JPS588845A - Mandrel mounting type balancer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a balance system for performing iterative balance corrections on rotating elements of machines (eg grinding machines, high speed lathes and centrifuges) which are subjected to balance-related vibrations during normal operation.

With such elements being rotated, the imbalance is corrected by remote control.

When a rotating machine of the type that inevitably undergoes a change in equilibrium experiences vibration conditions that exceed an acceptable level, the machine must be stopped and the weight manually placed in the position indicated by the vibration measuring machine in order to obtain the desired balance. Moving is common practice. Adjustment of the balance requires multiple repetitions of trial turns, measurements, stops, and readjustments, since the result of the adjustment cannot be observed during the operation, but only after subsequent turns and measurements have been made. Cycles are required.

By carrying out the weight adjustment while monitoring the effect of the weight adjustment, i.e. automatically without stopping the machine, it is extremely advantageous to reduce the processing time and increase the precision of the balancing action. Balance devices that are operable while the mandrel rotates are commonly referred to as unbalance compensators and are broadly divided into two boxes: (1) mechanical and (2) hydraulic.

Almost all mechanical compensators generally suffer from the inability to perform large scale and fine balance corrections. The large weights required for coarse corrections must be finely adjusted to perform fine corrections. Sensitive adjustment of large masses is extremely difficult at high rotational speeds, especially due to their high centrifugal stresses. Fine balance corrections are made easier by using small weights, but this limits the correction ability of the compensator. Mechanical compensators generally cannot be used in applications where large through holes in the device are required.

One type of mechanical balancer uses a movable weight, such as two or more ball bearings, that rotates freely at any point within the race. The mandrels of most machines are "rigidly" mounted, ie the resonant frequency of the mandrel is higher than the normal operating speed, in which case this type of balancer makes the balance even worse in practice.

In the case of fluid compensators, there are two types: (1) annular chamber type and (2) multichamber type.

The first type of device is US Patent No. 1 to 1ebanc,
According to No. J 09.730, there is an annular tube or passage partially filled with fluid that freely communicates with any point along the rod. A prerequisite for the function of this balancer is a "flexible" suspension of the axle. Equilibrium correction cannot be maintained independently of vibration level.

In principle, such devices cannot absolutely eliminate vibrations, but only reduce them through a "mass damping" effect.

Other types of fluid balancers employ a plurality of circumferentially arranged chambers that do not communicate with each other but with annular grooves, and each chamber communicates with a respective groove.

A stationary nozzle injects a jet of fluid into adjacent chambers to fill each chamber. Once this fluid enters the chamber, it cannot be removed except by the mandrel stopping and allowing the fluid to fall out by gravity. This is an open cycle and is an irreversible measure.

The present invention relates to a closed-loop, multi-chamber design, stem-mounted hydraulic unbalance compensator. The balanced mass can be transferred indefinitely between the chambers without losing its balanced state even in a stationary state.

The fluid balance mass is not moved as a whole, but is transported incrementally as a vapor, allowing for precise balance correction while retaining a high degree of correction capability. Without moving weight and associated mechanisms, its speed of use is limited only by construction considerations.

The balance mass is transferred between symmetrically and circumferentially arranged chambers. Mass transfer is accomplished by creating a temperature difference between fluids contained in opposing chambers. The higher vapor pressure of the higher temperature forces the vapor through the transfer tube to the opposing cooler chamber where it is condensed.

The boat end of the transfer tube is located within the chamber, but positioned so that fluid will not flow into this tube and into other chambers whether the compensator is rotating or stationary. Therefore, only steam is accumulated while freely moving between the chambers.

Creating a temperature difference between the fluids in opposing chambers is accomplished through the use of heating or cooling devices, alone or in combination. Although not necessarily limited to this,
The heating or cooling device may be electrical in nature, such as resistive heating or Beltier effect cooling. Devices such as fins or convolutions exposed to ambient conditions are disposed in the chamber and configured to dissipate and absorb heat to and from the equilibrium fluid and steam. If an electric heating or cooling system is used, current can be passed from an external electrical supply through a slip ring to the rotating compensator, or it can be supplied by a battery attached to the compensator itself. .

Room selection is determined by external means such as switches or relays, or by signal responsive means mounted within the compensator. Such control signals may use electromagnetic, acoustic, or other non-mechanical devices to avoid direct physical contact of the non-rotating elements with the compensator.

A conventional electronic vibration measuring device determines the amount and position of the unbalance so that the appropriate chamber is selected for mass transfer.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a typical application of the invention to a grinding machine. It is located adjacent to the compensator/wheel 22 . Vibration transducer t and proximity sensor 2! provide the electronic device 3 with vibration magnitude and mandrel position signals, respectively. The electronic device 3 indicates the position and amount of the unbalance of the grinding wheel 2.2. This is done by monitoring the phase angle of the vibration signal relative to the reference signal 3, which phase angle indicates the circumferential position of the unbalance. The appropriate compensator chamber is selected and controlled via slip ring 21.

In this application, this compensator is automatically controlled by an electronic device 3 as shown in FIG.

A Q-chamber compensator configuration and a three-chamber compensator configuration are schematically illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 7, respectively. A partition 23 defines the terminal boundary of the chamber. The heating element 9 allows each chamber to be heated independently of the other chambers.

In Figure 2, the opposing chamber Otsu and chamber za are transfer tube 1.
Steam is communicated between the two chambers through the two chambers.

Similarly, chamber S and chamber 7 communicate via tube //.

FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in which all chambers 2 communicate with each other via transfer tubes 2'l.

3 and 3 show lateral and axial cross-sections of a device of the type shown in FIG. In Figure 6, the opposing chamber 6 and the chamber rim consist of a corrugated hose, the details of which are shown in Figures 5 and 6. The convoluted portion of the chamber /S provides an increased heat transfer surface in contact with the equilibrium fluid /S on the inside and in contact with the surrounding medium.

A heating element wire covered with electrical insulation spirally surrounds the chamber between the convoluted sections.

The heating element conductors are bundled into a cable/q whose ends are connected to brushes that contact the slip ring/g. The slip ring rests in a bearing supported by the slip ring housing 2 attached to the face of the compensator housing. These brushes rotate with the compensator while the ring remains stationary. The conductors from the stationary slip ring are housed in a cable/7 connected to a power supply and control device (not shown). holes /3 and /II with different radial spacing surround the chamber for heat dissipation purposes;
Used to introduce ambient media such as air.

Figures 3 and 3 clearly demonstrate that the transfer tubes 10 and/or have their open ends located near the three-dimensional geometric center of the chamber. The fluid only partially fills the system so that no chamber contains more than half of its total volume. Therefore, the liquid level of the fluid/B remains constant even if the compensator is rotating or stationary.
and never reach the open end of ll. - The volume of the chamber not occupied by fluid functions as a steam condenser with the heat dissipating surface area provided by the convoluted portion lj.

It is to be understood that the above description of the operation and construction of the unbalance compensator is for a particular/embodiment that uses the principle of evaporation and condensation of balanced masses. Heating, cooling, achieving evaporation and condensation of the equilibrium mass in order to spatially transport or redistribute the equilibrium mass within the balance device.
Any device can be implemented within the scope of this invention, such as ultrasonic, chemical, or other devices.

The embodiments of this invention will be described as follows.
2. A mandrel-mounted balancing device according to claim 1, wherein said device for creating a differential state comprises a device for causing a heat flow to and from said fluid and said vapor contained therein. A mandrel-mounted balancing device according to embodiment 1, further comprising fins to facilitate the transfer of heat to the balancing fluid and the vapor and from the same to the surrounding medium.

3. A mandrel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chamber is made of a convoluted tube, the convoluted portion providing an increased surface area both to the fluid and the vapor within the chamber and to the surrounding medium outside the chamber. Wearable balance device.

A mandrel-mounted balancing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an electrical heating element wire is arranged, preferably electrically insulated and spirally surrounding the circumference of the chamber, for heating the fluid within the chamber.

Left: A mandrel-mounted balancing device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a transfer tube or passage connecting the chambers to provide communication between the chambers.

(1) adding and/or removing heat to create a temperature difference in a fluid contained within generally circumferentially arranged chambers, and (2) applying and/or removing heat to create a temperature difference between said chambers due to a fluid vapor pressure difference created by said temperature difference; A method for balancing mass distribution in a mandrel-mounted balancing device comprising the step of creating a flow of vapor of said fluid.

7 (1) heating an equilibrium fluid contained within a first said chamber to generate steam, (2) transferring said steam to one or more said chambers, and (3) cooling said steam. Embodiment 6, which includes the step of condensing in the other room using means.
A balanced mass distribution method for a spindle-mounted balancing device as described in .

The fluid may (1) locate the boat end of the steam communication device approximately in the three-dimensional geometric center of the chamber, and (2) cover all of the chambers, as determined by the number of chambers and the method of connecting the classrooms. The spindle-mounted balancing device according to embodiment 6, wherein the rotary composition is retained in the chamber under static conditions at any position by filling the chamber with an average fluid volume of 4 or less of the empty volume. Equilibrium mass distribution method.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an example of application of the spindle-mounted balance device according to the present invention to a grinding machine, FIG. 2nd each
5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a chamber according to the invention, FIG. 6 is a partial external view of said chamber, and FIG. 7 is a three-chamber compensation FIG. 2 shows an explanatory view similar to FIG. 2, including a container. l...Compensator 2...Drive device 3...Electronic device G...Vibration transducer j, Otsu, 7, Z... Compensator room...
Heating element 10, //...transfer tube lko...compensator chamber/3, /'I...hole lj...rotated part/≦・...Equilibrium fluid/7...Cable 1g...
Slip ring 19...Cable, 2
0...Bearing-2/°゛°°゛Slip spring housing 2...River/grind wheel, 23...Partition, 21I...Transfer tube 2...・・・・・・Proximity sensor

Claims (1)

[Claims] / in a mandrel-mounted balancing device, partially filled with a fluid having a liquid phase and a vapor phase and serving as a distributable equilibrium mass, and with free flow of vapors of said fluid between each other; a mandrel-mounted counterbalance comprising a plurality of circumferentially arranged chambers joined by a device that allows the flow of fluid vapor between the chambers; Device.