JPS59129331A - Combustor of gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the reliability of a gas turbine by a method wherein the combustion flame is prevented from being fmed unsymmetrically and consequently avert the burn-out of a combustor. CONSTITUTION:Cover pipes 40a and 40b are provided within a compressed air passage 17 formed between the inner tube 6 and outer tube 16 of a combustor so as for the compressed air in the compressed air passage 17 not to be introduced through an ignition plug hole 24 and a flame detection hole 25 and consequently to reduce the amount of air introduced. In addition, annular straightening vanes 32 are insertedly provided in the compressed air passage 17 so as to close the passage 17. The vanes 32 consists of a plurality of tubular plates concentrically arranged at proper intervals between one another. Said intervals are varied with locations or at the upper half 35 and at the lower half 34 and the intervals at the upper half 35 side is narrower than those at the lower half 34 side. Due to the structure just mentioned above, the amount of compressed air introduced in the inner tube 6 of the combustor is balanced, resulting in preventing combustion flame 23 from being formed unsymmetrically. Consequently, not only the amount of air introduced in the inner tube 6 of the combustor is uniformized, but also the wall surface is uniformly cooled, resulting in preventing the unsymmetrical burn-out from occurring.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a gas turbine combustor, and in particular, to a gas turbine combustor suitable for preventing a combustion fire occurring in the combustion section of an inner cylinder of the combustor. Concerning vessels.

[Prior art]

Gas turbines are becoming hotter and more efficient, and the gas turbine inlet temperature, ie, the combustor outlet temperature, is becoming higher. In combustors exposed to such high-temperature operating conditions, the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in exhaust gas is prevented from the viewpoint of preventing air pollution.

From the viewpoint of improving the strength and reliability of gas turbines, it is necessary to prevent combustion fire oscillations due to variations in combustion fires, and to prevent resonance by matching the natural frequency of the combustor hardware with the combustion oscillation frequency. Due to the above requirements, conventional gas turbine combustors supply a large amount of air to the combustion zone to perform low-temperature lean combustion to reduce the NOx value, and to reduce combustion vibration. Slow combustion methods have been implemented in which a large amount of fuel is combusted by introducing a large amount of air into it without rapidly cooling the area. As above,
Since a large amount of air is introduced, as will be explained later, the air flow is uneven in the combustor, resulting in uneven combustion and fire, causing local heating of the combustor and causing burnout. . As a result, it became a problem as it could lead to a serious accident.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, compressed air 5 from the compressor 1 is introduced from the compressor outlet 14 into the outer cylinder 16 of the gas turbine combustor 3 (hereinafter referred to as combustor). Outer cylinder 1
6 is formed from a closed body, and a combustor inner cylinder 6 is provided inside the closed body. A combustion nozzle 7 is provided at the closed end 21 of the combustor inner cylinder 6, and a transition piece 15 is connected to the open end in the opposite direction. The transition piece 15 is installed inside the outer cylinder 16, and the discharged combustion gas 9 is sent to the gas turbine 2 to drive the load section 4. A large number of air holes 13 are formed through the combustor inner cylinder 6 . The introduced compressed air passes through the current compressed air passage 17 formed between the outer cylinder 16 and the combustor inner cylinder 6.
It passes through and is ejected inside from the air hole 13. The fuel 8 sprayed from the combustion nozzle 7 is combusted by the air flows 10a, lla, and 12a, forming a combustion section 10, an unburned auxiliary combustion section 11, a combustion gas temperature dilution cooling section 12, and combustion. The gas 9 is discharged from the transition piece 15 as described above. However, the compressed air introduced into the outer cylinder 16
The compressed air passage 17 is routed from the rear side 18 of the transition piece by detouring around the area 5.
There are two types: those that enter directly from the ventral side of the tail tube 19 without making a detour.

Therefore, a speed difference occurs between the compressed air flow 20a flowing in the compressed air passage 17 on the upper side of the figure and the compressed air flow 20b flowing on the lower side, and a drift occurs in which the compressed air flow 20a becomes faster. Since this drifting flow is brought to the closed end 21 side of the combustor inner cylinder 6, the mixture of fuel and air is not pulled in the upper part 22 of the combustion section 10, and the combustion reaction proceeds. The combustion fire 23 occurs closer to the upper part 22 side. For this reason, the biased υ side of the combustor inner cylinder 6 is heated and may be partially burnt out.Next, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ignition plug hole 24 and fire detection hole 25
is formed through the outer cylinder 16, and an ignition plug 26 and a fire detector 27 are provided at positions facing the outer cylinder 16.

The ignition plug 26 is formed to slide, and the fire detector 27
Since it is necessary to install them in a place where the ambient temperature does not become high, they are both placed on the upper side as shown in the figure. Therefore, since these are arranged on the side of the compressed air flow 20a where the speed is high, the mixing of air and combustion becomes even better, and the combustion fire 23 is further biased toward the upper part 22 side. The attachment parts for the spark plug 26 and the fire detector 27 are usually formed to be compatible, so even if the fire detector 27 is not provided, the fire detection hole 25 is formed and the above-mentioned Similar results occur.

As a result of the above, the combustor inner cylinder 6 is partially burnt out, and the debris enters the gas turbine 2 side, causing a problem that can cause a major accident in which the gas turbine blades etc. are damaged.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to prevent combustion fires from occurring unevenly, avoid burnout of the combustor, and improve the reliability of gas turbines. Our objective is to provide turbine combustors.

[Summary of the invention]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an amount of compressed air introduced into the combustion section from a first air hole including a spark plug hole and a fire detection hole formed near the combustion section of the combustor inner cylinder. and a second air hole formed near the combustion part of the combustor inner cylinder and introducing compressed air in balance with the amount of compressed air introduced from the first air hole, Further, a rectifying means is provided between the combustor inner cylinder and an outer cylinder surrounding it to uniformly rectify the flow, and balances the compressed air flow introduced into the combustion section of the combustor inner cylinder to improve the flow of air within the combustion section. It features a gas turbine combustor configured to uniformly distribute the combustion reaction.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

Without further ado, the outline of this embodiment will be explained.

In FIG. 4, the adjustment means are shown. A cover pipe 40 is installed in the compressed air passage 17 between the combustor inner cylinder 6 and the outer cylinder 16.
a and 40b are provided to prevent the compressed air in the compressed air passage 17 from being introduced into the combustor inner cylinder 6 from the ignition plug hole 24 and the fire detection hole 25, thereby reducing the amount of introduced air.

FIG. 5 shows the second air holes 37a, 37b. An air hole is formed at a position opposite to the ignition plug hole 24 and the fire detection hole 25 to balance the amount of introduced air.

FIG. 6 shows the rectifying means.

An annular baffle plate 32 is inserted into the compressed air passage 17 to close it. As shown in FIG. 7, the rectifying plate 32 is made up of a plurality of cylindrical plates arranged in a 1 u'' circular shape with appropriate gaps between them, and the upper half 35 and lower half 34 are arranged in the above-mentioned manner. The gap in the upper half 350111 is made narrower by changing the gap. Thereby, the velocity of the compressed air flowing through the upper half 35 and the lower half 34 is made uniform and rectified.

With the above configuration, the amount of compressed air introduced into the combustor inner cylinder 6 is balanced, and the combustion fire 23 is prevented from shifting to one side.

This example will be explained in more detail below.

First, one of the adjusting means will be explained with reference to FIG. .

A spark plug 26 and a fire detector 27 arranged in the outer cylinder 16
Cover pipes 40a and 40b are provided straddling the ignition plug hole 24 and fire detection hole 25 formed in the combustor inner cylinder 6. The cover pipes 40a and 40b allow the compressed air from the compressed air passage 17 to flow into the spark plug hole 2.
4 and the fire detection hole 25 into the combustor inner cylinder 6. Therefore, the upper part 22 of the combustor inner cylinder 6
The amount of air from the side is reduced and balance is maintained.

Although not shown, a number of air holes containing these are formed in the vicinity of the ignition plug hole 24 and the fire detection hole 25 of the combustor inner cylinder 6, and the above-mentioned first air hole 28 (6th
shown in the figure).

By appropriately reducing the shape and dimensions of the first air hole 28, the means for adjusting the amount of air introduced from the air holes other than the first air hole 28 can also achieve the same effect. can.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the second air hole.

Air holes 37a and 37b of section 2 are formed on the same center line facing the ignition plug hole 24 and fire detection hole 25 of the combustor inner cylinder 6. The compressed air from this second air hole balances the compressed air from the ignition plug hole 24 and the fire detection hole 25.

Further, the second air holes 37a and 37b are not limited to the above, but air holes of appropriate sizes are provided at appropriate positions in the combustor inner cylinder 6, and adjusted and formed so as to eliminate the deviation of the combustion fire 23. You can also do that.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example of a rectifying means.

An annular baffle plate 32 is inserted in the pressure-pure air passage 17 formed between the outer cylinder 16 and the combustor inner cylinder 6 near the joint 31 between the combustor inner cylinder 6 and the transition cylinder 15. , compressed air passage 17
is closed.

As shown in FIG. 7, the flow plate 32 is made up of a plurality of cylindrical plates arranged concentrically at appropriate intervals, and the thickness of the cylindrical plate on the upper half 35 side is equal to the thickness of the lower half 340 cylindrical plates. Make it thicker than the thickness of the board, and add lip 36 to the upper half 35 as appropriate.
It is formed in such a way that the gap on the upper half 35 side is made smaller. Of course, the thickness may gradually change over the entire half 35 and the lower half 34 of the wall.

As described above, as the gap narrows, the flow resistance increases, so the compressed air passages 30 on the upper and lower sides in FIG.
．． 33 air flow is air Mi; 38a, 38b in FIG.
, 39a, 39b (this will form a uniform flow of 7).

The uniform airflow described above not only makes the compressed nitrogen atmosphere introduced into the combustor inner cylinder 6 uniform, but also uniformizes the cooling of the wall surface of the combustor inner cylinder 6, and the one arm is effective in preventing the phenomenon. It will be done.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, the effects of removing debris from a combustion fire, avoiding burnout of the combustor, improving its internal life, and improving the reliability of the gas turbine are achieved. is raised.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a conventional gas turbine combustor and the state of fire formation, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of fire formation, and Figure 3 is a cross-section taken along the line ■-■ in Figure 2. 4 is a sectional view showing the adjustment means of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the second imaginary hole of an embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the adjustment means of an embodiment of the invention. 7 is a plan view of the rectifying plate shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is an explanatory sectional view showing the state of air flow by the rectifying means shown in FIG. 6. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Compressor, 2... Gas turbine, 3... Gas turbine combustor, 4... Load part, 5... Compressed air,
6... Combustor inner cylinder, 7... Combustion nozzle, 8... Fuel, 9... Combustion gas, 10... Combustion part, 11...
Unburned auxiliary combustion section, 12... Combustion gas temperature dilution cooling section, i
oa, xia, i2a...air flow, 13...air hole, 14...compressor outlet, 15...¥ cylinder, 16...
Outer cylinder, 17... compressed air passage, 18... tail tube back side,
19... Joint tube ventral side, 20 a, 20 b... Compressed air flow, 21... Closed end, 22... Upper part, 23...
- Combustion fire, 24... Spark plug hole, 25... Fire detector, 26... Spark plug, 27... Fire detector, 28.
...First air hole, 30...Upper side compression cavity passage, 3
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Joint part, 32... Current plate, 33... Lower side compressed air passage, 34... Lower half, 35... Upper half,
36...rib, 37a. 37 b--Second air hole, 38a, 38b, 39a
. 39b...air flow, 40a, 40b...cover vibe. Agent: Patent Attorney Masamikan Akimoto (Country 3, No. 20, Hayashi 3, Kyogen 47, Megka)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An outer cylinder into which compressed air is introduced, an air hole installed inside the outer cylinder across a compressed air passage and communicating with the inside, and a combustion nozzle on the closed end side of the outer cylinder. a combustor inner cylinder in which the
A transition piece is provided in the outer cylinder, connected to the open side of the combustor inner cylinder, and communicates with the gas turbine; A gas turbine combustor comprising an ignition plug hole and a fire detection hole that engage a disposed spark plug and a fire detector,
an adjusting means for adjusting the amount of compressed air introduced into the combustion section from the first air hole including the spark plug hole and the fire detection hole formed near the combustion section of the combustor inner cylinder; formed near the combustion part of the combustor inner cylinder,
a second air hole for introducing compressed air that is in balance with the amount of compressed air supplied from the first air hole, and the compressed air passage is provided with compressed air flowing through the compressed air passage A gas turbine combustor characterized by a rectifying means for uniformly rectifying the speed of the gas turbine. 2. The adjusting means is comprised of a cover pipe installed in the compressed air passageway over the ignition plug and fire detector, and the ignition plug hole and fire detection hole that engage with these. A gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. Claim 1, wherein the second air hole is formed from an air hole opened on the same center line facing the ignition plug hole and the fire detection hole. Gas turbine combustor described in. 4. The rectifying means is formed of an annular body that is inserted into the compressed air passage by closing it, and has a plurality of cylindrical plates arranged concentrically with appropriate gaps between them, and widens or narrows the gaps of the annular body as appropriate. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas turbine combustor is configured to be formed as follows.