JPS5898749A - Image forming device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form a beautiful picture, by using a photosensitive body having a photoconductive layer which has laminated a p type semiconductor layer and an n type semiconductor layer on a transparent and conductive substrate, holding a toner on a carrying body, and making it contact with the photosensitive body. CONSTITUTION:As a substrate 1 of a photosensitive body, for instance, than in which a conductive layer 1b consisting of a very thin metallic film, an indium oxide tin film, etc. is provided on a glass substrate 1a is used. Also, a photoconductive layer laminated on said substrate 1 consists of a laminated body of a p type semiconductor 2 and an n type semiconductor 3, and both semiconductors use an amorphous silicon film containing hydrogen. Subsequently, a conductive and magnetic toner 6 is made to contact with the photosensitive body, holding it on a metallic sleeve 5 having a magnet 4 in its inside, which is a toner carrying body, by magnetic force, by which a beautiful picture can be formed by a comparatively small exposure quantity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an image forming method, in which uniform light is irradiated onto a photoreceptor! ii) An image forming method VC for forming a toner image in the bright area of image light.

Conventionally, the method of forming a tζ toner image on a photoreceptor is to uniformly charge the photoreceptor with Ilc and to dim it with secondary i.
After forming υt++1 residue by irradiating 41VC, Kaede-
Toner particles t-
A widely used method is to reduce the visible image by increasing the height of the visible image (hereinafter referred to as the first method). in this case.

Using an insulator as toner particles - 9 Preliminary interaction with carrier particles, etc. to obtain pI & light source - Same as Note 1.
It is revolutionary to use it with a C charge.

At this time, the effective value φ for applying a direct current bias voltage of the same polarity as the fluorescence of the photoreceptor to the current state is known. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 49-4552 vAvc discloses the use of particles having ME conductivity and magnetism as a toner to form an image.

Top - overusing the first method to obtain fJAt of one light on the photoreceptor
In order to form the ilsVc toner shell, an m current bias pressure having a value approximately equal to the value of the dark area of the toner and the unitary body of the developing device is applied to the developing unit.

In the S minute corresponding to the pupil -, there is a gap between the Kaede vaporizer and the photoreceptor 0.

゛-Position difference [Without creating a ``-Position difference between the photoconductor and the Kaede-I toner carrier only in the part corresponding to the part, the toner is deposited on the part corresponding to the part] let

However, even when using the method of #g1 above, the process of uniformly charging the unitary body.

- You can rest assured that the base of the toner is layered on the M9 with a light-shielding mechanism and a desk. There are many stories that refute this because they are in the OSE and range, so they are only slightly inferior. The firefly 1 method that uniformly fires a unitary substance at 1A requires a high-pressure reduced source with several KV output t7, which is expensive and requires fewer personnel, but is not an expensive method. In addition, it is easily susceptible to problems such as wetness and dust, making it less reliable.

On the other hand, without using the photoreceptor [Teiden].

The process of irradiation and development is known as the smoke print puffer method (hereinafter referred to as the second method).This method is transparent and conductive. A photoconductor was installed on the previous substrate using a good and bad photoconductor, and a relative JI4 was placed opposite the photoconductor layer.
For mI-type mfit, a light guide is irradiated through a transparent conductive substrate, and at the same time, toner is sprayed from the side of the metal layer, which is provided as a threat layer on the light guide layer in advance. The toner is deposited on a support such as paper or the like.The photoconductor is often made of Nll semiconductor.
ds is used, but in this case, a negative voltage is applied in one stroke to the rope. .

In this 200,000th Legend, it is very easy to get the statue, but there is a lot of physical strength, and it is difficult to get the fist to get the 69. It is still difficult to put it into practical use. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-45821 discloses that an image can be formed by developing a conductive pattern formed on a photoconductor using a developer containing conductivity and agglutinin. i (hereinafter referred to as the 6th force ratio)
Developing is performed while applying a DC voltage between the 1 substrate and the 3iK toner carrier. The conductive substrate and the photoconductor are integrated with an insulating layer (DJ-).The conductive pattern described above may be formed either prior to development or at the same time.

In this sixth method, when the toner is attached corresponding to the dark part of the image light (when it is obtained in positive lll!ii1)
Then, a 9-element conductor applies a negative voltage tp to the photoconductor 0 substrate if it is a semiconductor, and a positive voltage t-th if it is a semiconductor.

When forming a toner t-tt layer corresponding to one step of exposure (
To obtain Pjl-, if 1 photoconductor is connected to N conductor, positive 4 voltage is applied to the substrate of photoconductor, and if it is a semiconductor, a voltage of 6 is applied/jtl7. Well, since the voltage to be applied is 500cm, it is inappropriate to use simple DC.
, it is necessary to use the Taki'anba in Pingyi Ward.

If you use the Queen's method tHAφ, you won't have to use the Emperor's means.
It depends on whether you want to get m images, but if you want to get this one image, i
To obtain one image using the method of the Q period, it is necessary to use a light amount of 0.2 to 6 g, which is a popular method.When forming an image using a VC photoreceptor 1*electrically and applying light to the image in silence. 10 compared to
More than twice as much exposure is required. The above-mentioned special public service 1973-1984
The example disclosed in Publication No. 821 uses a dawn light amount of about 400 lux seconds, but this is a
The ML20Q bond (DJI light intensity) is about 20 times the exposure amount required by the electrophotographic copying machine IT.

It is difficult to increase the development speed, and it takes 5 seconds to form a negative image. or.

As the voltage source to be applied, it is necessary to use the above-mentioned Om<pulse excitation voltage m'm source. Therefore, as the light source of the image light, flash light, -
The fist that uses laser light, etc. modified by Yari Ichiki No. 46 is in trouble. This is because when you use a light source that can produce 4 lights, such as a flash light or a modified laser light, which can produce a very short period of light, J... The voltage of the pulsating DC source is either high or low at the moment the light is illuminated.
It has the disadvantage that it fluctuates from time to time depending on whether it is present or not, resulting in a striped pattern in one image.

As explained above, the conventional O-image forming method has advantages and disadvantages in forming a negative image at high speed with a relatively small amount of light without using any 411 crude methods such as charging and moving. So weird and strange.
Since the image is formed by scanning with a laser beam and making it into a line, there was no known method for this method.

In recent years, it has been widely practiced to obtain gIA by fixing a photoreceptor with a laser beam or the like modulated by the image number 4 and applying 4 lights, but in this case - It is known that an image can be formed by applying four beams of light to a part of the image, resulting in a beautiful single-picture pattern1.In addition, a semiconductor laser is often used as the laser.

The light emitted by a semiconductor laser is generally near-infrared light, which has low sensitivity to photoconductors, and the energy obtained is extremely small, at most 10 mW. Although an image forming method effective for these uses has been strongly desired, it has not yet been realized.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to obtain a single image with a relatively low light amount and at a high speed, without requiring complicated structures such as bands. The purpose of this is to provide a method for forming the same.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a transparent and conductive material.
A photoconductor having a photoconductive layer laminated with a Pm semiconductor and a NII conductor on a conductive and magnetic I body is used, and a toner having conductivity and magnetism is held on the toner carrier by magnetic force while being attached to the photoconductor. While applying a DC voltage between the electrically conductive substrate and the electrically conductive and magnetic toner, image light is applied to the photoconductive layer VC through the transparent and conductive substrate. Due to the bright areas of both image lights, a toner 'fcft' layer is formed on the photoreceptor.

The DC voltage applied here is, when the Pfi semiconductor is on the base of the photoreceptor ii411VcM, a negative voltage is applied to the base side.
When the semiconductor is on the base side, a positive voltage is applied to the base side. It is desirable that the layer provided on the base side be relatively thin.

The image forming method of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. 1st
The figure shows an example of the configuration of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, in which the substrate 1 of the photoreceptor is, for example, a glass substrate 1a with a very thin metal film, a conductive layer such as an indium oxide film, etc.
Those with bk are all around. Then, on the top 1 board 1
- The light guide layer 1 is a layer of the Pii semiconductor 2 and the N conductor 6.
It is made of one piece, and both semiconductors use amorphous silicon containing hydrogen.

P! The dl semiconductor layer is made of amorphous silicon containing group II elements such as boron, and its thickness is 5oooX4fiI.
It is L. The N conductor is made of amorphous silicon containing W group elements such as phosphorus (14) and its thickness is 20 μm.

Amorphous silicon can be made into something close to an intrinsic semiconductor by adding a certain amount of N, Na, and I group elements to the i state without adding impurities using the usual method.

Therefore, the layer on the reduced area side of the -0 photoconductor is good even if it is not doped with an impurity*t group element or is doped with a mont group element as an N-board semiconductor. It doesn't have to be P or N like KJi, and it can be anything other than an intrinsic semiconductor.9° development - It has a metal sleeve 5 with a magnet 4 inside it, and has a 9°7 screen. It holds toner 6 having conductivity and reliability. - The above magnet 4 rotates in the direction of the arrow, and the toner 6 is conveyed in the opposite direction to the rotation direction of the magnet 4. A plate 7 is provided close to the outer periphery of the sleeve 5, so that the thickness of the sleeve 5 can be further regulated to a constant thickness. Guide layer 1b and maple 4i of photoreceptor base 1
A DC voltage is applied between the sleeve 5 of the IA device.

Since the toner has a conductivity of 1 kM, pressure is applied to the toner vc'14 through the sleeve.

In the illustrated example, since a substrate 111VcP and a semiconductor 712k are provided, a negative voltage, that is, a positive mFJ+ is applied to the substrate 111Vc. Toner adheres to the photoreceptor corresponding to the bright portion of the light, forming an image.

Figure 2 @ Figure 6 shows a sharp turn to explain the principle of the method of the present invention, and Figure 2 shows the state of the load in the bright area. Pm semiconductor and N guard conductor 1e and no and so C
A depletion layer is formed at the interface due to the PN junction, and a cross-flow phenomenon occurs. Here, since a negative pressure of 01 is applied to the - terminal of the P-deaf semiconductor 2, the thickness of the depletion j- increases and the current is blocked and leaked. At this time, when image light is irradiated, photocarriers are generated within the depletion layer and electrons are guided to the Nim semiconductor. Electron OJ in N-type semiconductor! Since the IdJ degree is large, the electrons reach the vicinity of the @ plane of the N cap conductor 6, and the toner 6 and the N type semiconductor 30
A 51h electrostatic attraction is applied to the threshold, and the toner adheres to both surfaces of the N-reduction conductor 6, that is, the photoreceptor.

FIG. 6 shows the state of charge in the wk section. When a voltage is applied between the toner 6 and the conductive tm1bo of the substrate 1, electrostatic attraction acts between the two, and the pmm body layer 2Ni1 semiconductor layer 6 is present at the threshold of both.9. Because of the distance 'i', the i0 photosensitive layer becomes a PN junction as described above, and a voltage is applied in the direction of blocking the p-electrome.

11 from the base! The injected charge rarely reaches the surface of the photoreceptor. Therefore, toner adhesion in dark areas can be extremely reduced.

In the present invention, the pm semiconductor 1-t provided on the substrate side is thinner than the N-type semiconductor 1- provided on the substrate side, and the junction is formed at a position close to the substrate, and when a voltage is applied to it, depletion occurs. No-Tsuka almost spreads to the surface of the substrate.

If image light is irradiated in this state, the image light will be absorbed within the depletion layer and the generated photocarriers will work effectively. On the other hand, if the PIL semiconductor layer is made thicker than the N-type semiconductor j-, PN torsion is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor. Therefore, the image light is absorbed within the P#1 semiconductor layer. In this P-lid semiconductor, the ease of electrons wJ is poor, so the generated photocarriers do not work effectively.Therefore, it is difficult to obtain high photosensitivity. Furthermore, if both the P-yield reduction conductor layer and the N#1 semiconductor layer are made thinner, the adhesion force of the toner in the dark fl&c of the image light increases, making it easier to cause ground pulley. Considering the above, it is desirable to make the layer on the substrate side of the photoreceptor relatively thin and the layer on the other side thick.

It is clear that image formation can be performed in the same manner as described above even if the substrate mKN halving conductor dt- is provided and a positive voltage is applied to the substrate side.

In the method of the present invention, the optimum value of the applied self-voltage is
Although it varies depending on the specific resistance of the wax, electric current, etc., the specific resistance of the toner, the particle size, etc., a pressure of 100 V to 500 V is generally optimal for a machine. This is applied to the photoreceptor in the known so-called Carl Sono method, NP method, etc.
It is small φ compared to the pressure.

Therefore, it is possible that the photoreceptor will deteriorate due to two electric fields.
-4 If the applied voltage is too low, there will be insufficient image strength.On the other hand, the applied voltage will be too high. The toner adheres to the dark areas and causes fogging on the exposed areas. In addition, if extremely strong image light is applied in this state, the adhesion of toner in the bright area will be reduced, and the amount of toner lt'4 in the 1ift area may cause multi-I-shaped embroidery to occur. This causes radiation between the narrow surface of the photoreceptor and the toner due to excessive voltage and image light9. It is believed that the result is that toner that is crushed once applied to a bright area loses its adhesion. Electric discharge between the photoreceptor surface and toner is likely to occur when the resistance of the photoreceptor surface is reduced, and such a reduction in the resistance of the surface of the photoreceptor occurs in large quantities due to excessive voltage and excessive light. Photocarrier reaching the surface of the photoreceptor
Get your start. Therefore, in order to obtain a normal original image, it is necessary to set the voltage to be as low as 1 so as not to cause excessive ground blur in the m image, and to set the excess image light in a given φ shape. The optimal voltage and image light intensity vary depending on the type of photoreceptor, the resistance value of the toner, and the contact time between the toner and the photoreceptor, but when a positive image is produced, it is 6 times higher than when a positive image is obtained by the present invention. Apply a voltage that is twice as high or more than 5 times as high, and apply a voltage that is 10 times or more
This is only when the image light tTo is exceeded.

Voltage and exposure amount to obtain a normal positive image [It is easy to determine.

Under normal conditions, the average life of the photocarrier integrated with the light guide is very short, so when the image light is applied through a transparent substrate as in the present invention, it passes through the surface of the I&light body. The resulting carrier disappears immediately, and the resistance tube on the surface of the photoreceptor decreases significantly. Therefore, although a positive image does not occur, in order to reliably prevent this occurrence, it is possible to provide a layer of insulating material on the narrow surface of the photoreceptor. In order to stably obtain good positive images, it is imperative that the irradiation of the image light be completed before the toner supplied to the photosensitive surface VC is separated. As mentioned above, the average lifespan of the photoreceptor is extremely short, so even if the resistance to surface reduction of the photoreceptor is lowered by the four light beams after the irradiation of the image light has ended. It is thought that the resistance increases immediately after 4 hours.

At that time, if the development shot is uniform, the development will be done with the same amount of food, and toner will adhere prolifically to the bright areas, resulting in a sufficient image m*ota-
An image is obtained. Even if there is a hint that a normal image can be obtained, it is effective to end the irradiation of the image light before the toner is covered, as described in the above-mentioned Q method, in order to obtain a sharp image with high image f1&. In other words, figurative mark 111' - the amount of light at dawn when the pressure is low and overpressure t - even with the foreshadowing given, a slight discharge occurs between the photoreceptor and the toner, and by shortening the evening exposure time, this discharge occurs. This is thought to be due to the decrease in the number of ginseng.

When the above-mentioned Vc-light time is shortened, it is difficult to provide a sufficient amount of exposure, but the image forming method of the present invention
Since it is possible to obtain a sufficient amount of one image at a time with a relatively small amount of light, it is easy to shorten the lightning time and provide sufficient light at dawn.

In the case of irradiating the image light while moving the photoreceptor upward or downward as shown in Fig. 81, it is necessary to irradiate the image light through the PAvh slit 8 which is wider than the area where the toner is in contact with the photoreceptor as shown in Fig. 1. If you give an exposure of 1c! It is also effective to use a flash as the t+njl light source.

Also, when scanning a photoreceptor with a laser beam modified by the TI image 1'A signal, when exposing the photoreceptor using a CRT, side light is generated in the area where the toner is in contact with the photoreceptor. If it is necessary, the irradiation of the image light ends before the toner is separated.

The toner having conductivity and magnetism that can be used in the VC of the present invention is one in which carbon or the like is attached to the surroundings of resin particles containing a magnetic substance such as magnetite, or ferrite powder,
It is also possible to use iron powder or the like as the tt toner. The toner may be of relatively low resistance, or for example t
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-31156-Avc, even if the resistance is relatively high, in the developing machine, the sleeve-magnet 4 may be separated, resulting in apparent listing properties. It can be applied to a small extent because it shows -r Jh.

The figure shows an example in which four pressures are applied between the photoreceptor base 1 and the toner 60, the developer sleeve 5 and the photoreceptor I body 10.
In between, I marked 4 positive marks tJFJ, but in addition to the sleeve 5 kura, it is integrated and 2, for example, I leave it on the blade fathom toner! It is a 4-force wear applying Io material & C4 pressure.

In the above example, amorphous silicon was used as the material for the light guide, but other known materials may also be used. If we line up as PM semiconductor 2.

S e* b e Tey A a3 b @W e
e N As the salary reduction conductor 3.

CdJI, edge, ZnO, PVK-TNF, etc.

These materials can be used in any combination.

If the semiconductor used for the substrate 14V and the semiconductor used for the surface are different, it is possible to form an image with a small amount of A-14 light by using a material with a high optical MA area on the substrate side. . - Does he have 8 degrees of light? i4-materials have low dark resistance and are often used as electrophotographic photoreceptors with a small diameter, but in the one-ray method, the j- on the substrate side must be made extremely thin. This allows the amount of thermally generated free carriers to be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to use even a low i material such as polycrystalline silicon which has high photosensitivity and dark resistance.According to the image forming method of the present invention as described in detail, it is possible to charge the photoreceptor. Nona - It is possible to form a beautiful image with a relatively small amount of light exposure by using an extremely simple technique.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of apparatus O for carrying out the image forming method of the present invention;
ii! FIGS. 2 and 6 are conceptual diagrams illustrating the image forming method of the present invention. 1 is a base having a conductive dove 1b on a glass substrate 1a, and 2 is a P! i1 semiconductor, 5 is N reduced semiconductor, 4 is magnet. 5 is the sleeve, 6 is the toner, and 7 is the blade.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) On a transparent substrate that complies with the conductive method, there is a P half body layer, a N guard 4 body Jmtat layer, and a light guide 11T layer.
Using I and the original body, while holding the toner having 41 properties and magnetism on the toner carrier with one force, the first sensation is given to V.
c-Touch, one body with the conductivity of the previous one sensing body and M
While applying a pressure between the toner particles having m4 and sulfuric properties, the photoconductive layer is irradiated with image light through the transparent and sulfuric toner; -Itch
Then, apply the toner onto the upper m1 editor body.
Image forming method using V value. (2) When the P fi semiconductor is at the base of the photoreceptor, the voltage kN of one of its members - & C is applied to the base side of the photoreceptor. Clock ail' (3) An image forming method in which the irradiation of the image light is completed before the toner imaged on the photoreceptor is separated from the upper six surfaces of the photoreceptor.