JPS5915954B2 - Carbonization cracking method and equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of carbonization cracking and an apparatus for carrying out the same, and more particularly to a method of carbonizing solid waste, etc. to recover oil or gas, and an apparatus for carrying out the same. It is.

A method of carbonizing solid waste, etc. and recovering oil or gas from it, especially a method of treating industrial waste, etc. and recovering oil, fat, gas, etc., from the viewpoint of resource conservation and effective use of resources. In recent years, it has attracted attention from the industry.

These methods or devices usually use sand as the fluidizing medium;
In addition, air is supplied as a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed type carbonization furnace to decompose solid waste by carbonization.

Conventionally, this type of method or apparatus consists of two units, a fluidized bed carbonization furnace and a fluidized bed incinerator, and the carbonization furnace and the incinerator are connected by a pipe to prevent overflow.
In many cases, the above-mentioned sand is circulated through the process, and carbonization and decomposition are performed using the sensible heat of the sand.

However, in the case of the prior art method or device as explained above, firstly, the sensible heat of sand alone is insufficient as a heat source for carbonizing waste, and supplementary fuel is required; Secondly, connecting the two units mentioned above through pipes has problems, such as the fact that there is actually a pressure difference between the two units, which causes various troublesome problems in terms of pressure balance. It was seen.

In addition, a large amount of gas is required to remove incombustible materials generated during carbonization treatment, which causes the gas produced by carbonization to be diluted, resulting in a reduction in the quality of the gas as a by-product. Ta.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems seen in the prior art as explained above, and it is possible to more easily supply sand as a heat medium discharged from the incinerator to the carbonization furnace. It has significant advantages in terms of solid waste processing efficiency and processing methods, such as effective use of the sensible heat of sand, increased yield of recovered products from solid waste, and ability to freely adjust the discharge rate. It is an object of the present invention to provide a carbonization cracking method and an apparatus for carrying out the method, which have been greatly improved and improved.

The method and apparatus for carbonization cracking according to the present invention, as partially explained above, replaces the conventional two-stage structure and installs an incinerator directly above the carbonization furnace to create a single-stage two-stage structure. This makes it easier to supply the sand overflowing from the incinerator to the carbonization furnace, and the carbonization furnace is not provided with an overflow pipe, and char, sand, and incombustible materials are removed from the discharge pipe leading to the screw conveyor. The main idea is to separate and classify incombustible materials using carbonized gas, and transport char and sand by air to the incinerator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The carbonization cracking method and apparatus of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a carbonization cracking method according to the present invention and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

In the figure, solid waste and the like are stored in a hopper 2 and then supplied to a fluidized bed carbonization furnace 1 by a screw conveyor 3.

The fluidized bed carbonization furnace 1 uses sand as a heat medium and a fluid medium,
A limited amount of air is used as the fluidizing gas.

In addition, a limited amount of air is supplied to the fluidized bed carbonization furnace 1 from the lower part of the perforated plate 8 through the air supply pipe 7, and a part of the solid waste in the carbonization furnace 1 is combusted. The temperature inside the reactor is maintained at 450 to 500°C, and solid waste, etc. is subjected to dry distillation thermal decomposition.

After the generated carbonized gas is removed by a cyclone 11, oil is recovered by an oil recovery device 12, and part or all of the gas is sucked by a blower 14 through a pipe 13.

The sucked gas is supplied into the fluidized bed incinerator 4 through the airflow transport pipe 15, and the combustible gas contained in the gas is incinerated.

On the other hand, char, sand, incombustibles, etc. are discharged from the discharge pipe 9.

One end of the discharge pipe 9 opens into the perforated plate 8, and the other end communicates with the screw conveyor 10, and the discharge speed of the incombustibles etc. is adjusted by the 100 rotation speed of the screw conveyor.

The other end of the screw conveyor 10 is the air flow transport pipe 1
The char, sand, impurities, etc. that are discharged through the air flow transport pipe 15 are classified by the carbonization gas that also flows through the air flow transport pipe 15.

That is, the gas flow performs wind classification, and the classified noncombustible materials are discharged from the noncombustible material discharge pipe 16.

On the other hand, char, sand, and the like are transported in air by carbonization gas and supplied into the fluidized bed incinerator 4 .

A sufficient amount of air is supplied into the fluidized bed incinerator 4 through the air supply pipe 17, and char, combustible gas, etc. are incinerated or combusted using sand as a fluidizing medium and air as a fluidizing gas. .

The combustion temperature at this time is usually about 800 to 850°C.

On the other hand, non-combustible materials are separated from char, sand, etc. and discharged separately.

Sand as a fluidizing medium is always stored in a sand hopper 5, and is replenished from the sand hopper 5 into the fluidized bed incinerator 4 by a screw conveyor 6.

The incinerator 4 is provided with an overflow pipe 18 that communicates with the carbonization furnace 1 through two gate valves, and sand as the heating medium is supplied into the carbonization furnace 1 to carbonize solid waste, etc. Used as part of the heat source.

Therefore, the amount of air supplied into the carbonization furnace 1 is reduced, and the amount of partial combustion of solid waste, etc. is reduced, so that
An increase in the yield of carbonized products can be expected.

As already explained above, char, combustible gas, etc. are incinerated or combusted in the fluidized bed incinerator 4, but the combustion exhaust gas etc. generated at this time is
After dust is removed by the cyclone 19, the heat is recovered by the heat exchanger 20, and the calorific value of the low-calorie carbonized gas is recovered, and at the same time, trace amounts of harmful substances (aldehydes, ketones, etc.) in the gas are combusted and discharged to the outside. be done.

On the other hand, the air passes through the blower 22 and air heater 21 to
It is preheated to a temperature of about 400°C.

At this time, the temperature of the air is detected by a temperature controller 23 installed in the carbonization furnace 1, and the flow rate is adjusted by a flow rate control valve 24 interlocked with the controller 23.

As described above in detail, the method and apparatus for carbonizing solid waste, etc. according to the present invention can utilize the sensible heat possessed by sand more effectively than the conventional technology. Therefore, the yield of recovered products obtained during the treatment also increased, resulting in a significant improvement in the efficiency of the carbonization cracking treatment.

In addition, no special exhaust gas is required for discharging or extracting incombustibles, so the carbonized gas produced by carbonization is not diluted, and the quality of the produced gas as a by-product is extremely high. It was advantageous.

A further feature is that the discharge rate of incombustibles, etc., and therefore the residence time, can be arbitrarily adjusted by the rotation speed of the screw conveyor.

In addition to the above, conventional two-unit carbonization equipment has many problems in terms of sand circulation and pressure balance, but according to the present invention, these problems are solved and sand circulation is carried out extremely reliably. In addition, since char, sand, incombustibles, etc. are discharged by the screw conveyor, there is no need for any particular discharge gas as mentioned above, and other great effects can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the method of carbonizing solid waste, etc. according to the present invention. Explanation of symbols, 1...Fluidized bed carbonization cracking furnace, 2.
...Solid waste hopper, 3.6.10...
・Screw conveyor, 4...Fluidized bed incinerator, 5...Sand hopper, 7, 17...Air supply piping, 8...Perforated plate , 9...Discharge pipe 11,19...Cyclone, 12...
...Oil recovery equipment, 13... Gas piping, 14.2
2... Blower, 15... Air flow transport pipe,
16...Incombustible material discharge pipe, 18...Overflow pipe, 20...Heat exchanger, 21...Air heater, 23...・・Temperature controller, 24・・・・
・Flow control valve.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a carbonization method for solid waste, etc., a fluidized bed type incinerator for directly generated char is installed above a fluidized bed type carbonization furnace to form a single, two-stage system, and the char, sand, etc. and impurities, etc. are discharged by a screw conveyor, and the char, sand, impurities, etc. discharged from the conveyor are pneumatically transported to the fluidized bed incinerator by the produced carbonization gas, and at the same time are separated by the wind force. A carbonization decomposition method. 2 Adjustment of the rotational speed of a fluidized bed carbonization furnace, a fluidized bed incinerator for the produced char that is directly connected to the upper part of the cracking furnace, and a fluidized bed incinerator that is installed at the discharge section for char, sand, impurities, etc. of the carbonization furnace. An apparatus for carrying out the carbonization cracking method according to claim 1, comprising a screw conveyor, which is flexible.