JPS5913508Y2 - Rotary thin film device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to a rotary membrane device.

This invention is applicable to chemical 9 petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food industries.
For carrying out rapid liquid-phase exothermic reactions, distillation, concentration and evaporation of thermally unstable substances under vacuum, and evaporation at atmospheric pressure in a stream of air or inert gas. It can be widely applied to devices.

Many rotary thin-film heat exchange and mass exchange devices have been developed because they are mild in order to perform heat exchange associated with chemical reactions and distillation, evaporation, concentration, and vaporization operations. This is because it is possible to provide conditions and thus to prevent decomposition of the polymerization of the products being treated (especially those that are thermally unstable).

In such equipment, the processing process is carried out in a thin layer, the liquid is well stirred, and there is virtually no static pressure due to the liquid column in the equipment, so the product can be processed under vacuum. (i.e., lowering the temperature in the device), and furthermore,
The residence time of the product in these devices is extremely short compared to other types of devices, only a few seconds, thus minimizing thermal effects on the product.

The special features of the rotary thin film device are its strong heat exchange and mass exchange capabilities and short product residence time.

Such devices are used as evaporators 9 reactors and vaporizers.

In previously developed rotary thin film devices, a thin film of liquid is created on the heat exchange surface of the device by rotor blades fixed to the drive shaft and spaced 1-2 mm from the main body (German patent 1029642). No., Category 12a.

2 (April 30, 1958), West German Patent No. 971974
No. 12a, 2 (April 23, 1959); see U.S. Pat. No. 2,596,086, Class 159-6 (May 6, 1959).

However, these devices are difficult to manufacture and operate due to the complex design, the small gap between the body wall and the rotor blades, and the thermal deformation of the rotor and body. The heat exchange surface is limited due to dynamic balancing requirements, etc., and furthermore, these devices are sensitive to thermal loads on the liquid.

The rotary thin-film evaporator that was developed later created a thin film of liquid on the heat exchange surface of the device using rotor blades that were swingably attached to the drive shaft and slid along the inner surface of the device body. However, the problem of widening the heat exchange surface remained unsolved (UK Patent No. 923884, Classification 32 B (19
April 8, 1963), British Patent No. 918922, Classification 32
B (December 12, 1962)).

Furthermore, in addition to undesirable wear of the blades and rotor, direct contact between the rotor blades and the heat exchanger can lead to contamination of the product.
Additionally, the presence of the blades rubbing against the body requires careful handling and polishing of the body surface, and further requires that the rotor blades be made of a wear-resistant material with a low coefficient of friction.

The problem of enlarging the heat exchange surface was partially solved in the later development of a rotating thin film device of simple construction.

The device has a vertical body encased within a jacket with a heat exchange surface, a space within the jacket communicating with an inlet of a heat transfer medium into the device, and a rotor shaft within the body. is placed, said shaft holding a hollow drum with corrugated walls, said walls having a number of holes for discharging liquid onto said heat exchange surface (USSR Inventor Certificate No. 233921, Classification B).
011/100 (September 29, 1965)).

The main drawbacks of this device are the limited heat exchange surface and the fixed residence time of the reactants in the device, which ultimately results in insufficient heat and mass exchange efficiency. It is a certain thing.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a rotary thin film device that can increase heat exchange capacity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a rotary thin film device that can increase mass exchange capacity.

The rotary thin film device according to the present invention has a vertical body placed in a jacket, a heat medium circulates in the space in the jacket, the body has a heat exchange surface, and the body has a heat exchange surface. A rotor shaft is placed, said shaft holding a hollow drum having a corrugated wall, in said wall having a number of holes made therein for discharging liquid onto said heat exchange surface; teeth,
The heat exchange surface is formed by a number of truncated cones joined one after the other in opposite directions at the upper and lower ends of each.

Due to the above structure of the heat exchange surface, the area of the heat exchange surface is
The device can be approximately three times larger without having to increase its diameter and height.

Furthermore, by making the heat exchange surfaces from cones with different angles of inclination, it is possible to provide a relatively wide range of residence times of the product in the device.

It is desirable that the upper and lower ends of the cone be rounded, and that the joint between them forms a semicircle in the axial cross section.The shape of the upper and lower ends allows liquid to flow from the surface of the upper cone to the surface of the lower cone. The flow can be smoothed, and furthermore, the fabrication of the device body can be simplified.

Another feature of the invention is that a horizontal ring is provided surrounding the body at the joint of the larger end of the cone, and an opening is provided in each of the rings, further providing a movement path for the heat transfer medium. A vertical partition is provided in front of each of the openings along the vertical axis, the openings being displaced one after the other, so that the heating medium rises in the jacket in successive circular movements.

The abovementioned horizontal rings with openings (partitions) and vertical partitions in the gap between the body and the jacket ensure good circulation of the coolant (heating medium) and a high heat transfer coefficient.

Examples will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The rotary membrane device according to the invention (Figs. 1 to 6) has a vertical body 1 placed in a jacket 2 and in a space 3 between 1 and 2 (Fig. 1.3.5). The heating medium circulates (along the dashed arrow).

The body 1 has a heat exchange surface 4 in which is placed the shaft 5 of a rotor carrying a hollow drum 6, which drum 6 is surrounded by corrugated walls 7.
The wall 7 has a number of holes 8 for the outlet of the liquid treated on the heat exchange surface 4 of the body 1.

The tubes 9 and 10 serve respectively to supply and discharge the heat medium.

In the present invention, the heat exchange surface 4 of the main body 1 is formed by a number of truncated cones 13 joined in opposite directions one after another, and these cones 13 (Fig. 7) have their bases (top and bottom) both ends)
11 and 12, the bases 11 and 12 are rounded, so that the connecting portion is semicircular in axial cross section.

In order to demonstrate the technical benefits and wide applicability of the present invention, several types of rotary thin film apparatuses are described below, namely evaporation for distillation, concentration and evaporation of thermally unstable substances under vacuum. Vaporizers: Vaporizers for vaporization in a stream of air or inert gas at atmospheric pressure, and Reactors for carrying out rapid liquid-phase exothermic chemical reactions.

The heat carrier used is heated steam in the case of evaporators and vaporizers, and a coolant such as water in the case of reactors.

This type of device can be made in multiple stages depending on the processing capacity, in which case a circular collector 14 ( Section 1.3.
5), and furthermore, a groove (trough) 15 is provided below the circular collector 14 for feeding the liquid into the drum 6 in the lower stage.

In the rotary thin film evaporator shown in FIG. 1, the drum 6 is fixed to rings 16 and 17 of hubs 18 and 19 fixed to the shaft 5 by means of bands and screws (not shown).

The tube 20 serves to supply the liquid to be treated onto the drum 6.

A ring 16 is provided at the upper end of each drum and has a rim 22 to direct the liquid to be treated to the corrugated wall 21 (FIG. 2) of the drum 6.
It plays the role of being distributed on the inner surface of the body.

A cylindrical ring 23 with a toothed lower end 24 is attached to the body 1 above the ring 16.

The cylinder 25 has a number of tubes 26 extending radially from its bottom.
The tube 26 serves to distribute the supplied liquid onto the inner surface of the cylindrical ring 23 , the cylinder 25 being attached to the shaft 5 inside the ring 23 .

Attached to the wall of the cylinder 25 are inclined vanes 27 having upwardly bent ends 28 for separating the liquid (being treated) from the vapor stream (generated by evaporation). play a role.

Above and below the wing 27, opposite the end 28, rings 29 and 30 are attached to the main body 1, and between the rings 29 and 30 a baffle 31 is attached vertically.

A centrifugal separator 32 (FIG. 2) is installed between each two drums 6, which is made in the form of a number of vanes 33 placed vertically along the circumference and separated. It serves to transport the liquid onto the ring 16 of the drum 6 below.

The vanes 33 are fixed at their ends in the hubs 18 and 19 of each adjacent drum 6 and have a curved shape in cross-section;
It has an inwardly bent outer end 34 (FIG. 2).

The ring 17 of the lower hub 19 covers the space 35 in each drum 6 from below, and the ring 16 of the upper hub 18 covers the space 35 in each drum 6 from below.
The inner space 35 is covered from above, so that vapor flow (due to evaporation) can only enter the space 35 from between the vanes 33 of the centrifugal separators 32 of each stage.

The space 35 in the lowermost drum 6 is separated from the annular space between this drum and the body 1 by a lock 36, said lock 36 intersects with a cylindrical body 37 attached to the body 1 and in the lowermost drum 6. Formed in combination with a lower ring 40, the cylindrical body 37 has a ring 38 on its upper part, the ring 38 has a tab 39 along its inner circumference, and the lower ring 40 has a rim 41 along its outer circumference. have

The tube (outlet) 42 serves to discharge the treated product and the tube (outlet) 43 serves to discharge the secondary steam (evaporated steam) from the upper and lower parts of the apparatus.

This evaporator operates as follows.

The liquid to be treated flows from the tube 20 into the cylinder 25 and when the rotor is rotated, the liquid is thrown from the radial tube 26 of the cylinder 25 in the form of a jet onto the inner surface of the cylindrical ring 23. , the liquid then flows evenly as a thin film onto the ring 16 of the upper drum 6.

The liquid is then thrown from the ring 16 onto the inner surface of the hollow corrugated drum 6 under the influence of centrifugal force, distributed over the protrusions of the corrugated wall 21 into separate vertical streams, and under the influence of gravity into the drum 6. It flows freely down to holes 8 provided at various heights.

The liquid stream is then thrown from the hole 8 onto the heat exchange surface 4 of the body 1, where it forms a downwardly directed thin film, which is constantly disturbed by the liquid stream, and from the surface of the truncated cone 13 is rounded off. It flows successively via the bases 11 and 12 onto the surface of the cone 13 below.

A portion of this liquid evaporates on the heat exchange surface 4 and the unevaporated liquid flows into the circular collector 14 and from there via the groove 15 to the ring 16 of the drum 6 below.

The concentrated solution is removed through tube 42.

Since the space inside the drum 6 is covered by the hub 18, 19, the steam generated by the evaporation of the liquid passes through the centrifugal separator 32 and enters the drum 6, and after being separated by the blades 27, it flows into the upper pipe. 43 or flow downwards and be discharged from the lower tube 43.

The liquid separated by the vanes 33 of the centrifugal separator 32 flows onto the ring 16 of the drum 6 after being collected in the vertical bend of the end 34 of the vane 33, and the liquid separated by the vanes 27 flows into the main body. 1, the ring 29 and the body 1
It flows down onto the heat exchange surface 4 of the main body 1 through a gap (not shown) between the two.

Rotary thin film vaporizer shown in Figure 3
In this case, the drum 6 is attached at both ends to a ring drive of a tray for distributing the liquid on the inner surface of the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6, and to a blind hub 45 fixed to the shaft 5, with the above-mentioned mounting This is done with a band and screw (not shown).

The above-mentioned tray for distributing the liquid to be vaporized is attached to each drum 6.
a cylindrical container 4 attached to the upper end of the
The end of the cylindrical container 46 is made in the form of a concentric ring 44, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of 46.

This forms a vertical concentric layer of liquid under the ring 44, which flows out evenly from the entire inner circumference of the ring 44 and is then distributed in the form of a thin film over the surface of the ring 44, after which It is thrown onto the inner surface of the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6.

The tube 47 serves to supply the liquid to be vaporized onto the drum 6.

A horizontal ring 48 is mounted on the drum 6 in a position opposite to the joining place of the larger base (end) 13 of the cone 13, the horizontal ring 48 directing the flow of the gas phase over the entire surface of the heat exchange surface 4 ( i.e., a flow of air or inert gas) and ensure separation of the vapor and gas mixture.

A cone 49 is provided below the lowermost drum 6;
is the annular gap 50 between the outer surface of the drum 6 and the heat exchange surface 4
It serves to distribute air evenly.

Mounted on the shaft 5 above the uppermost drum 6 is a bushing 51 to which is mounted an inclined vane 27 with a bent end 28, thus facilitating the separation of droplets from the steam-gas stream. It will be done.

Above and below the wing 27, a ring 3 is provided opposite the end 28.
0 and 29 are provided, and a baffle 31 is vertically mounted between the rings 29 and 30.

The tubes 52, 53, 54 serve, respectively, to discharge the collected solution, to supply air, and to discharge air.

This rotary thin film vaporizer operates as follows.

The solution to be vaporized is sent to a cylindrical container 46 through a tube 47, and when the rotor is rotated, the liquid is evaporated by centrifugal force.
The wall of this container 46 rises to form a vertical concentric layer of liquid under the ring 44, which then flows out from the entire inner circumference of the ring 44 and spreads evenly over the surface of the ring 44 in the form of a thin layer. The liquid is then thrown from the outer periphery of the ring 44 onto the inner surface of the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6, where the liquid is divided into separate vertical streams among the protrusions of the corrugated wall 21 and is affected by the influence of gravity. It flows freely down to the holes 8 provided at various heights in the drum 6 and is then thrown from the holes 8 onto the heat exchange surface 4 where it flows downwards under constant agitation by the jet of liquid. It forms a thin film which flows successively from the surface of the truncated cone 13 through the rounded bases 11 and 12 onto the surface of the cone 13 below.

A portion of this liquid evaporates on the heat exchange surface 4, and the unevaporated liquid flows into the circular collector 14 and from there via the groove 15 to the ring 44 of the drum 6 below, whereupon the cycle continues. repeated.

The unevaporated liquid flows into the circular collector 14 and from there via the groove 15 onto the ring 44 of the drum below.

The vaporized solution is discharged through tube 52, and the air stream supplied through tube 53 flows over the horizontally placed ring 48 and rises, contacting the entire heat exchange surface, until it reaches the separator blades 2.
After passing through 7, it is discharged through tube 54.

In the rotary thin film reactor shown in FIG.
serve to supply the different reactants onto the drum 6.

A ring 57 is attached to the upper end of each drum 6, which serves to distribute one reactant coming from the tube 55 onto the inner surface of the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6.

Ring 57 has a rim 58 (FIG. 6) along its periphery, and rim 58 has a number of vertical slits 59.

The truncated cone 60 acts as an inner rim and is inserted into the inner circumference of the ring 57, with the lower part of the truncated cone 60 being placed below the ring 57.

Below the ring 57 is placed a tray 46 which transfers the other reactant coming from the tube 56 to the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6.
It plays the role of being distributed on the inner surface of the body.

Said tray has a recess consisting of a cylindrical container 46 attached to the shaft 5, the upper end of said container 46 being connected to a concentric ring 44.
The inner diameter of the concentric non-shave is smaller than the inner diameter of the container 46.

Further, a gap is formed between the inner diameter of the concentric ring 44 and the truncated cone 60.

Thus, when the concentric ring 44 is rotated, a vertical concentric layer of liquid is formed under the ring 44 due to centrifugal force;
This liquid flows out evenly from the entire inner periphery of the non-shave through the gap with the truncated cone 60 and is then distributed in the form of a thin film on the surface of the ring sill before being applied to the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6. Thrown on the inside.

The ring 44 has a rim 61 along its periphery, and the rim 6
1 has a large number of vertical slits 62, the slits 62 are
They are placed at alternate positions with respect to the slits 59 described above.

The drums 6 are fitted with tray rings 44 at their ends.
It is attached to the ring 63 of the hub 19 fixed to the shaft 5 with a band and a screw (not shown).

In this example, a circular collector 14 is provided between each stage of the apparatus for draining liquid from the heat exchange surface 4 of the upper stage.

Below each concentrator 4 there is a groove 15 for overflow and for feeding one reaction case to the drum 6 below, another groove 64 for feeding the other reactant. play a role.

Pipe 65 serves to discharge the finished product from the reactor.

In the present invention, a horizontal ring 66 is provided in the space 3 of the jacket 2, which surrounds the body 1 at the junction of the larger base 11 of the cone 13, and each ring 6
6 has an opening (hole) 67 (FIG. 6), and the opening 67 is shifted in position for each adjacent ring 66.

Furthermore, a vertical partition 68 is provided in the space 3 in front of each opening 67 in the direction of movement of the coolant (heat medium).

Inner surface of jacket 2, ring 66 and outer heat exchange surface 4
form a divided circular space 69 (FIG. 5), which serves to guide the flow of the heating medium in a circular manner (along the dashed arrow) and from the lower space 69 to the next upper one. space 6
It serves as a way to gradually advance to the 9th grade.

This rotary thin film reactor operates as follows.

Two reactants which react with each other are fed into the drum 6 via pipes 55 and 56.

A reactant is fed from a tube 55 to the rotating ring 57 and distributed in the form of a thin film on the surface of the rotating ring 57 and then from a slit 59 in the rim 58 onto the inner surface of the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6. It is thrown there and divided into individual perpendicular streams on the protrusions of the corrugated wall 21.

Other reactants are supplied to the cylindrical container 46 from a tube 56;
Due to the action of centrifugal force, a vertical concentric layer of liquid is formed under the ring 44, which flows out evenly from the entire inner circumference of the ring and is then distributed in the form of a thin film on the surface of the ring 44. It is then thrown from the outer circumference of the ring 44 through the slit 62 in the rim 61 onto the inner surface of the corrugated wall 21 of the drum 6, where it is thrown onto the protrusion (of the corrugated wall 21) for the first reactant. distributed in adjacent protrusions.

The first and second reactants flow down by gravity to the holes 8 without mixing and are then thrown onto the heat exchange surface 4.

Both reactants are mixed directly on the heat exchange surface 4, so that the possibility of overheating in the case of exothermic reactions (even if only slight) can be eliminated.

On the heat exchange surface 4, the flow of reactant forms a downwardly directed thin film, constantly disturbed by the jet of liquid, from the surface of the truncated cone 13 to the rounded bases 11 and 12. It then flows one after another to the surface of the cone 13 below.

The liquid that has passed through the first stage is collected in the movement path in a concentrator 14, from where it is sent via the groove 15 onto the ring 57 of the lower drum 6, and then in the first stage. Similarly, it is again distributed on the heat exchange surface 4.

The additional supply of one of the two reactants from the groove 64 can be made to any stage below the second stage.

The reaction product is discharged from the apparatus through pipe 65.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a thin film evaporator according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG.
A vertical cross-sectional view of the vaporizer according to the present invention, FIG. 4, is the I of FIG.
5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the reactor according to the present invention, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the VI-VI line of FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the reactor according to the present invention. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a heat exchange surface formed by a number of oppositely oriented truncated cones joined at their upper and lower ends; FIG. 1... Body, 2... Jacket, 3.
...Space, 4...Heat exchange surface, 11.12
...The base of the cone, that is, the upper and lower ends, 13...
・Cone, 66...Horizontal ring, 67...
- Opening, 68... Vertical bulkhead.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. a vertical hollow body having a heat exchange surface formed by joining a number of truncated cones in opposite directions one after the other at the upper and lower ends of each; a corrugated wall disposed coaxially and rotatably within said body; a cylindrical hollow drum having a plurality of holes for discharging liquid; a rotor shaft fitted into the hollow drum; a rotor shaft fitted into the rotor shaft and slightly below the upper end of the hollow drum; a disc-shaped ring disposed in a hollow drum located at a lower position; a jacket disposed around the main body and forming a space for circulating a heat medium between the main body; a liquid supply pipe inserted into the main body so as to extend to a position above the drum; a discharge pipe attached to the main body to discharge the treated fluid; a heat medium circulating in the space between the main body and the jacket. A rotary thin film device comprising: a heat medium supply pipe and a discharge pipe. 2. The rotary thin film device according to claim 1, wherein the joining portions of the upper and lower ends of the cone form a semicircle in the axial cross section. 3. A horizontal ring is provided surrounding the body at the joint of the larger end of the cone, and an aperture is provided in each of the rings, furthermore, an opening is provided in the aperture along the movement path of the heat transfer medium. The rotary type according to claim 1, wherein a vertical partition is provided in front, and the openings are successively displaced, so that the heating medium rises through the jacket in successive circular movements. Thin film device.