440 with inner diameter a of 261 at the center
material (hardness 1 (Rc40) intermediate body 22 (outer diameter 28.85
m irises, length 30m1) with epoxy thermosetting resin 24
After gluing with
A JIS 545C steel pipe 25 was passed therein and the connection was performed using a tube expansion jig with a maximum outer diameter of 14.9 mm in the same manner as in Example 1, but the spur gear 21 could be integrated without cracking. This component is the shaft that transmits rotation to the cylindrical workpiece that requires insulation of the ion blating device.

The thus obtained shaft was attached to a piston ring ion brating device at a rotational speed of 3 Orpm under a torque load of 0.05 kg-m, and after a cumulative 500 hours of operation, the joint was inspected and no problems were found.

Example 4 As shown in Figure 9, titanium carbide was 55% and the remainder was 5%.
An annealed cermet (ferrotic 0M-55 material made by Chugai Electric Industry Co., Ltd.) consisting of a KD-11 composition iron alloy base with a hardness of HRC48 is processed to create a cam shape with a base circle radius of 30 mm and a maximum lift of 3111 mm on the outer circumferential side. Make a cam piece 26 with an inner diameter of 48 mm and a thickness of 10 fl, and an outer diameter of 47.95 + n.
The length is 20mm, the inner peripheral surface on both sides has a tooth width of 2fi, a large diameter of 25mm, and a small diameter of 24mm.

The angle of the mountain is 90°, the gear 96 has 28 serrations,
J I S-3CM5- with an inner diameter of 261 m at the center
An intermediate body 27 of 3C material (hardness HRC40) is made, and the intermediate body 27 is coated with an epoxy thermosetting resin 29 on the cam piece 26.
After bonding, JIS-S 4 similar to Example 3
．． 5 C steel pipe 30 was passed through a pipe expansion jig having a maximum outer diameter of 14.9 mt to perform the connection.

The cam piece 26 could be integrated without cracking.

This part was used 105 times (repeatedly) under intermittent usage conditions with a maximum load torque of 0.1 kg-m, but no abnormality was observed in the joint.

Example 5 As shown in Figure 10, a round rod made of polyamide resin (The
Machined from MC901 material manufactured by Polymer Co., Ltd. with 60 teeth.
．． Module 1.5. Pitch circle diameter 901. tooth width 16m
A spur gear (pressure angle 20°) 31 was made with a shaft hole having a hole diameter of 28.90 mm in the center. Separately, an intermediate body 32 with an outer diameter of 29.0 mm and a height of 16 mm has serrations on the inner peripheral surface (large diameter 25 mm, small diameter 24.3 mm, ridge angle 9
0°, number of teeth 96) by plastic working JIS-34
I made one of 5C material (hardness HRC38). Next, the above-mentioned polyamide 1 resin gear 31 was immersed in boiling water for 15 minutes to expand, then pulled out, and the intermediate body 32 was inserted (shrink fit).

Next, JIS-34 with an outer diameter of 24 mm and an inner diameter of 13.3 mm.
A 5C pipe 33 was passed through the intermediate body 32 and passed through the same tube expansion jig (diameter 14.9 mm) as in Example 4 to expand the tube and connect the gear and the tubular member. No cracks occur during joining, and the resulting parts can be transferred to a torque of 2
It was operated for 200 hours under the condition of Kg-m, and the condition of the joint was investigated after the operation, but there was no field lightning at all.

Example 6 As shown in Fig. 11, it has a regular octagonal outer peripheral shape with a circumscribed circle of 32 mm, and a height of 17 mm with serrations on the inner peripheral surface (large diameter 25 mm, small diameter 24.3 mm, crest angle 90°, number of teeth. 9
An intermediate body 35 made of a hardened and tempered JIS-3CM-4 material (hardness HRC49) to which 6) has been applied by plastic working is inserted into a mold, and a JI is inserted into a mold cavity with an inner diameter of 95 mm. An aluminum alloy cast body was obtained by casting 5-AC-8A material by gravity casting. The number of teeth is 60 by machining this cast body. Module 1.5. A spur gear 34 with a pinch circle diameter of 90 mm, a tooth tip diameter of 93 mm, and a face width of 16 openings was manufactured.

Pass this JIS-345C pipe 36 of the same dimensions as in Example 5 through the intermediate body, and use a pipe expansion jig (diameter 14.9 mm).
The tube was expanded by penetrating it, and the tube was joined. No cracks occurred during bonding. Further, after operating the obtained parts against a steel gear for 200 hours under the condition of a transmission torque of I kg-m, the joints were examined, but no abnormalities were found.

(F) Effects of the Invention As described above, in the present invention, since the intermediate member provided with the meshing portion is joined to the inside of the ring component, the stress applied when the tubular member is expanded and bitten into the meshing portion is alleviated. It can prevent cracks from occurring in the ring parts. In addition, it is possible to combine hard materials such as serrations, which are difficult to attach with plastic processing or machining, to pipes, so it is possible to combine any annular part with excellent wear resistance with a tubular member. In addition, the machining allowance for hole machining and ring body parts can be reduced. Also aluminum alloy, copper alloy.

Serrations can be added to plastics by machining or plastic processing, but soft materials that cannot be joined to tubular members because their tooth tips are crushed during pipe expansion can be joined to pipes. A gear wheel made of polyamide, which can be operated at 300 volts, can be coupled to the tubular member, or a gear made of aluminum alloy can be coupled to the tubular member to reduce weight. Furthermore, since high-temperature processing is only required for brazing and expanding pipe connections between ring parts and intermediate bodies, long objects with large heat capacity, such as camshafts, are placed in the furnace for brazing and diffusion. It is simpler than those that are joined together. In addition, since the force required for pipe expansion is small, it has the advantage of not requiring large equipment.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a camshaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the cam piece, Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line I-1, Figs. 4 and 5 are side sectional views of the journal, and Fig. 6 is a cam piece used in the manufacturing method of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line nn, and FIGS. 8 to 11 are sectional views of a combined body according to another embodiment. 1...Camshaft, 2...Cam piece, 3a. 3b... Journal, 6... Intermediate body, 7... Joining layer, 8... Engaging portion. Patent applicant Riken Co., Ltd. Figure 5 Figure 6 ■ Figure 7 Figure 1 () Figure 11

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] +11 A ring part, a steel intermediate body provided with at least one meshing part on the inner peripheral surface and fixed to the inner peripheral side of the ring part, and steel, copper, aluminum alloy, etc. a tubular member made of a ductile material, which passes through the intermediate body and whose outer surface bites into the meshing portion of the intermediate body to be coupled. . (2) A combined body of an annular member and a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the meshing portions are provided at both axial ends of the inner circumferential surface of the steel intermediate body. (3) A combined body of an annular member and a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the meshing portion is provided at one axial end of the inner circumferential surface of the steel intermediate body. (4) A combined body of an annular component and a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the meshing portion is provided at or near the center of the inner circumferential surface of the steel intermediate body. (5) The meshing part has serrated irregularities and knurling. A combination of an annular member and a tubular member according to claim 1, which are serrations or the like. (6) A combination of an annular member and a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the annular member is made of a hard material such as cast iron, sintered alloy, ceramic, or cermet. (7) A combination of an annular member and a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the annular member is made of a soft material such as an aluminum alloy, a copper alloy, or plastic. (8) A combination of an annular member and a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the annular member is a cam, a gear, a spur gear, or the like. (9) After fixing a steel intermediate body having at least one meshing part on the inner peripheral surface to the inside of the ring part, a tubular member made of a ductile material such as steel, copper, or aluminum alloy is attached to the steel body. A method for producing a combined body of a ring part and a tubular member, which comprises placing the intermediate body inside the intermediate body, inserting a tube expansion jig into the tubular member, and biting the meshing part of the steel intermediate body into the outer surface of the tubular member.