JPS5893598A - Method and device for high pressure impact treatment of condensible material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To decrease the moving speed of a vessel contg. a sample toward the other end part and to prevent the rupture of the vessel by providing explosive layers for deceleration which are exploded by the bombardment of a flying member and impulsive wave attenuating plates in both end parts of said vessel. CONSTITUTION:A sample 1 is contained in a vessel 2, and plugs 3, 4 are provided in both end parts thereof. Preventing means for rupture of the vessel wherein explosive layers 21, 22 for deceleration are sandwiched with impulsive wave attenuating plates 23, 24 and 25, 26 are provided respectively on the other sides thereof. A flying member 5 and a main explosive layer 9 are provided on the outside circumference of the vessel 2 via a space 6, and a plane detonation wave generating means 30 is provided in the upper part. A plastic plate 27 is provided in the lower part. For example, penthrite or the like which is subjected to a molding treatment is used for the layers 21, 22 and, for example, metharcylics, etc. are used for the plates 23-26. The sample is subjected to an impact compression treatment by actuating a detonator 11, whereby the high pressure impact treatment of the sample is accomplished uniformly.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in an apparatus for impact treatment of condensed substances such as solids and liquids by using explosion of gunpowder or explosives.

Traditionally, the use of explosive impact to synthesize substances, solidify powders,
Technologies such as crimping metals are known, and some of them have been industrialized, as exemplified by the synthesis of diamond from graphite. In this case, it is known that the method of obtaining a high-speed flying object such as a metal plate driven by explosive gas and colliding it with the sample is advantageous because a higher impact pressure can be obtained. An apparatus for carrying out this method has been proposed (%Publication II7-3'1397'').

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional impact processing device that uses such a flying object. In the figure, 1 is a sample, 2 is a metal container, 3 and 4 are metal plugs, 5 is a cylindrical flying object, 6 is a void, 7,
8 is a disc-shaped holding member, 9 is a main explosive, 10 is a detonator for the main explosive 9, 11 is a detonator, and 12 is a metal floor. When the detonator 11 is activated to detonate the primer 10 in the illustrated state, the main explosive 9 explodes from the top to the bottom at a certain detonation velocity, and at that time, the projectile 5 sequentially collides with the container 2 from above and the sample 1 inside. Shock compression treatment.

In this conventional method, the moving speed of the collision point between the flying object 5 and the sample container 2 is approximately equal to or less than the sound speed of the container, so that the impact pressure that can be obtained is limited. If the thickness of the explosive layer 5 is increased to, for example, 701111 or more for the purpose of increasing the flight speed of the projectile 5 or for the purpose of increasing the duration of the impact pressure to enhance the impact treatment effect, it is possible to obtain a uniform uniformity for the sample It becomes difficult to apply impact compression treatment.

The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies on the non-uniformity of processing encountered when using a thick explosive layer as described above, and have found that this is due to the detonation method. That is,
In the conventional method described above, the detonation proceeds in the form of a line detonation that occurs radially concentrically from the center in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the sample, so the detonation wavefront is spherical. It was found that the cause of the non-uniformity is that the speed of the flying object driven by the object differs depending on the location.

The present invention has been completed in order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art described above, and provides a method that enables ultra-high pressure impact treatment of condensed substances, as well as uniform treatment, and a method for carrying out the same. The purpose is to provide 11 devices. That is, according to the present invention, a thick main explosive layer is provided on the opposite surface of the flying member that is installed parallel to the condensed substance extending in the axial direction with a gap therebetween, and the main explosive layer is spread from one end to the other end. The flying member is caused to collide with the flying member so that the collision point continuously moves in the direction of the axis, and the condensed substance is compressed by impact. A method for high-pressure impact compression treatment of condensed materials is provided, the method comprising detonating substantially simultaneously the entire cross-section of the main detonation layer in a plane.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, a thick main explosive layer is provided on the opposite surface of the flying member installed parallel to the condensed substance extending in the axial direction with a gap, and one end of the main explosive layer is provided. a detonating part is provided in the main explosive layer, and the main explosive layer is detonated continuously from the one end to the other end;
In an impact treatment device for condensed substances, the flying member collides with the flying member so that the collision point moves continuously in the axial direction to compress the condensed substance by impact, and the detonation part generates a plane detonation wave. There is provided an apparatus for impact treatment of condensed matter, characterized in that the entire cross-section of the main explosive layer in a cut plane perpendicular to the axis is detonated substantially simultaneously using means.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, first ~ q
In the figures, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 indicate the same elements and members. Reference numeral 30 indicates a planar detonation wave generating means.

Any planar detonation wave generating means 30 can be used as long as it can substantially simultaneously detonate the entire cross section of the main explosive layer 9 on a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the sample 2.
For example, Tokko Akira! ; 3-29 Otsu No. 73, same! ; 3-
．． 2! ; Detonation wave generating means described in Publication No. 8.33 and No.
Iblesher Physics and Chemistry Volume 2 1.2211 pages (Academic Press, USA, /9
A device called a so-called mouse trap described in 1963 can be used.

As the main explosive 9, it is preferable to use one having a large explosion propagation velocity, and preferably one whose explosion velocity is sufficiently higher than the sound velocity of the flying member 5. For example, when using a steel flying object, the speed of sound is approximately S-/second, so
As the explosive 9, it is preferable to use one having a detonation velocity greater than 5IcIr17 seconds.

Specific examples of such explosives include single or mixtures of high performance explosives such as hexogun and K-trittetryl, dynamites with a large amount of nitroglycerin, mixed liquids consisting of nitromethane, nitric acid and fuel, and hydrazine nitrate and hydrozine. Examples include solid and liquid explosives such as mixtures.

The material of the flying member 5 is not particularly limited, but scale or brass is preferable from the viewpoint of economy and workability. Further, the wall thickness of the flying member 5 is a factor that determines the flying speed of the flying member 5 due to an explosion, and in practical terms, at least o, t m
It is preferable to set it to m or more.

The sample container 2 and its plugs 3 and 4 are preferably made of a metal with as high strength as possible, and in practice, high-tensile steel such as stainless steel is desirable. It is preferable for the wall thickness of the container 2 to be thick from the point of view of preventing breakage, but from this point of view it is preferable that it be thin, since the impact energy consumed in deforming the container increases and the sample processing effect is reduced accordingly. However, in the present invention, in the case of a stainless steel container, it is sufficient to have a wall thickness of about /~lo. It is more effective to prevent the container from breaking if the metal stopper has a convex or concave shape as shown in Figure 1, rather than a flat metal stopper. It is preferable to use a screw-in structure in which as many parts as possible are in contact with the It is preferable that the gap 6 between the flying member 5 and the container 2 has a width in the throwing direction (direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the sample) that is at least equal to or larger than the lateral thickness of the main explosive 9.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the explosion impact treatment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is in progress. When the explosives are simultaneously detonated by the planar detonation wave generating means 30, which is the upper end face of the explosive shown in FIG. 2, a planar detonation wave shown by Q in FIG. 3 travels downward.

At this time, the angle formed by the detonation wavefront Q and the axis of the flying member 5 is 9
In a steady state at 0 degrees, the moving speed of the collision point between the flying member and the sample container 2 is equal to the detonation speed of the main explosive 9. Main explosive 9
If the explosive characteristics of the flying member 5 and the material, wall thickness, and impact characteristics of the flying member 5 are known, for example, the Pulsed High Magnetic Field book by Mr. Hyphen Kneffel (North, Netherlands Publishing Company / 97θ format) or the 1st International Detonation Symposium. The flying speed of the flying member 5 can be determined by calculation using the method described by Messrs. N., E., Hoskin et al. in the journal Napal Ordans Laboratory, Totori, 1996S, USA. When the flying member 5 flies and collides with the wall of the container 2, an oblique shock wave is generated from the collision point, passes through the container, and heads toward the central axis within the sample, collides at the central axis, and a reflected shock wave with higher pressure is generated. and progress outward from the central axis.

In a steady state, the downward movement speed of the impact point of the shock wave P (denoted as Va) is equal to the detonation speed of the main explosive 9, but if the propagation speed of the disturbance propagating in the sample material behind the reflected shock wave is greater than Va, A Matsuha shock wave is generated at the collision point, which is also Va
It propagates downward at a velocity equal to the detonation velocity of the main explosive. The larger the collision angle between the shock waves that entered the sample, and therefore the stronger the incident shock waves, the larger the area of the Matsuha shock wave front, and the smaller the pressure difference between the Matsuha surface and the back of the incident shock wave. can be compressed almost uniformly.

In the case of a critical collision angle where a Matsuha shock wave is generated, the area of the Matsuha shock wave front is small and the pressure difference behind each wave front is large, so compression tends to be uneven in the transverse cross section of the sample, which is undesirable. Then, as shown in Figure 7, sample 1
A rod-shaped object 31 having the same impact impedance as the sample 1 may be placed in the center of the sample 1 to prevent the Matsuha shock wave from passing through the sample 1. The diameter of this Matsuha shock wave conducting rod is preferably at least 4 times the diameter of the sample.

The type of compression that sample 1 undergoes can be estimated by calculation, but it can be easily estimated by collecting the container 2 containing the sample that has actually been exploded, cutting it along a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis, and observing the cut surface. Can be judged.

In FIG. 2, reference numerals 21 to 26 indicate container breakage prevention means provided at both ends of the container 2.

In other words, when a compression process is performed by colliding a flying object with a sample due to an explosion, the upper part of the container 2 tends to move upward due to the impact of the projectile, and the rest of the container 2 as a whole tries to move downward, and as a result, the container 2 There is a problem in that the container is likely to break at the upper and lower parts of the container, particularly in the vicinity where the sample 1 and the stoppers 3 and 4 come into contact, resulting in loss of the sample due to dissipation. As in the present invention, when the explosive layer is made thick and ultra-high pressure impact compression is performed, it is particularly desirable to deal with this breakage of the container. This can be achieved by providing a deceleration explosive layer that explodes upon collision with the flying member to reduce the speed of movement of the container toward the other end of the core upon collision with the flying member.

Reference numerals 21 and 22 are decelerating explosive layers for preventing damage to the container, and as shown in the figure, they are preferably sandwiched between shock wave attenuating plates 23, 24 and 25, 26 in a sandwich-like manner. There are no particular restrictions on the type of explosive used in the explosive layer 21, 22, but it is best to avoid using explosives that detonate at low speeds, are likely to exhibit a source pressure phenomenon, or whose explosive properties are likely to change rapidly upon impact. It is preferable that the explosive has good detonation properties and the explosion propagation limit is as small as possible, such as single high-performance explosives such as bent lift and hexo-gentytrile, mixtures thereof, or powders of these high-performance explosives. In addition to those molded with natural paraffin, beeswax, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber, etc., liquid explosives such as solutions made of nitromethane, nitric acid, and flammable substances soluble in these can be cited. In the case of a liquid moderator explosive, it is used in a thin-walled container, but in the case of a solid one, it may also be used by surrounding the sides with a vinyl chloride pipe or the like instead of using a naked charge. The shape of the explosive layer 21.22 is usually
It is preferably plate-shaped, and preferably has a planar shape that is approximately the same as the sample container 2. The thickness should be at least the explosive limit thickness.

As the shock wave attenuation plates 23, 24, 25, 26, it is preferable to use materials whose impact impedance is as similar as that of deceleration explosives; for example, plastics such as methacrylic, or water, an aqueous solution of inorganic or organic salts, etc. are used. be done. When a liquid substance is used for shock wave attenuation, it is used by sealing it in a thin-walled container. Shock wave damping plate 23
, 24, 25° 26 is the shape of the sandwiching explosive layer 21.2
It is preferable to have substantially the same planar shape and the same thickness as No. 2.

Next, the function of the moderating explosive layer 21, 22 according to the present invention will be explained. Assuming that there is no deceleration explosive layer 21, 22, the deceleration plates 23, 24, 25, 26 and the sample container 2
Due to the impact of the projectile 5 on the container 2, the upper part of the container 2 as a whole tends to move upwardly and otherwise downwardly. In particular, if the lowest part of the container 2 is a plastic disk 27 under the damping plate and the lower part is a free space, dilution waves will be generated upward from the free surface, further increasing the downward movement speed of the entire container. let Also, the sample is generally a container 2 and a metal stopper 3.4.
Because the impact resistance is small, secondary dilution waves are likely to occur at the interface with the sample, and due to complex mutual interference between the dilution waves, a strong tensile force is generated in this vicinity, rupturing the container. It's easy to do. Roughly the same effect occurs on the top of the container,
It is easy to break near the interface between the sample and the container frame. On the other hand, if the explosive layer 21, 22 is provided and the flying object 5 collides with it and detonates it from the side, the above-mentioned moving speed in the upper and lower directions of the container will be reduced by the explosive force. It will be done.

Therefore, the rupture of the container can be prevented.

Incidentally, if the explosive force of the detonator 30 is ten sho strong, the deceleration explosive layer 22 provided at the top can be omitted.

In the above embodiments of the present invention, the sample to be compressed has a circular plane cross section, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to this. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can also be applied to processing samples of different shapes, and in that case, the shapes of the sample container, flying member, etc. can be changed as appropriate depending on the shape of the sample.

The present invention is applicable to material synthesis using impact, such as the conversion reaction of graphite to diamond, or when granular high-melting materials such as tungsten and silicon carbide are subjected to dense impact, and for impact hardening of metal materials such as steel. It is applied to impact treatment of solid or liquid condensed substances for various purposes, such as when pulverizing ceramic powder such as silicon carbide and activating it by applying strain.

The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

EXAMPLE Green silicon carbide powder (bulk specific gravity: about 9) was compressed using the impact compression apparatus shown in FIG.

As the flying object 5 and 2, the inner diameter is 0I11 and the wall thickness is 8! ;xis
Length/9θ Dragon brass tube is used, and the inner diameter is 10mm concentrically with this.
A hard vinyl chloride pipe with a wall thickness of 711 seconds and a length of 9011 is installed, and the annular space formed between them is charged with a liquid explosive made by dissolving 75 parts by weight of hydranone nitrate in 725 parts by weight of hydrazine hydrate, and the main explosive is Layer 9 was formed. This explosive has a detonation velocity of 31 ann per second.

The above sample has an inner diameter of 3011% and a wall thickness of 2111! %length/
A container 2 made of 110 mm stainless steel (5US-3 oti) was filled with a porosity of about 1 Ioes, and convex steel (881/) stoppers 3 and 4 were screwed together at both ends.

The length of the screw part of the stopper 3゜4 is 3111%, the length of the lid part is S
It was a dragon. The container 2 has an inner diameter of 311. /WIN thick 7 dragons,
length/! It is surrounded and reinforced with a steel (SS-da/) tube of Omtx, and a disk-shaped rubber explosive layer 21.22 with a diameter lIgmtx and a thickness sm is placed on the top and bottom of the container.
The sandwiched parts were each fixed with methacrylamide plates having a thickness of II11 and SVX, and the whole was mounted concentrically inside the flying object 5, and the detonator 30 was attached to the upper part and the plastic plate 27 was attached to the lower part. As the detonator 30, a planar detonation wave generator consisting of a liquid 1-explosive lens with an effective diameter of 100 m was used. In addition, for the explosive layer 21, 22, pentolith powder with a particle size of 00511 m or less is mixed and stirred into a silicone resin (Shin-Etsu Chemical Exhibition, KE-10) before hardening at a weight ratio of 7θ to 30, and after molding, the hardening layer is mixed and stirred. I used something similar. The impact compression treatment device constructed in this manner was placed in the center of the explosion chamber, and detonated using a No. 6 electric detonator. The container containing the sample after treatment was placed in a container containing the sample for approximately 10 minutes. When the silicon carbide was cut into rings at intervals and observed on each cut surface, it was found that the silicon carbide was aggregated and compacted tightly and blackish in color, and the bulk specific gravity was approximately 3.7. It was concentrated and there was little variation. From this, it was confirmed that the sample was uniformly processed.

When the sample container was inspected after processing, it was found that the threaded portion of the bottom stopper 4 was only slightly damaged, and the sample recovery rate was found to be 100%.

Comparative Example In the above example, instead of the planar detonation wave generator 30, pentrino whose particle size was adjusted to 0.5 itl or less::,:
1 Silicone resin before curing (Shin-Etsu Chemical Exhibition, O-/θ)
) and stirred in equal amounts, diameter 100 nyx, wall thickness, t
The treatment was carried out in exactly the same manner as in the above example, except that a molded and hardened disc-shaped specimen was used. When the containers containing the treated samples were cut, observed, and measured in the same manner as in the examples, the bulk specific gravity varied between 3.0 and 3.0, and uniform compression treatment was not performed. The degree of damage to the container was the same as in the example.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional impact compression processing device in vertical section, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an impact compression device according to the present invention in vertical section, and FIG. An explanatory diagram showing a state in progress of processing, and FIG. 9 are diagrams showing an example in which Matsuha shock wave conduction means is provided inside the container of FIG. 2. In the figure, 1... Sample, 2...
・Container, 11...Detonator, 21.2
2... Song/deceleration explosive layer, 23, 24, 25,
26... Shock wave attenuation plate, 27...
...Plastic plate, 30...Planar detonation wave generating means, 31...Matsuha shock wave conducting rod, P...Shock wave Face, Q...
...Detonation wavefront Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 1

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A thick main explosive layer is provided on the opposite surface of the flying member, which is installed parallel to the condensed substance extending in the axial direction with a gap, and the main explosive layer is continuously extended from one end to the other end. When detonating the flying member and impacting the condensed substance so that the impact point continuously moves in the axial direction, the cross section of the main explosive layer in a cut plane perpendicular to the axis is A method for high-pressure impact compression treatment of condensed substances, characterized by detonating the entire substance at the same time. (2) A thick main explosive layer is provided on the opposite surface of the flying member installed parallel to the condensed substance extending in the axial direction with a gap therebetween, and a detonator is provided at one end of the main explosive layer. is continuously detonated from the one end toward the other end, and the flying member is caused to collide with the flying member such that the collision point continuously moves in the axial direction, thereby compressing the condensed substance by impact. In the impact processing device for condensed substances, a planar detonation wave generating means is used as the detonation part to detonate substantially the entire cross section of the main explosive layer in a cut plane perpendicular to the axis at the same time. Features: Impact treatment equipment for condensed substances.