JPS587514A - Digital transit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make the device inexpensive and compact, by providing counting means which electrically count the rotary angle in a telescope fine adjusting mechanism, and making it possible to read the interpolation within the lowest readable unit. CONSTITUTION:A tightening handle 110 is untightened, and an angle point to be measured Pm is collimated with a center 200a of a cross lines 200. A this time, a reading means and pulse generator 153-1 outputs a main measuring angle scale output pulses corresponding to the rotary angle of the telescope to a counter 158-1. The counted value is inputted in an adder 159. Then the tightening handle 110 is tightened so as to engage a tightening frame 106 with a rotary shaft 101. Then a fine adjusting knob 117 is rotated so as to rotate the tightening frame 106 until the Pm is aligned with the center 200a. At this time, the main scale output pulses are outputted from the circuit 153-1 to the counter 158-1 by the rotation of the rotary shaft 101. At the same time, the vernier scale pulses are outputted from a pulse generating circuit 153-2 to a counter 158-2. The rotary angle is displayed 7 through the adder 159 and an operator 161.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention is related to a digital transit that uses an encoder ttI to adjust the horizontal angle, elevation angle, etc.

As shown in l111m1, the digital transit consists of an i*m mirror l and a support post 2 that rotatably supports the telescope 11.
m, 2bt s2 and 2 bt M [II wa 1
It is composed of 1 movably supported 1 wrinkle 3, and the lower part KFi horizontal degree 11 of the cradle part 2! A professional O photoelectric encoder 4 is built-in. The determined main code i[4], these codes @4a9, the slit plate 4b, and the optical element 4C for 1m, and the receiving element number for receiving the light. It consists of Also, for the 2k trestle support.

Due to the configuration of rt74IIa, the angle 5 is designed to vary the angle of elevation from the rotation angle. In addition, strut 2aKlis encoder 4% 5
From O1! 6. Calculation unit for processing the signal to convert it into an angle value.6. A display 7 is disposed that digitally displays the angle value from the calculation unit 6 as a horizontal minute angle and an elevation angle.

In the measurement using the digital transit, as shown in FIG. 2, the telescope 1 is rotated to standardize the measurement point Pg.

This is done by reading the rotation angle of the stand at that time using an encoder.

This type of digital transit is a rounded display where the II degree is digitally displayed, and the display readout is the conventionally common optical degree ll! It has the advantage that it is much simpler than the reading method, has fewer errors, and has fewer reading errors. Furthermore, since the encoder's calculations are performed using electric circuits, data storage, writing, and readout for each measurement in various surveying methods such as direct-reverse observation, double angle surveying, and traverse surveying, as well as reference angle definition, can be performed by switch operation. It has the advantage of being easy to do with just one.

On the other hand, the lowest reading is a fundamental problem in digital measurement.
It has the disadvantage that sub-unit readings, that is, interpolation within the lowest reading unit, is not possible. That is, in Fig. 2, the lowest reading unit of this digital transit is 1ON, and the PO point of telescope 1 is 142°.
When the angle is measured as 52'50", in this transit, pl, p2, and Ps are measured within the lowest reading unit.
All measurement points are 142° 52' 50
”, and the disadvantage is that it is not possible to measure small angles smaller than that. One way to solve this problem is to make the encoder smaller, but this has the disadvantage of significantly increasing the cost. In order to increase the accuracy by increasing the pitch to t, it is conceivable to increase the diameter of the code plate, but this has the disadvantage that the transshift itself becomes bulky and causes operational inconvenience. In the incremental encoder I,
If the grating pitch is made smaller, there is also the disadvantage that the rotation speed becomes faster and the number of stitches becomes impossible at nine o'clock.

The present invention has been developed to solve the drawbacks of the conventional digital transit system, and its structure is that the conventional transit system has an internal gun mechanism in addition to the fine movement mechanism of the carrier part O. be. Its structural features include a telescope, a rotating means for rotating the telescope about the vertical and/or horizontal axis, and a mechanism for rotating the telescope by a minute angle about the vertical and/or horizontal axis. a fine movement mechanism, a reading means for electrically reading the amount of rotation angle of the rotating means, a calculating means for calculating the read signal obtained from the reading means into a digital value, and a calculating means for converting the calculation result from the positive calculating means into a digital value. and a display means for displaying a value, the fine movement mechanism is provided with a counting means for electrically counting the rotation angle of the fine movement mechanism, and the lowest unit that can be measured by the reading means is It is characterized by being able to read the contents by interpolation.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The telescope 1 shown in Figure @1 is composed of a support 151b supported by a -1 support 180 fixed to the support 03 by a support 2ms 2b. Here, the first slit plate and the second slit plate have a 90° phase shift 106, and a fitting hole 107 and a female screw portion 108 are formed in the longitudinal direction of the arm portion 106, respectively. . The fitting hole 107
The top 10G is inserted into the hole, and the 9th female screw part 10 is inserted.
A tightening screw 111 having a locking knob 11G is screwed into the screw 8, and a tip end 1111 of the tightening screw 111 is in contact with the piece 109. On one side of the housing 103,
Spring holder 11 having a cylinder portion 112 in the axial direction
3 is installed. Inside the cleaner part 112 is a piston 1 that slides inside the cleaner through a spring 114.
15 is invaginated, and the tip of this piston is /gune 1
14 is pressed against the side surface of the arm portion 106.

A fine movement female screw 116 is attached to the other side of the integral body 103, and a fine movement knob 11 is attached to the female screw of the fine movement female screw 116.
A fine movement male screw 118 having a diameter of 7 is screwed in. An encoder plate 11 for in-house insertion and reading is installed in the middle part of the fine movement male screw 118.
9 and a washer 120 are fixed to each other, and these are rotated by rotating the fine adjustment knob K. An interpolation angle reading means 121 is provided between the encoder 41119 and the washer 120 for reading the rotation angle of the interpolation encoder plate 119. A support member 122 that moves back and forth is held in place. In addition, fine movement male screw 11
The tip 123 of 8 is connected to the piston 115 of the arm 106.
is in contact with the side opposite to the side to be pressed. In addition,
Here, the configuration of the interpolation angle reading means 121 is as follows.
It is composed of the same woodcutter as 0.

Next, a circuit for calculating and displaying the detection signal with the above configuration will be explained. No.j! gl, the light receiving output S11 from the first light receiving element 151Jl is amplified by the amplifier 152a, and the light receiving output S1 from the second light receiving element 151b is amplified by the amplifier 152a.
b is amplified @152bK. The output from the amplifier 152m is output as a sine waveform output as shown as 1s in FIG. 6(-). i9, the output from amplifier 152b is output as a sine waveform output shown as Ib.

Both outputs 'ms'b have a phase shift of 90°. Both of these outputs 'atlb are input to Schmitt-Trial circuits 154m and 154b, respectively, and are converted into rectangular wave outputs as shown in (6th axis) and (c). The rectangular wave output formed by one circuit 154a% 154b of the L unit is input to the differentiating circuit 15B. The differentiating circuit 155 connected thereto or in collaboration with the four-pulse generating circuit 156 detects the rising edge of each rectangular wave output as shown in FIG. 6(d),(e). ”
The output from the Schmidt trigger circuit 1s4ax154b is input to the direction discrimination circuit 156, where the direction of rotation of the main code plate 4m is discriminated.The direction discrimination is performed by, for example, Figure 6(b), (
In c), when the output changes in the direction of the arrow ^ with the position of ), and at position θ (
1,1). Similarly, when the output changes along the direction of arrow B, (0,0), (0,1), (1,1)
and changes. And the changes are (0,0), (1,0),
(1, 1) in the positive direction, (0, 0) (0,
1) A case where the direction changes to (1, 1) is determined to be the opposite direction. The output from the differentiating circuit 155 is synthesized by a synthesizer 157,
Output pulses so1, so2 as shown in FIG. 5(f)K
...$06...Generates SOS. This output /f pulse is counted by the first counter circuit 15g-1 and output to the adder circuit 159. On the other hand, reading means 1
It has the same configuration as the 21Fi reading/depositing means lOO. The light receiving outputs 82a%S2b from two light receiving elements (not shown) are amplified by amplifiers 160m and 160b, respectively, to output a sine wave output waveform as shown in FIG. Note that, as in the reading means 100, the output waveforms from the two light receiving elements are out of phase by 90 degrees. The outputs from amplifiers 160a, 160b are connected to Schmitt trigger circuits 1541% 154b and differentiator circuits 155. A second pulse generating circuit 15B- having the same configuration as the first pulse generating circuit 153-1 having a direction determining circuit 156 and a synthesizer 157.
2 is input. Then, the first pulse generation circuit 153-
1 and generates an output/dulse having the same contents as in FIG. 6(2m) as shown in FIG. 6(2m). This output/4 pulses 0-1) is the second counter circuit 15
8-2 and is counted. Here, the output /f pulse $0 counted by the first counter circuit 158-1
1, $02......The count set pulse R8 of the second counter circuit is output from the first counter circuit 158-1 in synchronization with the count of SON.

That is, the second counter circuit 158-2 receives the output pulse $01.51y from the 2/arm pulse generating circuit 153-2.
2, S"5B--... is counted, but the first
Cow 7#-Reset from circuit 158-1/f pulse R8
The count is reset every time ``S'' is input, and counting starts again from ``S''. In other words, the second counter circuit uses the count pulse number of the first counter circuit as the upper digit, and interpolates the upper digit within this higher digit as a finer sub-method. and,
The count number from the second counter circuit 15g-2 is added to the first counter circuit 158-1 by the addition circuit 159.
It is added to the count number from . That is, a count result is output in which the number of the first counter circuit, which is the upper digit, is interpolated by N, and the count number of the second counter circuit, which is the lower digit, is interpolated by 01. This output is arithmetic converted into an angle f value corresponding to a predetermined count number in the arithmetic circuit 161, and then displayed on the display circuit 7 as an angle value.

Next, the angle measurement operation of the digital transit configured as described above will be explained. First, with the tension handle 110 closed, that is, the tension frame 106 is not engaged with the rotation shaft 101, the telescope 1 is rotated to roughly standardize the angle measurement point Pm. At this time, it is assumed that the angle measurement point is set near the center 200a of the crosshair 200 within the field of view of one telescope 1, as shown in FIG. At this time, the reading means 100 and the first pulse generating circuit 153-1 connected thereto,
A main angle scale output pulse, which corresponds to the telescope rotation angle from a predetermined 0° position, is generated, and the first
Counter circuit 158-IK output.

The first counter circuit 158 - 1 counts the main scale/arm pulse number and inputs it to the addition circuit 159 . As an example of the main scale output pulse at this time, 80
Assuming 2 pulses, the corresponding angle value of this pulse is 143°
30'20'. Next, after tightening the tension handle 110 and engaging the tension frame 106 and the rotation shaft 101,
When the fine adjustment knob 117 is rotated to push and move the tension frame 106, the tension frame is rotated. Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, the rotary wheel 101 is slightly rotated until the angle measurement point pm aligns with the center 200g of the crosshair. At this time, as the rotating shaft assembly 1010 rotates, the first pulse generating circuit 153-1
From main scale output pulse 803.804,...
is output and counted by the first counter circuit 158-1. At the same time, as the fine adjustment knob 1170 of the interpolation reading encoder plate 119 rotates, the output pulses SO1, SO2, etc. from the second pulse generation circuit 153-2, which are the outputs of the lower digits of the cut-off scale, are generated. . is output and counted by the second counter circuit 158-2. However, the vernier scale count number in the second counter circuit 15g-2 is reset for each count in the first counter circuit by the reset/f pulse FIR synchronized with the main scale count of the first counter circuit. Therefore, Fig. 7 BK
As shown, if the main and vernier scale output pulse positions are set to pm when the measured angle point Pm is completely referenced, then
Output of main scale output pulse train Fig. 6 (f) / analog pulse 305
After being reset by R81C, the count number 30,000 in the vernier scale output pulse train in FIG. 6(h) can be considered as the corresponding output pulse.

Here, assuming that one pulse of the main scale output pulse train in FIG. 6(f) corresponds to 10" of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 101, the force I9 of the main scale ratio 805 is:
It corresponds to a rotation angle of 143°30'50".Also, since the vernier scale output pulse is interpolated by dividing the main scale output pulse 1/Yars into 5, the vernier scale output pulse/1 of 9Rus is The pulse corresponds to 2" in angle. Therefore, the vernier scale output 804 at the pm position is 8#, and as a result, the calculation output of the calculation circuit 161 is 143°50'50'+8'
=145°50'-56'), this is output to the display and displayed.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional digital transit, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the electric circuit of the above embodiment for angle measurement of digital transit, Fig. 6 is a timing chart of the circuit of Fig. 5, and Fig. The figure is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the crosshairs of the reference telescope and the angle measurement points. 118...Fine movement male screw, 117...Fine movement knob, 1
19... Encoder plate for interpolation, 121...
Interpolation reading means, 153-1, 153-2...No9 pulse generation circuit, 158-1, 158-2...Counter circuit, 161...Arithmetic circuit, 7...Display circuit FIG.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A rotating means for rotating the telescope and the wrinkled telescope about vertical and/or horizontal axes, and a fine movement mechanism for rotating the wrinkled rotating means by a minute angle about the vertical and/or horizontal axis. , a reading means for electrically reading the amount of rotation angle of the rotating means, a calculation means for calculating a nine read signal obtained from the reading means into a digital angle value, and displaying the calculation result from the print calculation means as a digital value. In the digital transit having a display means, the fine movement mechanism is provided with a counting means for electrically measuring the rotation angle by the number of stitches, thereby making it possible to interpolate and read within the lowest unit of the readability table of the reading means. Digital transit featuring. (2) The digital transit according to claim 1, wherein the reading means and the counting means are photoelectric encoders.