JPS59124539A - Device for fitting and removing tool to and from attachment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To fit and remove a tool to and from an attachment in an optional position thereof within a short time, by providing a spring for urging a tool holding collet to keep it in a closed posture and by providing a means for switching the opening and closing of the collet in conjunction with the vertical movement of a spindle. CONSTITUTION:To replace a tool, a quill 2 in a spindle head 1 is first moved down by a prescribed distance to push down a spindle 7, an adapter 6 and an internal gear 14 and a first piston 28 is then pushed down. As a result, the pressure in the cylinder chamber 40 for the piston 28 rises and a pressurized fluid is sent to the left-hand chamber 30a of a second cylinder 30 through a manifold 42 to move a piston 29 rightward against a spring 32. When a pulling bar 24 is pushed rightward by the piston 29 against a plate spring 26, the tip of a collet 23 is opened to unlock a tool 22. After that, the tool 22 is pulled out by an automatic exchanger or a human hand so that the tool is separated from an attachment spindle 19.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to an attachment tool attachment/detachment device.

The conventional automatic tool exchange method for attachments is to install a suppression device at the tool exchange origin position to open the tool gripping collet in the attachment spindle; The device was connected to the attachment, the suppression device was activated, the collet was opened, and the tool was attached and detached. In addition, if the automatic exchange system is not used, the shaft for attaching and removing the tool is a screw type, and the shaft must be screwed in manually to open the tip of the collet.

As described above, the automatic exchange system requires a separate device for attaching and removing tools externally, and automatic exchange is possible only at the tool exchange origin position. Furthermore, it is difficult to attach and detach tools with special shapes that cannot be stored in the tool magazine of an automatic tool changer. Furthermore, in the case of a manual method, it usually requires more than 2 Å of human labor, which takes a lot of time.

The present invention eliminates the problems described in 1). Not only can automatic tool changers be used to automatically attach and detach tools, but also special tools can be attached and detached from any position on the attachment in a short time. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic tool changer for attachments that can be changed.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. First, the outline of the machining machine of the present invention will be explained based on FIGS. A cylindrical attachment clamp sill 3 is installed on the outer periphery, and the main body 5 of the attachment 4 is firmly clamped by the clamp sill 3. Also, as shown in FIG. An adapter 6 is fitted into a tapered hole 8 of a main shaft 7 rotatably mounted within the quill 2, and a tip gripping portion 9 of the adapter 6 is tension-held by a cholera 10 installed within the main shaft 7. ing.

Furthermore, the drive key 11 installed at the end of the spindle is connected to the adapter 6.
It is inserted into a keyway 13 formed in the 7 flange 12. An internal gear 14 is fixed to the lower surface of the 7 flange 12 of the swallower 6, and the teeth of the internal gear 14 are coaxial with the axis A of the main shaft 7. It meshes with an external gear 17 fixed to the upper part of 1G. An attachment main shaft 19 is rotatably supported on a bearing 18 in a direction perpendicular to the main shaft axis A at the lower part of the attachment main body 5, and a second bevel gear 20 is installed on the outer periphery of the attachment main shaft 19. A first bevel gear 21 that is fitted and fixed to the lower end of the shaft 16 is engaged with the shaft 16 . In this state, the main shaft rotates 70 times,
Drive key 11, adapter 6, internal gear 14, external gear 1
7. It is transmitted to the transmission shaft 16, the first bevel gear 21, and the second bevel gear 20, and the attachment main shaft 19 is rotated.

The attachment main shaft 19 is formed into a cylindrical shape, and a collet 23 for gripping the tool 22 is housed in the shaft center thereof, and a drawbar 24 for supporting the collet 23 is housed so as to be movable in the axial direction.

As shown in FIG. 4, the collet 23 has elasticity in the vertical opening direction, and its tip gripping portion 23a contacts the small diameter portion 25a at the front of the central hole 25 of the attachment main shaft 19 in the closed position a, and the collet 23 is elastic in the vertical opening direction. posture)], it is configured to expand by its own elasticity to the medium diameter portion 251] on the front side of the small diameter portion 2Sa.

The tool attachment/detachment device B according to the present invention includes the collet 2
The collet 23 is closed against the spring 26 by utilizing a disc-shaped spring 26 that externally holds the drawbar 24 and the fret 23 and the lowering of the main shaft 7 in order to bias the collet 23 toward the closed position. It is equipped with a switching means 27 that operates to switch from the posture a to the open posture.

That is, the switching means 27 includes a first piston 28 that moves up and down with the internal gear 14, and a second piston 29 that is disposed coaxially with the axis of the drawbar 24 at the rear end of the drawbar 24. 30, and a hydraulic circuit 31 for moving the second piston 29 in the axial direction by raising and lowering the second piston 28.

Further, a coil spring 32 is inserted into the outer circumference of the shaft portion of the second piston 29 inside the cylinder 30, and is configured to constantly press the second piston 29 to the side opposite to the drawbar 24 (to the left in the figure). There is. Further, the first piston 28 is
It is mounted between the outer circumferential portion of the internal gear 14 with seven flange 14a fixed to the lower surface of the adapter 6 and the inner circumferential surface of the attachment body 5. A plate 33 is installed on the top surface of the first piston 28 so as to sandwich the outer circumference of the seventh flange 14a of the internal gear 14, and slides between the plate 33 and the top surface of the seventh flange 14a of the internal gear 14. bearing 34
is interposed so as not to impede the rotation of the internal gear 14 when the main shaft is driven. Therefore, the first piston 28 is suspended from the seventh flange 14a of the internal gear 14. The bearing sleeve 15 bearing the transmission shaft 16 is installed at the lower part of the first piston 28.
The upper cylindrical portion of the bearing sleeve 15 is connected to the first piston 2.
7 cylinder part 1 of the sleeve 15.
5a is fixed to the receptacle seat 35 of the attachment body 5, and the first piston 2 is mounted on the upper surface of the cylinder portion 15a.
An id pin 36 that fits into a pin hole 37 on the lower surface of the holder 8 is fixed.

A space formed by the first piston 28, the outer circumferential surface of the bearing receiving leaf '15, the upper surface of the seventh flange ISa, and the inner circumferential surface of the attachment body serves as a cylinder chamber 40 of the first cylinder 39. A fluid main outflow tender 41 is bored in the attachment main body 5 so as to communicate with the cylinder chamber 40, and the inlet/outlet hole 41 connects a conduit 43 in a manifold 42 installed close to the second cylinder 30 at the rear of the attachment. Through the cylinder cover 4 of the second cylinder 30
It communicates with the left ventricle 30a on the third side. Furthermore, an L-shaped hole 44 is provided in the first piston 28 to form the first sill chamber 4.
0 and a horizontal hole 45 bored in the attachment body 5, and the horizontal hole /L5 is formed to communicate with the manifold 42.
It is connected to a replenishment tank 47 at its upper part via a pipe line 46 inside. The right chamber 30b of the second cylinder 30 is communicated with a replenishment tank 47 via a pipe 48 in a manifold 42, and a relief valve 50 is connected to a pipe 49 connecting the pipe 48 and the pipe 43. It is set up.

A valve holding hole 51 is formed in the upper surface of the tank portion 15a of the bearing sleeve 15, and an auxiliary valve 52 is fitted into the holding hole 39, and a spring is inserted between the bottom of the valve and the bottom of the holding hole 39. 53 is interposed so that it can freely move up and down. A seal 54 is fitted around the outer periphery of the narrow diameter portion 52a at the second end of the auxiliary valve 52, and an L-shaped hole 55 communicating the cylinder chamber 40 and the L-shaped hole 44 is formed inside.

Accordingly, the hydraulic circuit 31 includes a conduit 4.3 connecting the replenishment tank 47, the first cylinder 39 and the second cylinder 30.
, 46, 48, 49, relief valve 50, and auxiliary valve 5
It consists of 2nd class. In addition, 56 is the second Niji Linda 30
57 is a bolt that fixes the tank 4q and the manifold 42, and 58 is a tank level gauge.

Next, the effect will be explained. Figure 3 shows the attachment main shaft 19.
It is a figure in which a tool 22 is attached to. From this state, tool 22
To explain the working conditions when replacing the quill, first, the quill 2 in the main shaft @1 is lowered by a certain distance. Then, from the lowering of the quill 2, the main shaft 7, the adapter 6, the internal gear 14
is pushed down, and the first piston 28 is also pushed down.

Therefore, the cylinder chamber 40 on the lower surface of the first screw Fn 28
The pressure increases and the fluid is sent through the manifold 42 into the left chamber 30a of the second ring 3 () on the cylinder cover 43 side. And that fluid) king in the 30th
The second piston 29 is moved to the right against the inner fill spring 32. Due to this movement of the second piston 29, the right shaft end of the second piston 29 comes into contact with the cut end surface of the drawbar 24, and furthermore, due to the increase in fluid pressure, the drawbar 2
71, and the drawbar
Push 24 to the right. This movement of the drawbar 211 causes the tip of the collet 23 to loosen its grip on the opening tool 22. Then, the tool 22 is removed from the pull-out attachment main shaft 19 by an automatic tool changer or manually.

Next, when a tool is to be attached, an automatic tool changer or a manual tool is inserted into the attachment spindle 19.

When the quill 21 is raised at the time of loading, the first piston 28 is also forcibly raised, and the pressure inside the shilling chamber 40 is reduced. Therefore, No. 30
Second piston 2 inside! ] moves the two second pistons to the left by the spring 32. With this movement of the second piston,
Due to the force of the disc spring of the drawbar 24, the drawbar 24 moves 1ltl+1 to the left, and the tip of the collet 23 touches the tool 2.
Grasp the grip part 2 and firmly fix the tool.

Next, the hydraulic circuit will be explained. When the first piston 28 descends a small amount, the auxiliary valve 52 contracts and the L-shaped hole 44 of the first piston 28 is removed from the horizontal hole 45 of the attachment body 5, the tip of the hole 44 is closed, and the replenishment tank 47 is closed. The circuit with the inside of the first cylinder chamber 40 is closed. When the first piston 28 continues to descend further, the pressure in the first cylinder chamber 40 increases, and the working fluid passes through the inlet 41 of the attachment body 5 and the conduit 43 of the manifold 42 to the sill cover side of the second cylinder 30. The liquid flows into the left chamber of the body and operates the second piston 29.

When the working fluid pressure further increases due to the lowering of the first piston, the second piston moves further to the right,
It comes into contact with the rear end surface of the drawbar 24 and pushes the drawbar 24 to the right. Therefore, the tip of collet 23 opens,
It becomes possible to attach and detach the tool 22. As the first piston 28 descends, 1) If the pressure increases and exceeds the set pressure, the safety function is to activate the valve 50, which opens the circuit and a portion of the working fluid returns to the replenishment tank 47. . At this time, the working fluid in the right cylinder chamber 30b of the second piston 29 is pushed out and enters the replenishment tank 47.

Next, when installing and fixing a tool, the first piston 28 is raised. Then, the pressure in the first cylinder chamber 40 decreases and the left cylinder chamber 30 of the second cylinder 30 decreases.
The operating pressure of a also decreases. Due to this decrease in the operating pressure, the biasing force of the coil spring 32 exceeds the operating pressure and pushes the second piston 29 back to the left. Therefore, the working fluid in the left cylinder chamber 30a of the second piston 29 is
The cylinder chamber 40 of the first cylinder 39 is pushed out by
Return to On the other hand, the cylinder chamber 30 on the right side of the second piston 29
1] is replenished with working fluid from a replenishment tank 47. Then, at the highest position of the first piston 28, the horizontal hole 15 and the fine hole 44 communicate with each other, and the fluid decreased by the operation of the relief valve 50 is passed from the replenishment tank 47 through the horizontal hole 45 and the fine hole 44 into the first cylinder chamber. Replenish to 40.

In the present invention, the opening operation of the collet can be performed using the ascending motion of the main shaft, instead of using the descending motion of the main shaft as in the first embodiment.

As is clear from the above description, in the present invention, the collet is biased against the spring by using a spring for urging the collet on the attachment main shaft side to the closed position and the rise or fall of the main shaft on the main shaft head side. Since the tool is provided with a switching means for switching from the closed position to the open position, there is an excellent effect that the tool can be changed at any position without using an automatic tool change device at the tool change origin position. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 6 show an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 1 is a side view showing the attached state of the attachment, Figure 2 is its rear view, Figure 3 is a vertical side view, Figure 4 is a sectional view showing the collet in its open/closed state, and Figure 5 is a configuration diagram of the main parts. , FIGS. 6(a), 6(11), and 6(c) are sectional views showing the operating state of the auxiliary valve. 1: Spindle head, 2: Quill, 5: Attachment body, 7
: Main shaft, 14: Internal gear, 16: Transmission shaft, 19: Attachment main shaft, 23: Collet, 24 Ni rover, 27
: switching means, 28: first piston, 29: second piston, 30 Niji ring, 31: hydraulic circuit. Applicant Shin Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. Agent Tsunehisa Nakamura Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 6 (17)

Claims (1)

[Claims] A machine tool in which an attachment is removably attached to the lower surface of a spindle head that supports the spindle so that it can be raised and lowered and rotatably supported, and a collet for tool gripping is installed inside the main body of the spindle head so that it can be switched between a closed position and an open position. , comprising a spring for biasing the collet to the closed position, and a switching means that operates to switch the collet from the open position to the open position against the spring by using the rise or fall of the main shaft. A tool attachment/detachment device for an attachment.