JPS5893030A - Driving circuit of electronic shutter - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the rise characteristics of a driving circuit of an electrooptic shutter, by turning on the driving circuit by turning off a control transistor. CONSTITUTION:An electrode 11L at the one side of an electrooptic elemnt is connected to a power supply, and the electrode of the other side is connected to the emitter of transistors TR3 and TR2. The electrooptic shutter is turned on by turning on the TR1 and TR2 and turning off the TR3 respectively. While the shutter is turned off by turning off the TR1 and turning on the TR2 and TR3. Thus the electrooptic element is turned on by using the short turn-off time of the TRs since the electrooptic element itself or the TR has a time constant. As a result, the rise is accelerated for a driving circuit of an electrooptic shutter to increase the adaptability to a color video device which is scanned at a high speed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to the driving of an electronic shutter for driving an electronic shutter used in, for example, a video playback device.
K key.

For example, it was previously proposed that an electronic shutter made of an electro-optical element, such as PLZT, was used as a cuff image reproducing device. FIG. 1 shows the entire color video reproducing apparatus using this electronic shutter. This color video reproducing device uses red, edge and blue primary color signals ER, EQ.
and Ell are sequentially switched and supplied at a predetermined period, for example, every horizontal period, and this black and white cathode ray tube (1).
A lens (2) for enlarging the image obtained on the fluorescent surface <11) of 1), and a red lens placed near the peephole (3) that allows red, green, and blue light to pass through, respectively. , green and blue primary color filter PR.

A color filter (4) having at least one set of FQ and FB;
The image light from the image obtained above passes through these color filters (
4) Red, green and blue primary color filters FRsFG constituting
and FBI) 1111 minutes.

As shown in the principle diagram of FIG. 2, the color video reproducing apparatus shown in FIG.
) When the image obtained above is generated by an electron beam density-modulated with the red primary color signal ER-82
As shown in Figure A, the image light from this image is transmitted through the lens (2).
After being refracted through the color filter (4), the light passes through the red primary color filter F31 and is supplied to the viewer (6). - Therefore, the observer (6) sees this fluorescent surface (11)
An enlarged virtual red image sB can be seen on the lens (2) at a predetermined position t behind the lens (2). Similarly, when the black-and-white image obtained on the fluorescent surface (1 m) of the black-and-white cathode ray tube (1) is generated by an electron beam whose density is adjusted by the edge and blue primary color signals EQ and EB, As shown in Figures 2B and 5, the observer (6) can see the edge of the virtual image and the blue images SQ and SL magnified by the lens (2) at a predetermined position t behind the fluorescent surface (IJ). Thus, the monochrome cathode ray tube (1) K outputs red, green and blue primary color signals ER every horizontal period.

Since shame and gB are switched and supplied, the observer (6) sequentially displays red, green and blue Eirin Sl,
This is because viewing 8Q and sB is K, and therefore the observer (6) can see the color image enlarged at this predetermined position 1.

Red, green, and blue primary color signals ER, EQ, and El are sequentially switched and supplied to the black-and-white cathode ray tube (1) K every horizontal period (IH). That is, the primary color signals ER, EG, and EB obtained from the color demodulation circuit (not shown) are sent to the gate circuit (8R) (
8G) and (8B). These gate circuits (8R), (8G), and (8B) are supplied with pulse signals PR, PQ, and PB as shown in FIG. 3, C, E, and G, respectively.
is supplied as a gate signal. Then, the primary color signals ER%EQ and EB are sequentially extracted during the period in which the pulse signals PR, PQ and pB are at a high level of 1°, respectively. Then, this gate circuit (8R) (8G) and (8
The primary color signals extracted in B) are sequentially transferred to a black and white cathode ray tube (1
).

Pulse signals PR, P as shown in Figure 3 C, E and G
Q and pB are formed, for example, by a ring collar (9). That is, as shown in FIG. 4, this ring counter (9) is composed of three J-type flip-flops (9R), (9G), and (9B). And these husbands:'1
: The trigger terminals TR, TQ, and TBK of the husband's 7-lip 70 tubes (9R), (9G), and (9B) are supplied with the horizontal synchronizing signal pH as a trigger signal as shown in FIG. Tsubu (9R) (9G) and (
9B), the set input terminal SR, reset input terminal and reset input terminal RmK are, for example, 30H! A frame signal PF is supplied. Therefore, the respective output terminals QRs Qo and Qiz of these three 7-lip-flops (9R) (9G) and (9B)
K is @1” when the 7-rem signal PF is supplied.
@Q II and @O" signals appear, and then each time the horizontal synchronization signal PH is supplied, the signals are sequentially @0 #, @
1 # and @glJ → @0″, @0” and 61” → 1
1", @O" and 1o" → song...5 signals are obtained. That is, the respective output terminals Q&, Q, and Qi
K is the pulse signal 'Rs as shown in Figure 3 C, E and G.
'G and pB are obtained, and this is the gate circuit (8) described above.
R) (8G) and (8B)) are supplied as C gate signals.

Further, the lens (2) is placed in front of the fluorescent light (1 m) (observer (6)). In this case, the focus is placed behind this fluorescent light m (1M), and the observer (6)
This lens (2)K allows the user to see an enlarged image obtained on the fluorescent surface (11). In other words, this lens (2) has a fluorescent surface (1 m
) is designed to act as a so-called magnifying glass lens for the image obtained above. This lens (2) is held within a cylindrical foreign aη by a holding mechanism Qυ.

Furthermore, the color filter (4) and the electronic shutter (5) are arranged as shown in the enlarged view in FIG. ) is placed near. This color filter (4) and electronic shutter (5) are also held within the foreign body←θ by a holding mechanism υ.

First, the color filter (4) is a striped primary color filter F having a width t'l of red, green, and blue as shown in FIG.
R%FQ and FB are sequentially arranged. In this case, the red primary color filter FR allows red light to pass, the green primary color filter FQ allows green light to pass, and the blue monochrome filter FB allows blue light to pass. The area between and around each of these primary color filters FR, FQ, and pB is black BL, which is K so as to block light. Each of these primary color filters FR, FQ, and Fl may be provided as one set in terms of Mll, but in order to reduce color shading on the imaging plane, K FQ , FB, FR, F as shown in FIG.
Q%FB, FBsFG are arranged in consideration of color tone and brightness.

Further, as shown in Fig. 7, a cover glass (4 holes) and a reinforcing glass plate (4b) are attached to both sides of this color filter (4) to form an integral unit.

The electronic shutter (5) also has polarizers (101) made of linear polarizing plates arranged on both sides of the color filter (4), whose polarization planes are different from each other by KT, as shown in FIG. and analyzer (10b), and color ailter (4
) Cover glass (4a) Confucian (polarizer @) K coated,
811eC As shown, the electro-optical element, in this example PL
The polarization plane control device 1 is composed of ZT (8rBaNb30g) (l1m))C.

This polarization plane control device αD has a linear control electrode (IIL) made of, for example, an alloy of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) plated with gold (Au).11 on the surface of PLZT (l1m).
Similar linear control electrodes (IIR) (11G) and (IIB) are provided between the control electrodes (IIL) and (1L). In this case, the electrode (IIL)
(IIR) (11G) and (IIB) are color filters (4
) The positions and intervals of the primary color filters FR, FQ, and FB forming the filter are determined so as to have the positional relationship shown in Figure @10. That is, each primary color filter FR, FQ, and FB is connected between the control electrode (11L) and (IIL).
These control electrodes (IIL) and (IIL
) is maintained. Furthermore, the control electrode (IIR
) (IIG) and (IIB) are these control electrodes (II
L) and (IIL), and are arranged corresponding to red, green, and blue primary color filters FB, FG, and FB, respectively. Here, these electrodes (IIL) (II
R) CIIG) and (IIB) may be arranged only on one side of PLZT (l1m), but in this example, as shown in Fig. 9, they are arranged in exactly the same way on the other side. It is.

Further, each control electrode (1) is commonly connected and grounded. and control electrodes (IIR) (IIG) and
11 and (IIB) are connected to control voltage supply terminals (12R) (12G) and (12B) through protective resistors for overcurrent prevention, respectively.

And this terminal (12R) (12G) and (12B)
The primary color signal ER% supplied to the monochrome cathode ray tube (1) is
Control voltages VR, VG, and vB as shown in FIG. 3, I, J, and KK, which vary depending on EG and El, are supplied from the control voltage supply circuit 0, respectively.

The control voltage supply circuit a3 is constructed as shown in FIG. (13m) indicates a power supply terminal to which a positive DC voltage of 10B, ie, a half-wavelength voltage V4 to be described later, is supplied.

As shown in Figure 1, this DC voltage B is obtained by boosting and rectifying the horizontal synchronizing signal pH by the DC-DC converter (c) after being supplied to the DC-DC converter (c). What is provided is supplied. A terminal (1
1b) (13c) and Hi (13d) through husband *g3 plan, F and *kunta (9) Bukup7p Tsubu (9)
R) (9G) and (9B) inverted output terminals QR, Qc
and QBK were obtained. Here, the transistors Trl, Tr4 and Try are at low level °0'' of pulse signals PR%PQ and PB supplied to their bases, respectively.
In other words, the primary color signals ER of red, green and blue are sent to the monochrome cathode ray tube (1).

It is off during the period when EQ and EB are supplied, and on during the other periods. Therefore, pnp type transistor T
The period during which the primary color signal ER of black and white cathode ray tube (1) K and red is supplied to the connection point of the lily of the ry and npn transistors Tr3 is 10B, and the other periods are 0B.
A control voltage vH as shown in FIG. 3I is obtained and is supplied to the control voltage supply terminal (12R). Also,
The connection point between the emitters of the pnp type transistor Tr5 and the npn type transistor Tr6 has a period of 10B during which the black and white cathode ray tube (1)k green primary color signal EQ is supplied, and 0B during the other periods. A control voltage VG as shown in Figure 31 is obtained, and this is applied to the control voltage supply terminal (12
G).

Furthermore, at the connection point of the emitters of the S Pfip type transistor Tr and the npfi type transistor Trg, the period when the blue primary color signal El is supplied to the monochrome cathode ray tube (1) is 10B, and the other periods are 0B. The applied control voltage vB shown in FIG. 3K is obtained, and is supplied to the control voltage supply terminal (12B) K. Hang, in this 11th it
B is a bias resistor.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 12, electrodes (16 &) and (16b) are adhered to the surface of an electro-optical element, for example, PLZT-(l1m) (0), and these electrodes (16M) and (i
When a potential difference V is applied between sb), the refractive index changes due to the Kerr effect, etc. At this time, when linearly polarized light Ll with a polarization plane in the X direction passes through this electro-optic element (l1m), its The plane of polarization is rotated by i, and the X direction and 1
Light L with a shifted plane of polarization in the y direction! It is known that The electronic shutter (5) in this example takes advantage of this fact.

That is, the electronic shutter (5) in this example has a polarizer (10a
) out of the linearly polarized light having a polarization plane in the The plane is rotated by i in the y direction.
It has a light surface, and thus only the light that passes through this predetermined position is obtained from the analyzer (10b), exhibiting a shutter effect.

The color filter (4) and the electronic shutter (5) are configured as described above, and during the period when the pulse signals PR, PQ and PB are at a high level "1", that is, the black and white cathode ray tube (1) has red, edge and During the period when the blue primary color signals ER, EQ and EB are supplied, the control electrodes (IIR), (1
1G) and (IIB) are applied. Therefore, during the period when the red primary color signal ER is supplied to the monochrome cathode ray tube (1), a potential difference is generated between the control electrodes (IIL) and (IIR), and only during this period of PLZT (l1m), as mentioned above, A significant change in refractive index occurs. The gap between the control electrodes (IIL) and (IIR) corresponds to the red primary color filter FR of the color filter (4). Therefore, only the polarization plane of the red light passing through the red primary color filter FR of the color filters (4) is rotated by T, and from the above explanation, during this period, the polarizer (10 heat) is rotated.
1 out of the linearly polarized light with a polarization plane in the X direction. λ't? of the red light passing through the red primary color filter FR by 1.1? - It will be obtained from the analyzer (10b).

In addition, during the period when the monochrome cathode ray tube (11 green primary color signal EQ is supplied), the control electrode (IIL) and (1t
G) Generate a potential difference at the gate 1:, PLZT (l1m) /)
5. A change in the refractive index as described above occurs in the semicircle (1). Between this control electrode (IIL) and (11G),
It corresponds to the green primary color filter FQ of the color filter (4). Therefore, only the polarization plane of the green light passing through the green primary color filter FQ of the color filter (4) is rotated by i, and during this period, the polarizer (10 m
), of the linearly polarized light having a plane of polarization in the X direction, only the green light that passes through the primary color filter FQ at the edge is obtained from the analyzer (10b).

In addition, during the period when the monochrome cathode ray tube (1) k, the blue primary color signal E, is supplied, the control electrode (IIL) and the CI
A potential difference is generated between IB), and the above-mentioned change in refractive index occurs only between this period of PLZT (11). The space between the control electrodes (IIL) and (11B) corresponds to the blue primary color filter F3B of the color filter (4). Therefore, only the polarization plane of the blue light passing through the blue primary color filter FB of the color filter (4) is rotated by i, and during this period, the polarization plane of the blue light passing through the blue primary color filter FB is rotated by i. Of the light that is linearly polarized so that it has a plane of polarization,
Only the blue light that passes through the blue primary color filter FB is obtained from the analyzer (10b).

From the above, in the color video reproducing apparatus shown in Fig. 1, red, green, and blue primary color signals E
Once R, EQ and EB are supplied, the fluorescent surface (1
m) The image light from the image obtained above is transmitted through each lens (2)
After being refracted at the color filter (4), it is passed through the red, green and blue primary color filters FB, FQ and F3B,
An observer (6) looking through each peephole (3) is supplied with only red, green and blue light. Therefore, the observer (6) sees IJi in FIG. 2, and the fluorescence m (11)
Red, green and blue images 5R enlarged at a predetermined position 1 behind the
1SG and sB can be seen. [Since the monochrome cathode ray tube (1) is supplied with red, green, and blue primary color signals ER, EG, and EB in a switched manner every horizontal period,
The observer (6) can see the color image Sc at this predetermined position t.

Note that in FIG. 1, 2) is an eyecup, for example, one that is sufficiently large as 1" for eyeglasses.

Now, the drive circuit for the electronic shutter (5) used in the color video playback device is shown again in 5.
It is configured as shown in Figure 3. This 131st EIK
What is shown is an extracted drive circuit for the electronic shutter of the portion corresponding to the red primary color filter FR of the color filter (4), but the other components are similarly configured.

To explain again with reference to FIG. 13, a pulse signal PR for on/off control is supplied from a terminal (13b) to the pace of the npn transistor Trl. The tip of this transistor Q3 is grounded, and the collector is connected to a DC voltage 0B1, for example, a half-wavelength voltage V, through a bias resistor R1.
Connected to the power terminal (13m) to which the number is supplied. A midpoint between the collector of this transistor Trl and the resistor R1 is connected to the respective paces of a pnp transistor Try and an npm transistor Tr, which constitute an eight-star seven-lower circuit. The collector of the transistor Try is grounded, the transistor TrsIF):I collector is connected to the power supply terminal (13m), and these transistors Tr
The mutual terminals of y and Tr3 are connected in common, and this common connection point is connected to PLZT (l1
m) connected to a control electrode (IIR) arranged above. And, facing this control electrode (IIR), PLZT (l
The control electrode (IIL) located above 1 m) is grounded.

When the electronic shutter (5) is turned on (opened), the transistor Tr is turned on by the pulse signal PR.
This is done by turning off the transistor Trl and turning on the transistor Trl, thus applying a half-wave voltage y4 between the control electrodes (IIL) and (IIR).

In this case, the on-time constant of the transistor Trs is the resistor R
B and the input capacitance C4n of this transistor Tr3, for example, RB = 200Ω, Cin =
10. with 50PF. W Rotonaya. In addition, the control electrode (11L
) and (111'L) and the PLZT (11
m), [equivalently; ndenna Co (hereinafter referred to as equivalent capacitor CO) is formed, and a charge is charged to A, equivalently, 7 days f Co.
The independent charging time constant at this time is this equivalent capacitor 4S Co
For example, Co = 330P
F, shame = l ~ 2 with Ω, and at most Hpwe.

Therefore, the time constant dON when this electronic shutter (5) is turned on (opened) is the transistor T
It is determined by the on-time constant of rl, for example, 10. Igsec
It is.

On the other hand, when the electronic shutter (5) is turned off (closed), the pulse signal PRK (transistor Trl is turned on, the transistor Trz is turned on, and therefore the charge is removed from the equivalent capacitor Co). This is done by discharging electricity. The time constant at this time is τOFF
Then, this is approximately determined by the equivalent capacitor Co and the resistor, and is, for example, one voice at most.

In this way, the time constant dON (
Charging time constant) is the time constant tovv when it is in the off state.
(discharge time constant).

Now, the electronic shutter using the Kerr effect mentioned above (5
) is expressed by the relationship between the input light IIN and the output light Id61T. Here, Vl is the half-wave voltage and the control electrode (
When the voltage applied between IIL) and (IIR) becomes y2, the polarization plane of the input light IIN is rotated, so that the output light IOUT becomes l0UT''IIN.
is the maximum.

For example, when this electronic shutter (5) is used in the above-mentioned color video reproduction device, the output light l0UT is 0, II
When it is less than 0.9 IIN, the shutter can be closed to a practically acceptable level, and when it is 0.9 IIN or more, the shutter can be kept open to a practically acceptable level.

In order for the output light I OUT to be Q, IIIN, V
= 0.44yJ means that the output light I OUT is 0
．． In order to obtain 9IIN, v = o,,5sv4-
It can be seen from equation (1) that it is necessary that 2.

Here, the time constant τON when the above-mentioned on state is set is
The charging voltage of the equivalent capacitor CO, assuming that the charging and discharging time constants are the same in CR, without considering the difference between the time constant OFF and OFF, that is, the electrode (IIL
) and (IIR), when charging (when turned on), ■=■” (1e-am)
11 @ @ * Expressed as (2),
It becomes like the line Ac in FIG. On the other hand, during discharge (when turned off), V=V^5-(!l
It can be expressed as 11 @ 116 (3), and becomes like Ad in Figure 14.

When charging (when turned on) K oise, Vzo-4
4Vi (L?Yo5 K Iotyr=0.IIx
The time t at which the shutter reaches a closed state that does not cause any practical problems (below this value, the shutter can be closed to the extent that there is no practical problem)
HaO, lCRte, V = o, 5sv4 (as mentioned above 5
K.

At this time, 10UT=O-911N, and above this value, the shutter can be opened to the extent that there is no practical problem. ) is 2.40R.

On the other hand, during discharge (when turned off), v=
o, a4v4ninal time t hao, 5ca-c, V”0
．． The time t for reaching 89V4 is 0. It is ICR. .

Engineering. 5, when the charging voltage V is o, during charging (when turned on),
The time until 5sv8 (at this time it is in the open state, that is, in the on state) is when the charging voltage ■ is 0.44VA (at this time, it is in the closed state, that is, in the off state) during discharging (when it is in the off state). It can be seen that it takes approximately three times as long as the time required to complete the process.

Considering all the above, in the conventional electronic shutter drive circuit, when the electronic shutter (5) is turned on (during charging), the charging voltage ■ is 0.
．． Basically, it takes a long time to reach “89V” (2!, 4
Coupled with this, the time constant τON at that time is as large as, for example, 10μ. In other words, the charging voltage V is 0.89V
The time it takes to reach ' is CR = rgN, 2.4CR* 2.4X10. #iE =24#l
[It is very long at 1lli.] Therefore, the rising speed of the output light I OUT of the electronic shutter (5), that is, the response speed becomes very slow. The broken line in Figure 15 indicates this output light of 10U.
It shows T. ,・1. : If the rise speed (response speed) of the output light IOU of the electronic shutter (5) is slow, for example, when used in a color video playback device as described above, the electronic shutter (5) will be in the ON state. This cannot be done within the horizontal blanking period, for example, 11P160, resulting in an inconvenience in that the brightness of the front portion of the image that is formed decreases and becomes very dark.

Therefore, in order to increase the rising speed (response speed) of the output light lUT of this electronic shutter (5), the resistance value of the bias resistor aB is lowered and the time constant dON when turned on is increased. It is possible to make it smaller. However, this causes the disadvantage that power consumption in this resistor RB increases. That is, such an electronic shutter (
5) The power W required for the drive is determined by the rate at which the drive is, for example, at the horizontal frequency fH. .

An embodiment of the electronic shutter drive circuit according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. This first
In FIG. 6, parts corresponding to those in FIG. 13 are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.

In this example, the control electrode (IIL) is the power supply terminal (13
m). In this case, the terminal (1
3b) is supplied with a signal PR whose phase is inverted from the pulse signal PR supplied in the example of FIG. 13, and the same operation as in the example of FIG. 13 is performed.

The rest of the structure is the same as the example in FIG. 13.

In this example, when the electronic shutter (5) is turned on (opened), the transistor Trl is turned on by the pulse signal PR, and the transistor T
rz is turned on and therefore the control electrode (IIR) and (1
Snow is formed by applying a half-wavelength voltage V between (1) and (2). Therefore, the electronic shutter (5) is in the on state (
The time constant τON when it is in the open state) is the 131st
It is approximately the same as the time constant forF when the 1MK is in the off state (state similar to wA), and is determined by the equivalent fundenna Co and the resistance 1iFRO, and is, for example, at most one iris.

On the other hand, when the electronic shutter (5) is turned off (closed), the transistor Trl is turned off and the transistor Tr3 is turned on by the pulse signal PR, so that the equivalent capacitor C is turned on.

This is done by discharging more charge. If the time constant at this time is fOFF, this is approximately the same as the time constant TON when the ml is turned on (ml in state) in the example in FIG. 13, and is determined by the on time constant of the transistor Try, for example, Ig 160.

Furthermore, according to this example, the charging voltage V when the electronic shutter (5) is turned on (during charging) is '
-"" (■OUT -OJ I IN) Although the period of time until it reaches (■OUT -OJ I IN) is basically long (14cR), the time constant τ'oN at that time is small, for example, one tone. In other words, the time it takes for the charging voltage V to reach o and uvr is CR=τO
From the perspective of N, it becomes very short, λ4CR = 14 X i voice - 22.4 voices. Accordingly, the rising speed IL (response speed) of the output light l0UT of the electronic shutter (5) increases. 1st
The solid line in FIG. 5 indicates the output light I OUT in this example.

In addition, the time constant τ when it is in the off state (closed state 1M)
OFF is large, for example, 10 tone irises, but at this time,
Charging voltage ■ is 0.44VA < l0UT = 0.1
11N) is basically short (<(0,8CR)
), this time is QJCR = 0.8X ding'OFF +
0.8 x 10μ group = 8 voices, which is small enough to be used for practical purposes.

As is clear from the embodiments described above, the electronic shutter drive circuit according to the present invention can increase the response speed of the electronic shutter without increasing power consumption, so the response speed must be fast. Moreover, it is preferable to use it as a drive circuit for an electronic shutter used in the above-mentioned color video reproduction device, for example, which preferably has low power consumption. 1:.

In the above-described embodiment, it is also conceivable that the transistor Trz is connected to Darlington to substantially reduce the input capacitance C4n.

Brief explanation of WAm No. iml is a configuration diagram showing an example of a color video playback device using an electronic shutter, FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining lK11 in the example in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an operation of the example in FIG. 1. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of the ring kakunta,
Fig. 5 is a line diagram showing the arrangement relationship between color filters and electronic shutters, Fig. 6 is a front view showing a specific example of the color filter, Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along Fig. 6 A-A', Figure 8 is a double-sided view showing an example of a polarization page control device, and Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 8 B-B'.
Section mWA on the line, 10110 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the color filter shown in FIG. 6 and the polarization plane control device shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing a specific example of the control voltage supply circuit, 1211 is a diagram explaining the properties of the electro-optical element (PLZT), FIG. 13 is a connection diagram showing an example of a conventional electronic shutter drive circuit, and FIGS. 14 and 15 are used to explain the present invention, respectively. FIG. 16 is a connection diagram showing an embodiment of the electronic shutter drive circuit according to the present invention.

(5jk@Nko V'r Tsufi-, (11m) is PLZ
T, (11L) and (IIR) are control electrodes, (1s
a) is the power terminal.

Tr1 to Try are transistors, RB and Tr are resistors, respectively. Figure 2, Figure 3 i7. j Figure 13 Figure 16 Figure 15 I

Claims (1)

[Claims] first and second electrodes arranged to face each other on the electro-optical element, first and second switching elements that are turned on and off alternately, and a third switching element that drives the first and jI2 switching elements. the first switching element is connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, and the second switching element is connected to the second electrode. 2 electrodes and W! 1. A drive path for an electronic shutter, characterized in that the drive path is connected to a ground terminal, and is configured to reduce a charging time constant of the electro-optical element.