JPS59103406A - Transmission/reception element for orthogonal deflecting high frequency signal and planar antenna having aligning array of same elements - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a receiving element for orthogonally polarized high-frequency signals, comprising dielectric layers on both sides of a first high-frequency transmission line whose ends form excitation probes, or a radiating element according to the reversible principle of an antenna. It is related to.

In particular, the present invention relates to a Brehner antenna comprising a side-by-side array of elements of this type and used in particular for receiving 1 2 GH2 television signals transmitted by satellites.

It is clear that, in accordance with the reversibility principle of antennas, a receiving element (or an antenna constituted by an array of receiving elements) can act as a radiating element (radiating antenna) without any modification of its properties. Therefore, in the following description, receiving, receiving, and receiver may of course be replaced with transmitting, transmitting, and radiating.

A Brehner antenna comprising such a receiving or radiating element is included in the paper published by E. Ramos in Odaiical Electronics Letters, Vol. 18, No. 6, August 18, 1982, pages 252 and 258 [12GH2 Satellite Television Wideband high-gain stripline brainer array for wideband high-gain strips
Line Brainer Array for 12 GHz Satellite TV) J. Although the characteristics of this antenna are improved, the efficiency is not completely satisfactory.

It is an object of the invention to provide an antenna consisting of receiving or radiating elements and arrays of these elements with improved efficiency.

The present invention provides a receiving or radiating element for orthogonally polarized high-frequency signals, comprising dielectric layers on both sides of a first high-frequency transmission line whose ends form excitation probes, comprising a second transmission line and an eighth dielectric layer; These transmission lines and dielectric layers are arranged appropriately, and receiving or radiating elements are arranged along two orthogonal axes on both sides of the first dielectric layer in which the first void is formed. and a second dielectric layer having a second cavity opposite to the first cavity is located on the other side of one transmission line, and the second dielectric layer has a second cavity opposite to the first cavity on the other side of the other transmission line. and a third dielectric layer having an eighth cavity opposite to the second cavity, and the eighth cavity is short-circuited at a position at a distance from the transmission line of the above-mentioned type that is shorter than the thickness of the third dielectric layer to form a reflective surface. The first and second transmission lines are composed of slots and conductive strips symmetrically formed in adjacent dielectric layers, and are provided on bisecting planes of these transmission lines, and the ends thereof projecting into the cavity along the orthogonal axis to form an excitation probe exhibiting a coupling function for receiving or emitting high-frequency signals in conjunction with a propagation medium, the ends of which form the excitation probe; For any given thickness of the first dielectric layer, a pair of values, i.e. length of the end of the probe/distance to a single reflective surface of the probe, can be set as appropriate. is characterized in that it coincides with an experimental maximum value or approximately a maximum value between each of these probes and the propagation medium contained within the cavity.

With this configuration, the excitation probes can be matched by using a suspended substrate transmission line and having various lengths selected depending on the distance between the excitation probes that mainly occurs due to such use, thereby significantly improving the radiation characteristics. can be improved.

In addition, by configuring it in this way, mechanical assembly can be made extremely simple, and the space between the surfaces where the two excitation probes are located is sufficiently wide, so that the transmission line can be easily assembled together with the conductor. Slots can be provided in the dielectric layer to form a dielectric layer, which allows the dielectric to be guided through the air and to use a dielectric with first-order properties with respect to high-frequency properties without increasing losses.

The present invention also relates to a high frequency planar antenna constructed from an entire array of such elements and having similar characteristics.

The invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

The receiving element of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is constructed as follows. That is, the first transmission line 20 and the second transmission line 80 are provided on both sides of the first layer 10 having the first cavity 11 (circular cavity in this example) whose inner surface is metal-plated, and these transmission lines are connected to the slot 22. and conductive strips 2 arranged on the bisector of 82
1 and 81 and thin dielectric sheets 28 and 38, respectively, which mechanically support these strips. End 2 of the center conductor of the IJ tube transmission line
4 and 84 project into the cavity along two orthogonal axes and constitute two excitation probes, which together with the propagation medium form a coupling for receiving the high-frequency signal.

These ends are made to project different lengths into the cavity as described above (7). The other end of each transmission line constitutes an output terminal when performing reception.

A second layer 40 is provided on the other side of the transmission line 20, and this second layer is also provided with a second cavity 41 whose inner surface is plated with metal and which faces the first cavity 11. An eighth layer 50 is provided on the other side, and the eighth layer (the inner surface of the moss is plated with metal and has an eighth cavity 51 facing the first and second cavities)
will be established. This eighth cavity 51 can be short-circuited at a distance from the transmission line 80 that is shorter than the width of the eighth layer 50 in a plane parallel to the surfaces of these layers to form a single reflective surface for the received high-frequency signal. Do it like this. Such devices are used as transitions in waveguide-to-suspended substrate transmission lines where the axis of the waveguide is perpendicular to the plane of the transmission line.

The first, second and eighth layers 10, 40 and 50 are metal plated or are in the form of a dielectric material in which the walls of the cavities 11, 41 and 51 passing through these layers are metal plated. Also, the diameter of the cavity should be sufficiently short relative to the wavelength associated with the frequency of the high-frequency signal (8) to prevent the generation of desired higher-order modes or to attenuate the propagation of such modes. It needs to be large enough to allow the main mode to propagate in the relevant passband.

The second cavity 41 terminates in a frusto-conical widening 61 covered with a polyurethane screen, making it possible to increase the gain and improve the radiation properties by these arrangements.

Experiments were conducted on a receiving element having the structure described above, and from the results obtained, it was determined that the effect of the length of the end portions of the transmission lines 20 and 80, which are located effectively facing each other in the aligned void space 11°41.51GC, was evaluated. I considered it. These experimental measurements relate primarily to the coupling between these ends of the transmission lines 20 and 80 and the cavity constituted by the propagation medium, i.e. the assembly of aligned cavities; It was confirmed that such coupling is optimal when the lengths of the excitation probes are different. A more accurate measurement is made when one of the excitation probes is of a given length, and the distance to the single reflective surface formed by the bottom of the eighth layer 50 of this probe is determined in the relevant frequency band (approximately 11 .7 to 12.5 GHz), it was confirmed that the maximum matching was achieved. FIG. 2 shows an example of the arrangement of two probes of different lengths.

This allows a table to be obtained showing the correspondence between the length of the probe and the distance to the reflector that provides the best match. Thereafter, the distance between the probes is fixed at the thickness of the first layer 10 selected based on electromechanical requirements G. That is, transmission lines 20 and 80 within layers 10 and 40 and within layers 10 and 50.
electromechanical requirements such as the mechanical formation of this layer, and therefore the associated values of the distance to the single reflective surface relate to lengths that differ from each other by the value of the thickness of the layer lO. 2
One value can be found from the table above.

Within the framework of the experiment carried out on a square receiver element with rounded top, the end of the central medium forms the excitation probe at the end of the transmission line with the following conditions: 0.25 d
A standing wave ratio of 1.6 or less, which corresponds to a transmission loss G of B or less, can be obtained.

○One side of the square is 0.81λ, that is, in this example (11
) 15 mm (this wavelength is the wavelength of the guiding part of the receiving element), and the radius of curvature of the rounded top is 3 mm.

○The distance between the probe of the transmission line 20 and the reflecting surface is set to 0°27.

○The distance between the probe of the transmission line 80 and the reflecting surface is set to 0.
There will be 17 entries.

It is assumed that the length of the probe end of the transmission line 20 protruding from this space is 0.12λ.

○The length of the probe end of the transmission line 80 protruding into the void is set to 0. Let it be lOλQ.

o Set the vertical distance between these two probes to 0.10λ
(i.e., 12 GH2"C" 5 ++ua, which is a sufficient value to form the transmission lines 20 and 80 by machining).

With these values corresponding to the example of a rectangular element with rounded tops as described above, for a line impedance of about 700, the width of the central conductor in the slot of 2.5 I can do it.

The rectangular shape of the slots mentioned above for locating the transmission lines 20 and 30 (12) between layers IO and 40 and between layers 10 and 50 is, for example, 2.2 June 1971.
This is evident from FIG. 5 of US Pat. The principle of FIG. 5 is shown in FIG. 8 of the present invention and also
This is also shown in the article ``Tearful MIO Design Prevents Waveguide Mode I'', which is published on page 188 of this month and in FIG. Further, a hybrid 8 dB coupler is provided on the output side of these transmission lines 20 and 80 in order to reproduce signals with clockwise circular polarization and counterclockwise circular polarization, and its two input terminals are connected to each of the transmission lines 20 and 80. The two output terminals are connected to output terminals, and clockwise or counterclockwise circular deflection signals are generated from the two output terminals. Instead of this hybrid coupler, a depolarizing structure may be provided upstream of the receiving element. If such a hybrid cabra and deborahizing structure is not used (
This allows two orthogonal linear polarization signals to be obtained.

The present invention is not limited to the receiving or radiating elements described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist. The present invention relates to a high frequency Brehner antenna constituted by an entire array of such receiving elements, in which case, in addition to the above-mentioned conditions regarding the diameter of the cavity, the requirements for satisfactory juxtaposition of the elements must be met. It is necessary to add the condition that the diameter of the cavity is sufficiently short relative to the wavelength of the cavity, which is related to the frequency of the high-frequency signal, so that the distance between these elements is shorter than said wavelength.

In fact, this additional condition can prevent the formation of undesired side ropes, known as array ropes.

The configuration of this radiating or receiving antenna shall be identical in all respects to the configuration of the radiating or receiving elements described above, and all conditions described for these elements shall apply to the antenna and the transmission line. In practice, this antenna comprises, in addition to the two transmission lines from the receiving element to the two output connections, two arrays of high-frequency transmission lines, which are connected electrically as in the case of transmission lines 20 and 80. This makes it possible to transmit the received high frequency signal to the external electric circuit of the antenna. In this case, the hybrid 8 (i
A B coupler is arranged, or instead of this coupler, a Deborizing structure is provided upstream of the antenna structure so that clockwise or counterclockwise circularly polarized signals can be regenerated.

These arrays can be formed in the conventional manner by successive combination stages (particularly in French Patent No. 70114).
(See the structure of the array shown in FIG. 1 of the specification of No. 49)
. If the antenna comprises n receiving elements, then the n first ends of each array have a single receiving element.
As explained above, the opposite end of each of the two arrays, the point where all the transmission lines converge through successive combination stages, acts as a coupling into the propagation space of the signal to be received, and is located outside the antenna. For example, the two input terminals of a hybrid 8 dB coupler are first connected to the receiving circuit, so that signals with clockwise and counterclockwise circular polarization can be reproduced.

An antenna thus constructed can be an antenna with well defined dimensions, gain and directivity diaphragm, for example a square symmetrical antenna, by combining a suitable number of unit blocks forming a subassembly of receiving elements, or 2
Low-cost modular structure G for forming a particularly rectangular asymmetric antenna with different radiating diaphragms in two orthogonal planes
This is particularly suitable. This last-mentioned property is particularly advantageous for antennas that receive 12 GHz television signals transmitted by satellites. The reason for this is that in this case an aperture of less than 2° at 8 dB is needed to separate the signals from the two Palomote satellites in the equatorial plane by 8° in this plane. 0.
O,1,R Recommendations, Geneva, 197
7) Another example of a modular type is a block that retains a devolaizing structure but does not receive or transmit high frequency signals other than either linear or circular polarization signals (15). When constructing an antenna, such an antenna can be formed from the antenna described above by omitting the central layer 10 and one of the two transmission line arrays 20 or 30.

Although the above-described antenna has been primarily described for coupling a 12 GHz television signal to one or more receiving front ends, the present invention also describes the coupling of a 12 GHz television signal transmitted by a satellite to one or more receiving front ends. They are not limited to receiving (examples of these receiving front ends include Veriodical°'rondo electric'
Volume 62, No. 8, Published August 1982, No. 89 and 40
(see page).

Further, the present invention can be applied to pure high frequency transmitter rays, and the frequency can be other than 12 GHz in the high frequency band.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the receiving element of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the arrangement of an excitation probe that can obtain a high gain with the receiving element, and FIG. 8 is a line A-A in FIG. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the arrangement of a transmission line using a structure known as a suspended (16) board, with the cross section taken along the line. lO...first layer 11...first void 20,
30... Transmission line 21.81... Conductive strip 2
2, H...Slot 28.88...Tab 11
E body sea) 24, 84...high frequency suspension) IJ tube transmission line 40...2nd layer 41...2nd layer
Vacancy 50...8th layer 51...8th void 6
1...Truncated conical expansion part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] L A receiving or radiating element for orthogonally polarized high frequency signals, comprising dielectric layers on both sides of a first high frequency transmission line whose ends form excitation probes, the second transmission line and an eighth dielectric layer. The transmission line and the dielectric layer are arranged in a suitable manner so that the receiving or radiating element is arranged according to two orthogonal axes on either side of the first dielectric layer in which the first cavity is formed. 2
each having a high frequency transmission line, and a second dielectric layer having a second cavity opposite to the first cavity is located on the other side of one of the transmission lines, and on the other side of the other transmission line. an eighth dielectric layer having an eighth cavity facing the first and second cavities, and the eighth dielectric layer is short-circuited at a distance from the other transmission line that is shorter than the thickness of the eighth dielectric layer; the first and second transmission lines are formed of slits and conductive strips symmetrically formed in adjacent dielectric layers, and are provided on bisecting planes of these transmission lines,
The excitation probe is formed by having its end protrude into the cavity along the orthogonal axis to form an excitation probe exhibiting a coupling function of receiving or radiating a high frequency signal in conjunction with a propagation medium. The lengths of these end portions are different and are appropriately selected to provide a pair of values for any predetermined thickness of the first dielectric layer, that is, length of the end portion of the probe/single reflective surface of the probe 7′. a receiving or radiating element for orthogonally polarized high-frequency signals, characterized in that the distance between each of these probes and the propagation medium contained in the cavity corresponds to an experimental maximum value or approximately the maximum value. . λ An antenna is constructed from the entire array of receiving or radiating elements according to claim 1, and the elements are juxtaposed and suitably arranged so that the antenna is arranged in a first space provided with a first cavity.
A first and a second array of high frequency transmission lines are provided on opposite sides of the layer, both arrays providing connections between the receiving or radiating element and the element associated with a single output connection for each of them by means of successive combinational stages. the antenna further includes a second layer forming a second cavity opposite the first cavity on the other side of one transmission line; an eighth layer that is provided with an eighth void that faces the second void and is short-circuited at a distance from the other transmission line network that is shorter than the thickness thereof to form a reflective surface within each element; receiving or transmitting an orthogonally polarized high-frequency signal, characterized in that the diameter of the cavity is sufficiently short, especially with respect to a wavelength related to the frequency of the high-frequency signal, so that the distance between the elements is shorter than the wavelength. Brenna high frequency antenna. 8. The Brainer high frequency antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first, second and eighth layers are made of a dielectric material so that the metal plated wall of the cavity passes through these layers. Table 2. The Brenna high frequency antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first, second and eighth layers are plated with metal. (5) Form a subassembly of the receiving or radiating element, and connect and combine an appropriate number of these subassemblies to obtain the planned dimensions,
Claim 2 characterized in that it comprises a unit block forming an antenna with a gain and a directional diaphragm, in particular the antenna structure being asymmetrical so as to exhibit different radiation diagrams depending on the desired plane. to 4
The Brenna high-frequency antenna according to any of paragraphs.