JPS5910334Y2 - Exhaust gas cleaning device for internal combustion engine with rotary back filter - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning device for an internal combustion engine having a rotary back filter.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, exhaust gas cleaning devices and methods for internal combustion engines have been developed that utilize expansion phenomena and filtration using heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant collection materials such as stainless steel mesh.

For example, Patent No. 456190 (Special Publication No. 40-9643
In addition to those shown in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent No. 479358 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 41-5483), various structures are available that apply the same principles as these.

Note that the expansion phenomenon here mainly refers to adiabatic expansion (a phenomenon in which water vapor or a compressed gas containing water vapor expands instantaneously, causing the gas to cool and become saturated vapor), but this phenomenon is important in the actual operation of the device. For example, the so-called squeezing expansion or polytropes that overlap or are similar to
pe) change or polytropic change (Polytropic C
hange), instantaneous cooling coupling, etc., and the purification function of the purifier is also carried out under the influence of these.

The above devices and methods are intended to collect harmful substances such as soot, heavy metals, sulfate ions, nitrate ions, and hydrocarbons in exhaust gas, and are highly effective in collecting them. During this time, harmful substances such as soot accumulate on the collection material such as the stainless steel mesh, and this must be removed.

However, this collection material such as stainless steel mesh is difficult to handle, so it is difficult to remove and reinstall it, and it is also difficult to clean, and if it is cleaned, it may cause secondary pollution due to the dispersion of harmful substances. Problems remain.

Diesel engines in particular emit a large amount of soot, and large long-distance transportation vehicles emit a huge amount of soot, and effective treatment of soot has become an important issue in recent years for preventing exhaust gas pollution.

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention inserts a relatively small amount of collection material made of stainless steel mesh etc. into the purifier to collect a certain amount of solids contained in the gas such as coarse carbon particles. In addition, a back filter is installed at the end of the purifier to ultimately collect most of the soot, and the back filter is automatically rotated at a slow speed to remove the collected soot from the outside. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for reprocessing or storing soot while cleaning the filter by sequentially removing soot from the filter using reverse ventilation from a driving source.

To explain in detail the embodiment shown below, Fig. 1 is a side sectional view showing the overall structure of the device of the present invention, in which numeral 1 denotes a cleaning cylinder containing various mechanisms for purifying exhaust gas, and a cooling cylinder with free ventilation in the center. A ventilation pipe 2 is inserted through it, and an introduction pipe 3 for introducing exhaust gas from the engine is opened at the front end, and an exhaust port 4 for discharging purified gas into the atmosphere is formed at the rear end.

5a is the first expansion chamber which opens the introduction pipe 3 at the front end of the cleaning cylinder 1, and here the gas discharged from the introduction pipe 3 is introduced, and the temperature is maintained at a constant temperature through the so-called expansion phenomenon that causes instantaneous volume expansion. The gas is cooled and a portion of the gas is liquefied as a result, and relatively large solids are also separated.

Reference numeral 6a denotes a condensation chamber separated from the expansion chamber 5a by a squeeze plate 7a, and the squeeze plate 7a has a large number of small diameter squeeze holes 8a, so that the exhaust gas is squeezed from the expansion chamber 5a. In the process of passing through the hole 8a and reaching the condensation chamber 6a, the resistance of the throttle hole 8a acts to cause an expansion phenomenon as in the previous case, resulting in a temperature drop in the gas and partial liquefaction.

Reference numeral 9a denotes a collection chamber formed following the condensation chamber 6a, inside of which a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant filtration collection material 10a made of stainless steel mesh or the like is inserted, and in front and behind it there is a ventilation chamber that allows for free ventilation. It is partitioned by a board 11.

Here, when the gas and liquefied substances that have passed through the condensation chamber 6a pass through, soot, particles, heavy metals, etc. are filtered and separated (collected), and the liquefied substances in the gas tend to be collected as water droplets. 10a, it gradually grows larger and longer with the solid matter in the gas as the core, and further adsorbs solid matter contained in the gas.

The substances contained in the gas thus collected along with the water droplets are taken out from the bottom of the cleaning cylinder and sent for reprocessing as described below.

5b is a second-stage expansion chamber following the collection chamber 9a, and at its rear end is provided a squeeze plate 7b with a squeeze hole 8b drilled only in a certain part near the center. The structure is such that the expansion phenomenon occurs here as well, as described above.

Reference numeral 9b denotes a collection chamber installed following the condensation chamber 6b, which is constructed by inserting a collection material 10b so that ventilation can be freely carried out in the front and rear and outer circumferential directions. An inner cylinder 14 with free ventilation is installed so that a chamber 13 is formed.

The exhaust chamber 13 communicates with the condensation chamber 6b and the exhaust port 4.

A rotatable back filter 16 is provided at the rear end of the inner cylinder 14 with a certain space (filter chamber) 15 between it and the condensation chamber 6b, and is inserted in the same center as the collection chamber 6b. The exhaust gas that has passed through the chamber 6b and has been filtered collides with the back filter 16, and after the residual soot in the gas adheres thereto, the gas is discharged from the exhaust port 4.

The back filter 16 is made of, for example, a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant donut-shaped wire mesh of about 80 mesh, and a rotary drive brush 17 described below is inserted between the inner peripheral surface of the back filter 16 and the outer periphery of the ventilation pipe 2. The structure is such that the back filter 16 automatically rotates at a slow speed due to vibrations caused by driving or engine operation.

That is, the rotary drive brush 17 includes an annular brush main body 17a that is fitted and fixed to the ventilation pipe 2, a brush portion 17b made of steel wire or the like, and a large number of brush parts 17b arranged in an arc shape in a certain direction on the outer circumference of the annular brush main body 17a. The tip of the brush portion 17b is always pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the back filter 16 due to its elasticity.

With this structure, when the engine is operating or the vehicle is running, the back filter 16 is sequentially rotated at a slow speed within the inner cylinder 14 along the curved direction of the brush tip.

On the other hand, before and after the back filter 16, ventilation cleaning chambers 1 are connected to each other via the back filter 16.
8 and 19 are provided to face each other, and these cleaning chambers 18 and 19 are equipped with a blower pipe 24 that leads pressurized air from an air source (not shown) such as an external blower or compressor or compressed air for air brakes, and a A conduit 20 which leads the air back to the outside is connected in each case.

With this structure, pressurized air is blown from the cleaning chamber 18 to the rear surface of the back filter 16 to blow off a large amount of soot attached to the back filter 16 into the cleaning chamber 19, which is then transferred to the next reprocessing chamber 21 through the conduit 20. lead.

The reprocessing chamber 21 contains approximately 0.35 to 2% caustic soda solution or other alkaline solution, and the collected substances (mainly soot) in the cleaning cylinder 1 are dissolved in the alkaline solution and collected. A part of the aggregate (for example, sulfuric acid compounds, etc.) undergoes a neutralization reaction here, and the volume as a whole is reduced to about ⅙ or less and stored.

By the way, when reprocessing what is stored here, if the collected material is compressed and solidified, it will be reduced to about the same volume as that of Ha, and if it is re-burned, it will be reduced to the same volume of about 1/10(1). I can do it.

Gas carrying collected substances such as soot to the reprocessing chamber 21 is filtered and cleaned by a filter 22 in the reprocessing chamber, and is discharged to the outside.

Note that most of the gas that has passed through the collection chamber 10 b is blown onto the front surface of the back filter 16 , but some of the other gas is also filtered through the wire mesh 23 inserted into the outer periphery of the collection chamber and is then sent to the exhaust chamber 1 .
It is also discharged from 3.

Next, another embodiment of the rotational structure of the back filter 16 will be described.

Figures 3 and 4 are ventilation-driven back filters. In this type, a donut-shaped (annular) back filter 16' is rotatably positioned and fitted into the cooling ventilation pipe 2. A large number of vanes 17' are mounted on the outer periphery at a constant angle of inclination with respect to the axial direction of the cleaning cylinder 1 so as to rotate in response to the airflow when the exhaust chamber 13 is discharged to the exhaust port 4. There is.

Therefore, the back filter 16' in this case will rotate due to the flow of exhaust gas, and in order to rotate at a slow speed, the shape and number of vanes 17' or the fitting state of the back filter 16' and the ventilation pipe 2 should be adjusted accordingly. It must be compatible.

Further, the flow of exhaust gas is not limited to the flow from the exhaust chamber 13, and the flow from inside the inner cylinder 14 can also be used.

Figures 5 to 7 show other embodiments of the structure of the collection chamber in the cleaning cylinder, the slow rotation mechanism of the back filter, and the structure of the ventilation cleaning section of the back filter, and Figure 5 shows the entire device. 6 is a perspective view of the collecting material, and FIG. 7 is an internal sectional view showing the back filter and ventilation cleaning section.

In the collection structure in the embodiment, instead of the collection material 10a shown in FIG. 1, a structure in which heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant nets 10'a and 10'b, which are bent into a corrugated shape, are inserted at regular intervals is used. It is.

In this structure, the material to be collected is collected during the process in which the gas passes through the mesh, and at the same time, it is encapsulated in elongated water droplets and taken out.

The net-like collecting materials 10'a and 10'b are shaped or interpolated so that the corrugations or folds are in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. It falls downward (lower part of the cleaning cylinder).

Furthermore, by forming the material into a corrugated shape, it is intended to increase the collection area of the collection material.

Next, to explain the slow rotation mechanism of the back filter, this example has a large number of vanes 17'' projecting radially around the filter 16'', similar to the one in FIG. Both are attached along the axial direction of the cleaning tube 1, and there is no need to tilt them as in the case shown in FIG.

That is, in this structure, the exhaust flow flowing in the axial direction is not utilized, but each vane 17'' is provided with a driving ventilation so as to communicate in a tangential direction with respect to the outer periphery of the cleaning tube 1 and the filter 16''. Tube 25. A constant amount of compressed air is blown through the filter 26, and the filter 16'' is rotated by the wind pressure.

Reference numeral 27 denotes a vane chamber provided on the outer periphery of the cleaning cylinder 1 so as to accommodate the vane 17''.

In addition, the ventilation cleaning structure of the filter in this example is such that the ventilation cleaning chamber 1 in FIG.
Only a vacuum cleaning chamber 19'' instead of 9 is provided, and a vacuum pump 28 is attached to the conduit 20.

Therefore, while the cleaning in Figures 1 and 3 is cleaning with compressed air, this example has a structure in which soot, etc. adhering to the filter 16'' is removed by vacuum. 16, 16', 1
The feature is that an operating source that creates a pressure difference before and after the 6'' is provided outside the cleaning cylinder.

In the case of FIG. 5 as well, the treatment of solids such as soot taken out from the conduit 20 is carried out in the same manner as in the case of FIG.

As a result of the structure of the present invention as described above, the collected substances, mainly soot, collected in the cleaning cylinder are automatically guided to the reprocessing chamber, and the soot that adheres to the back filter is also cleaned. Forced reverse ventilation from the outside of the cylinder and rotation of the back filter automatically and efficiently remove it almost completely, and the back filter is always ventilated and cleaned, making it easy to maintain the function of the clean cylinder and replace the filter. It is extremely effective in terms of cleaning and eliminating the need for cleaning.

In addition, there is no problem of diffusion or leakage of harmful substances when reprocessing the collected material, and in the case of vehicles with diesel engines that generate large amounts of soot, the volume of soot can be automatically reduced and stored. It has many practical effects, such as being convenient for reuse.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view of the device of this invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view showing the second embodiment, and FIG. B sectional view, FIG. 5 is an overall sectional view of the device showing the third embodiment, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the collection material of the same example, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line C-C in FIG. be. The symbols in the figure indicate the following parts: 1: Clean tube, 2: Ventilation pipe, 3: Inlet pipe, 4: Exhaust port, 5a, 5b: Expansion chamber, 6a
, 6b: Condensation chamber, 7a, 7bl board, Ba, 8b: L
Borehole, 9a, 9b: Collection chamber, 10a, 10b,
10'a, 10'b: Collection material, 11: Ventilation plate, 1
2: Space, 13: Exhaust chamber, 14: Inner cylinder, 15: Filter chamber, 16, 16', 16": Back filter, 17: Rotating drive brush, 17', 17": Vane, 17a: Brush body, 17b: brush part, 18.
19: Ventilation cleaning room, 19': Vacuum cleaning room, 20: Conduit, 21: Reprocessing room, 22: Filter, 23: Wire mesh, 2
4: Air pipe, 25, 26: Drive ventilation pipe, 27: Vane,
28: Vacuum pump.

Claims (5)

[Scope of utility model registration request] (1) Introducing exhaust gas, installing a squeeze plate with a large number of squeeze holes in the donut-shaped space inside the clean cylinder, into which a ventilation pipe with open front and rear ends is fixedly inserted in the center, and exhaust gas. In a device that cools and cleans gas by an expansion action, a donut-shaped back filter for collecting solid content in the exhaust gas is rotatably provided behind the aperture plate in the cleaning cylinder and is fitted outside the ventilation pipe. , a structure that automatically rotates the back filter at a slow speed, and a ventilation cleaning chamber or vacuum cleaning chamber that opens rearward to the front of the back filter and communicates with the outside of the cleaning cylinder, and the back filter is removed from the outside of the cleaning cylinder. A structure in which the back filter is ventilated and cleaned by applying ventilation in the opposite direction to the gas flow to the filter, and a collected material separated by the ventilation cleaning and taken out after passing through the ventilation cleaning chamber or the vacuum cleaning chamber. 1. An exhaust gas cleaning device for an internal combustion engine having a rotary back filter, characterized in that each container is provided with a storage container. (2) As a structure that allows the back filter to rotate slowly,
Utility model registration claim 1, in which a rotary drive brush having an arc-curved brush portion that is pressed against the inner circumferential surface with a constant elasticity is fixed to the inner circumference thereof. An exhaust gas cleaning device for an internal combustion engine having a rotary back filter as described in . (3) As a structure that allows the back filter to rotate slowly,
Exhaust gas cleaning device for an internal combustion engine having a rotary back filter according to claim 1, which is provided with a large number of vanes on its outer periphery for receiving the flow of gas in the cleaning cylinder and rotating the back filter. . (4) A structure for ventilation cleaning of the back filter is provided with ventilation cleaning chambers that face each other and communicate with each other on the rear and front sides of the back filter, and compressed air is supplied from the rear ventilation cleaning chamber to provide ventilation on the front side. An exhaust gas cleaning device for an internal combustion engine having a rotary back filter according to claim 1, 2, or 3, which is a mechanism for discharging the gas to the outside through a cleaning chamber. (5) Registration of a utility model for a back filter ventilation cleaning structure in which a vacuum cleaning chamber that opens rearward toward the back filter is provided on the front side of the back filter, and the vacuum cleaning chamber is connected to an external vacuum pump. An exhaust gas cleaning device for an internal combustion engine, comprising a back filter according to claim 1, 2, or 3.