JPS5911169B2 - electromagnetic switch - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an electromagnetic switch having an armature disposed therein, a protective tube configured as a coil frame, and a contact terminal, a coil terminal, and a magnetic pole piece fixed and buried in the coil frame. It is related to vessels.

This type of electromagnetic switch is described in German Patent Publication No. It is known from No. 1909940.

Although it is small, it is highly efficient, and because the contact and winding are separated, the contact is highly reliable.

Furthermore, this switch with switching contacts can be manufactured at low cost.

Despite these favorable features, this relay is not suitable for use with a make contact separated from the back contact or for double opening or closing of a circuit.

Electromagnetic switches with contacts that satisfy the above characteristics are known, for example, from DE 1614943 and US Pat. No. 3,768,051.

This technique discloses a configuration in which a bearingless contact with a sealed contact capsule is disposed between two pairs of fixed contacts.

Permanent magnets are supported in the case on both sides of the contact capsule, so that different magnetic poles face each other and a magnetic path is formed via the armature.

An excitation winding is mounted on the contact capsule between the magnets, which in some cases are arranged in a bridge-back configuration and in some cases are provided with pole pieces.

The known switch has bistable operation and is driven by an impulse current.

However, configurations that require, for example, a case for housing the contact capsule and the magnet have drawbacks, such as being expensive and the contact capsule creating a functionally unnecessary magnetic gap, which results in a relatively low efficiency.

In addition, using a permanent magnet with a closed bridge is expensive to manufacture, and when using this permanent magnet, an excitation winding must be installed; the winding room is limited by the permanent magnet, making it difficult to increase the number of turns. could not.

Therefore, it has been nearly impossible to increase the response sensitivity by increasing or decreasing the number of turns.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic switch which has a simple and compact structure, is easy to manufacture, has a high efficiency and, in addition, exhibits, for example, a monostable switching action.

According to the invention, the armature has two free ends provided with contact material, forming contact chambers on both sides of the protective tube in the coil frame, in which the free ends of the armature are respectively connected to the contact material. A permanent magnet and a magnetic pole piece are attached to the flange of the coil frame, facing a magnetic pole piece end portion provided with contact material, which protrudes from the wall of the contact chamber corresponding to the free end, and is connected to the coil signal wire and the coil axis. The permanent magnet is arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis, and the magnetic direction of the permanent magnet arranged at one end of the armature is set in a different direction from the magnetic direction of the permanent magnet arranged at the other end. , the armature is movable substantially parallel to the coil axis.

By using the coil housing as a protective tube and as a support for the permanent magnets, pole pieces and contacts, all magnetic circuit components are arranged within a very small area, which limits losses to a minimum. An electromagnetic switch with high efficiency can be obtained.

According to the configuration of the present invention, when designing the sizes of the coil and the magnet with respect to the available space, each can be designed completely independently, and the magnetic pole piece is designed to prevent leakage magnetic flux from the coil frame flange near the end face of the coil winding. It is inevitably located in an area with few.

According to a preferred configuration of the present invention, the permanent magnet is disposed between each magnetic pole piece and the ferromagnetic case in a recess formed in the coil frame flange that matches the shape of the permanent magnet.

Since the permanent magnet is formed into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, it can be easily manufactured.

In this example four magnets are used.

A chamber provided to house the plastic coiled permanent magnet is configured to be electrically isolated from the conductive pole piece or case.

In the present invention, when a long and thin plate made of soft iron is used as an armature, for example, the armature can be constructed so that its ends are larger than its center.

With this configuration, a particularly high contact pressure can be obtained. It is also possible to split the enlarged end in order to optionally form a double contact.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the armature is barbed and has a circular cross section, and the corresponding magnetic pole piece is provided with an arcuate recess that substantially matches the shape of the armature.

Alternatively, the armature is rod-shaped and the surface facing the magnetic pole piece is formed as a circularly relaxed convex curved surface, and the magnetic pole piece is provided with a circularly relaxed concave curved surface that matches the convex curved surface.

With this configuration, the armature can be easily adjusted with high contact accuracy. It can be automatically centered with respect to the pole piece.

Since the armature has a certain weight, the armature will be smaller than a flat armature, but this can be approximately compensated for by extending the length of the pole pieces corresponding to the armature in the longitudinal direction. .

If the switch is subjected to strong vibrations, there is a risk that it will be bridged with the magnetic pole piece on the other side via the armature mentioned above. This can be avoided by adjusting the height of the A-bar recess.

In this case, the unsupported movement of the armature is maintained, and it is also avoided that the armature enters the region where the distance between the opposing recessed pole pieces is minimal.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the coil frame consists of two halves made of plastic that can be firmly welded to each other, and that during welding of the two halves of the coil frame, the material deformation is in the welding area under the action of laser or ultrasonic waves. This occurs only in cases where at least one of the two halves of the coil frame is provided with a flat protrusion extending along the plane to be joined, or where the first coil frame half is provided with a flat protrusion extending along the joining surface. The second half has a groove corresponding to the flat edge projection, and an assembly gauge that determines the contact spacing S or the movement width of the armature is used to control the contact material of the pole piece during the bath welding process. The coil body is inserted into both halves of the coil body between the opposing ends with the attached ends.

In this case, the desired contactor travel width or contact gap can be easily and precisely maintained by using an assembly gauge, although the deformation of the parallel protrusions occurs along the contact surface.

Compared to switches bonded by known methods, the assembly gauge allows the various armature travel widths or contact gaps to be determined and to obtain various voltage stability.

In order to increase efficiency, the electromagnetic switch is surrounded by a ferromagnetic case that conducts the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, or a yoke is provided between the coil flange Q and the opposite side of the permanent magnet's magnetic pole piece.

In this case, in order to obtain an electromagnetic switch in which the fixed position of the contact is only on one side, the sum of the magnetic gaps (
Sl+a+84) is approximately twice the sum of the composite gap given to the opposing contact sides by the thickness of the contact material (S2) and the gap between the Mizuku magnet and the case or yoke required for electrical insulation (S3). Just do it like this.

In this case, if the magnetic circuit elements are symmetrical, by using small or weak permanent magnets on the opposing contact sides, it is possible to create a magnetic gap a that causes monostable opening/closing operation.

In the switch with a large number of contacts according to the present invention, two armatures aligned parallel to the coil axis and arranged one behind the other are arranged within the coil frame.

So 2 make contacts and 2 back contacts or 2
In order to avoid faulty operation, the armatures are separated from one another by an insulating wall molded into the coil frame, in which case only one switching contact can be realized in a simple manner.

A single coil is usually provided to operate the armature, but independent operation can be achieved by providing two coils.

A preferred arrangement is to provide mutually adjacent ends of successive armatures with a common permanent magnet and electrically separated pole pieces.

With such a configuration, the number of permanent magnets can be reduced, and a switch with a particularly inexpensive configuration can be obtained.

In addition to arranging the armatures as described above, according to another embodiment of the invention, at least two armatures are provided in the coil frame, juxtaposed parallel to the coil axis.

The operation of the armatures takes place synchronously in this case.

In order to reduce the number of permanent magnets in a pair of contacts compared to a configuration with only a single make and back contact, in this case there is a magnetic field between the armatures juxtaposed in the coil frame, aligned with the coil axis. A permanent magnet may be disposed, and magnetic pole pieces may be arranged on both sides of the permanent magnet, or a guide plate may be embedded between juxtaposed armatures that serves as a magnetic pole piece in the coil frame and is aligned with the coil axis. .

Since the armatures in parallel operate synchronously, they can be electrically isolated and mechanically coupled to each other so that they can move in only two directions, thus preventing armature rotation against strong vibrations. movement can be prevented.

Another aspect of the present invention is to form a recess around the contact terminal or coil terminal on the lower side of the coil frame, and to fill at least a portion of this recess with a poured resin.

This arrangement makes it possible to provide a particularly heat-resistant fixing part for the contact terminals and the coil terminals, so that even if an excessive temperature rise occurs in the terminal group, for example during soldering, the position of the terminals is well maintained.

Furthermore, a case can be provided to seal the electromagnetic switch, and a sealant is filled in the gap between the case and the coil frame.

In this case, the case can be made of ferromagnetic material and can have magnetic shielding and conduction functions at the same time.

Finally, when using a printed circuit, it is preferable to arrange the contact terminals and coil terminals derived from the electromagnetic switch so as to match the so-called 5-way raster.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the figures.

Figures 1, 2, and 3 show cross sections of vastly different parts of an electromagnetic switch in which permanent magnets arranged on the flange of a coil frame are arranged between a magnetic pole piece and a ferromagnetic case. 4 and 5 are enlarged sectional views of alternative implementations of the armature; FIGS. 6 and 7
The figure shows an electromagnetic switch having two armatures each arranged on a coil frame parallel to the coil axis, one behind the other or in parallel.

The switch shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a coil frame 1 configured as a protective tube 2, and has a coil frame 1 that is unsupported (not directly supported but movable within the protective tube 2). An armature 3 made of a ferromagnetic material is provided.

The coil frame 1 has contact terminals and coil terminals 4, 4', 5.
, 5' and magnetic pole pieces 6.6' and 7.7' are fixed and implanted.

Contacts 20 are provided at both ends 9, 9' of the armature 3, respectively, and the magnetic pole piece 6, which is provided with the contacts 20, is provided in the contact chambers 8, 8'.
It faces 6' and 7.7'.

In this case, the contact chambers 8, 8' can be provided as chambers adjacent to the protection tube, or alternatively they can be provided as part of the protection tube 2.

Between each magnetic pole piece 6.6', 7.7' and the ferromagnetic case 57, a permanent magnet 13. 1 3' is the coil axis 6
4 and axes 65 and 65 perpendicular to the coil axis.
′ is arranged symmetrically.

The permanent magnet is separated from the case 57 by, for example, a gap or an insulator so that no electrical shunts occur.

When using ceramic magnets, the above configuration is not necessary.

The unsupported armatures 3, 3' move approximately parallel to the coil axis 64 when the switch is energized.

Therefore, the coil frame flange 33 on one side of the coil axis 64.
The polarity of the permanent magnets 13, 13' arranged at 33' is selected such that the permanent magnets 13' or 13 act on different polarities of the armature 3.

Since this electromagnetic switch has a simple structure, it is easy to manufacture.

The coil frame 1 consists of, for example, two identical half-holes 1', 1'', and includes a winding of the coil winding 43; and a permanent magnet 13.1.
3', the halves are glued together or bath-bonded to each other by ultrasonic or laser bath welding.

Therefore, the protective tube 2 and the contact chambers 8, 8' are hermetically sealed.

As a result, the components that perform the magnetic action are arranged in an extremely small chamber, and the magnetic pole pieces 6, 6', 7.7' reach the area near the end of the coil winding 43 where there is little magnetic flux leakage. Therefore, overall loss is small and high efficiency can be obtained.

Moreover, the coil winding 43 and the permanent magnets 13, 13' can each be freely selected in size, and are therefore particularly suitable for obtaining high response sensitivity and moderate contact pressure.

In order to obtain a large contact pressure, the width of the end of the armature 3 can also be increased, as shown in this example.

The armature 3 is provided in a substantially rectangular manner, and has a rectangular cross section.

On the other hand, in addition to the electromagnetic switches shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, it is also possible to use a bar armature 3 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

This armature is circular in cross section or has pole pieces 7,
The surface facing 7' is formed as a curved surface 72, 72', and the pole pieces 7, 7' have a circular recess 71 that matches the curved surface of the armature.

As mentioned above. An armature like this is used when the magnetic switch is operated.
, 7' are automatically aligned and brought into contact with each other.

In addition, the protection tube 2 is placed at a suitable position between the magnetic pole pieces 7 and 7' with the armature,
If the armature 3 is provided so as to extend, it is possible to prevent the armature 3 from entering the region where the distance between the opposing magnetic pole pieces 7, 7' is minimum.

With this configuration, even when strong vibrations do not occur, the pole pieces 7,
The defective operation of the armature 3 during the 7' period can be eliminated.

The electromagnetic switch shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is characterized by bistable switching operation, but if the fixed position of the contact is only on one side, that is, it is desirable to perform monostable switching operation, non-stable switching operation is possible. Sum of magnetic gaps in the excited state (SL+a+
84) is the thickness of the contact material on the opposing contact side (S2)
Permanent magnets 13. are also required for insulation.
1 3' and the composite gap given by the gap (S3) in case 57.

Preferably, by using six small magnets 13 as shown by the broken line in FIG.
is obtained.

In this case, the magnet 13 has a weaker magnetic force than the permanent magnet 13'.
It is also possible to cause the armature to move.

In the electromagnetic switch shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, two armatures 3 are aligned parallel to the coil axis 64 and arranged one after the other (see FIG. 6) or in parallel (see FIG. 7). , 3', 3'' are provided, so that a multi-contact structure can be easily obtained.

In the embodiment in which the armatures 3 and 3' are arranged one after the other, another coil flange 35 is provided in the center of the coil frame 1, and a common permanent magnet 13'' is provided in the same projecting manner. , one common permanent magnet 13'' is installed.

Said common permanent magnet 13'' acts on both armatures 3.3' and thus provides pole pieces 6/3 that are electrically insulated from each other.
/, 7//.

The polarity of the magnets is the same as that of the permanent) magnets 1 3 . arranged on the outer coil flange 33 , 33 ′ on the same side of the coil axis 64 . It is set to have a polarity different from that of 13'.

Therefore, when a single excitation coil 43 is used, the armatures 3 and 3' open and close in opposite directions.

Therefore, in this implementation two separate excitation coils 43.4
It is preferable to use 3'.

This allows each armature 3, 3' to be driven separately.

On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the armature is not divided, and therefore a winding chamber is provided in which it is easy to wind the coil U, and the same type of synchronous operation of the parallel armatures 3, 3'' is always carried out. In addition, compared to a switch that performs a similar operation in which the switching contact takes a single contact, a multi-contact configuration can be achieved with a small number of magnets.

For this purpose, for example, a permanent magnet 13'' aligned with the coil axis is placed between the armatures 3, 3'' arranged in parallel in the coil frame 1.
', and magnetic pole pieces 6///, are provided on both sides of the permanent magnet.
7/// is provided.

Alternatively, as in the illustrated embodiment, the pole pieces 6///, 7
A guide plate that plays the role of /// and is aligned with the coil axis 64 is embedded in the coil frame 1.

Since the parallel armatures 3 and 3'' operate in the same way, it is also possible to connect them mechanically to each other so that they can move in only two directions, in which case they are electrically connected to each other. insulated.

Preferably, for this purpose an insulating piece 36 is arranged so as to surround the ends of the armatures 3, 3''.

At the same time, the insulating piece is connected to the armature 3, 3'' when an impact is applied.
Pole pieces 6//, 6/// or 7/ facing each other via
This prevents f and pn from functioning as a shunt.

Finally, if the configurations shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. γ are used in combination, there is an advantage that the number of contacts can be further increased.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the electromagnetic switching system according to the present invention.
A cross-sectional view showing a part along line I', the second factor is the first factor.
A cross-sectional view taken along the ir-n' line in the figure, Figure 3 is Figure 2 II.
4 and 5 are partial sectional views of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a multi-contact electromagnetic switch of the present invention. A cross-sectional view is shown. 1... Coil frame, 1', 1''... Half body, 2... Protection tube, 3, 3/, 3...
Armature, 4, 4/, ,i//, s, s/,
s／／・・・・・・Coil terminal, 6.6', 6"s
7t 7't 7"...Magnetic pole piece, 8,8'・
...Contact chamber, 9, 9'... End, 13,
1 3', 1 3"...Permanent magnet, 20...
...Contact, 33, 33'...Flange, 3
5... Coil flange, 43, 43'...
... Excitation coil, 57 ... Case, 64 ...
... Coil axis line, 65, 65' ... Axis, 72
, 72'... Curved surface.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an electromagnetic switch in which a contact terminal, a coil terminal, and an electromagnetic piece are fixed and buried within a protective tube of a coil frame, and an armature is arranged within a protective tube, a protective tube is formed inside the coil frame, and a protective tube is placed inside the protective tube. accommodating the armature not supported by the wall, the coil Σ frame, etc., forming free ends with contacts attached to substantially both ends of the armature, and forming contact chambers on both sides of the protective tube of the coil frame; In the contact chamber, the free ends of the armatures extend from the wall of the contact chamber, respectively corresponding to the free ends.
A permanent magnet and a magnetic pole piece are disposed symmetrically with respect to the coil axis and an axis perpendicular to the coil, and are connected to the flange of the coil frame, facing the magnetic pole piece end portion provided with the protruding contact. The magnetic direction of the permanent magnet disposed at one end of the pole is set to be different from the magnetic direction of the permanent magnet disposed at the other end, and the armature is set approximately ??with respect to the coil axis. An electromagnetic switch characterized by being movable.