JPS5858896B2 - Chiyokuri Yuukai Tendenki - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a DC rotating electric machine.

Conventionally, a small three-pole DC motor using a commutator is shown in Figure 1a.
, b, each pole coil 11 to 13 of the rotor is Y-connected or Δ-connected to directly read each commutator piece 14 to 16 of the commutator, and the brushes 17, 18 and commutator piece 14 are connected from the DC power source. ~1
Power was supplied to each pole coil 11-13 via 6.

However, in such a DC motor, each pole coil 1
In the Y-connection of coils 1 to 13, current always flows in two of the three coils 11 to 13, and when looking at one coil, the percentage of rotation during one rotation is idle.

Furthermore, in the case where the coils 11 to 13 of each pole are connected in a Δ manner, only half the current flowing through the other two coils flows through two of the three coils 11 through 13.

Therefore, it has been difficult to significantly reduce the size of these DC motors without reducing their rotational torque.

In view of these points, the present invention aims to provide a DC rotating electrical machine with a large rotational torque per unit volume.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 2, the brush 21 is composed of contacts 22, 23 made of a conductive material and a support 24 made of an electrically insulating material, and is formed into a disk shape.

The contact points 22 and 23 are formed in a disk shape and are configured to be divided into two semicircular shapes by the band-shaped portion 25 of the support body 24.

The strip portion 25 is an electrically insulating region that is formed in a strip shape of a predetermined width and extends from the lower surface of the support 24 through the center, and is interposed between the contacts 22 and 23, and is at the same level or slightly lower than the surface of the contacts 22 and 23. Configured in height.

The contacts 22 and 23 are connected to both ends of an external DC power source by cords 26 and 27.

The brush 21 has a band-shaped portion 25 that is connected to the magnetic field N − of the field magnet 28 .
8, and is fixed together with the magnet 28 to a support that becomes the case of the DC motor.

The magnet 28 is formed into an annular shape and is made of, for example, a permanent magnet that generates a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to and parallel to its center line.

The commutator 29 is fixed to the rotating shaft 31 so as to coincide with the center line of the rotor 30, and has three pairs of contacts made of a conductive material that serve as six mutually insulated commutator pieces with spring properties. Piece 3
2 to 37 and an annular support body 38 made of an electrically insulating material.

The three pairs of contact pieces 32-37 each have three pairs of contacts 39-44.
are formed, and these three pairs of contact points 39 to 44 are arranged on a line equiangularly distributed around the rotation axis 31 in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 31, facing each sealing can via the rotation axis 31, and forming the same circle. They are arranged at regular intervals on the circumference.

The commutator 29 is arranged concentrically with the brush 21, that is, the rotating shaft 31 of the brush 21 is rotatably inserted into its center hole, and the commutator 29 is arranged concentrically with the rotating shaft 31. A center hole 45 is inserted into the rotary shaft 31 and fixed to the lower side of the brush 21 .

The contacts 39 to 44 have a degree of freedom in a direction substantially parallel to the rotating shaft 31 due to the spring properties of the contact pieces 32 to 37.
．． 23 with a predetermined pressure.

The width of the band-shaped portion 25 of the support body 24 is set to be slightly wider than the width of the adjacent contacts of the contacts 39 to 42, and is configured so that each of the contacts 39 to 44 does not contact both of the contacts 22 and 23 at the same time. Ru.

The three pairs of contact pieces 32 to 37 connect each pole coil 5 of the rotor 30 to each sealing can via lead wires 46 to 51, as also shown in FIG. 1C.
Both ends 56-61 of 3-55 are connected.

The rotor 30 is fixed to a rotating shaft 31 and integrated with a commutator 29, and has an iron core that protrudes radially in three directions at equal angles from the center, and the protruding iron core portions 62 to 62.
It has a three-pole structure in which the coils 53 to 55 are respectively wound around the coil 64.

The three pairs of contacts 39 to 44 are arranged in the iron core portion 62 in the arrangement direction of each pair.
The rotor 30 is configured to coincide with the axial direction of the rotor 30
is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the magnet 28.

In a small 2-pole 3-slot DC motor constructed in this way, if the positional relationship is as shown in Fig. 2, for example, the contact 4
1.42 contacts contact 23, contact 40.44 contacts contact 22, and coil 54.55 contacts arrow 65.6.
Current flows in six directions, producing an S pole in the iron core portion 63 and an N pole in the iron core portion 64, which interacts with the magnet 28 to generate the rotor 3.
0 is given a rotational torque in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure.

Now, as shown in Figure 3 A and A', the contact point is 39°43
comes into contact with the strip-shaped portion 25 of the brush 21, and the contacts 41,
When the contact 42 is in contact with the contact 22 and the contacts 40 and 44 are in contact with the contact 23, no current flows through the coil 53 and no magnetic pole is generated in the iron core portion 62.

A current flows through the coils 54 and 55 in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure.
N and S poles are generated in the iron core portions 63 and 64, respectively, and a clockwise rotational torque is generated in the rotor 30 as shown by the arrow in the figure.

Due to this rotational torque, the rotor 30 rotates together with the commutator 29, and as shown in FIG.
A current flows through the iron core portion 62, and an S pole is generated in the iron core portion 62.

When the rotor 30 rotates further and the contacts 42, 44 come into contact with the strip portion 25 of the brush 21 as shown in FIG. .

When the rotor 30 rotates further and reaches the third position, and the contacts 44.22 and 42.23 contact each other as shown in D', a current flows in the opposite direction to the coil 55, causing N to the core portion 64. A pole arises.

Similarly, rotational torque is generated thereafter, and the rotor 30 rotates in the same direction.

In the above embodiment, the brush 21 and the commutator 29 are arranged side by side along a direction parallel to the rotating shaft 31, but they may be arranged coaxially as shown in FIG. 4.

That is, the commutator is composed of a support 67 made of an insulating material fixed to the rotating shaft 31 and a plurality of pairs of commutator pieces 68 to 73 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the support 67.

The plurality of pairs of commutator pieces 68 to 73 are located on equiangularly distributed lines centered on the rotating shaft 31, facing each other via the rotating shaft 31, and have circular outer peripheral surfaces.

The commutator pieces 68 to 73 are arranged at small intervals, and the brushes 74 and 75 are pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the commutator pieces 68 to 73 due to their spring properties.

The brushes 74, 75 are formed in a semicircular shape, and the gap t1 between them is set to be slightly larger than the width t2 of each commutator piece 68-73.

The brushes 74, 75 are fixed by supports 76, 77 and connected to both ends of a DC power source 78.

As shown in FIG. 5, the commutator pieces 68' to 73' having a smaller width t2 are used as the commutator pieces 68 to 73, and the brushes 74.
75, the gap t1 therebetween may be slightly wider than the width of the gap 74'75'.

Although the above embodiment describes an example in which the present invention is applied to a 2-pole 3-slot type small DC motor, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a multi-pole DC motor as well as a small DC motor. In addition to electric motors, it can also be applied to general DC motors.

Further, the speed can also be controlled using a conventionally used mechanical governor or electronic governor.

Further, the present invention is not limited to DC motors, but can be applied to DC generators in exactly the same way.

As described above, according to the DC rotating electric machine according to the present invention, each pole coil of the rotor is connected in parallel to the DC power source through the commutator and brushes, so compared to the conventional DC motor, when using a DC power source of the same voltage, The current flowing through the coil increases and the rotational torque increases.

That is, stronger rotational torque can be obtained at lower voltage than with conventional DC motors.

From another perspective, when obtaining a DC motor with the same rotational torque, the number of turns of the coil can be reduced, making it much more compact than conventional DC motors.

In other words, it is very advantageous in terms of rotational torque per volume.

Furthermore, if the commutator and brushes are placed side by side and in contact with each other along the direction parallel to the rotation axis, the commutator and brushes can be made thinner and smaller, and it is easier to bring the commutator and brushes into contact with each other. , and become certain.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1a and 1c are wiring diagrams of a conventional DC motor and a rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 2a and 2b are exploded perspective views showing an embodiment of the present invention and a brush in the same embodiment. The perspective views shown in FIGS. 3A and 3D' are diagrams for explaining each operating state of the above embodiment, and FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively show a commutator and a brush in other embodiments of the present invention. It is a plan view. 21... Brush, 22.23... Contact point,
29...Commutator, 30...Rotor, 3
1... Rotating shaft, 32-37... Commutator piece, 53-55... Coil.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a DC rotating electrical machine, a plurality of commutator pieces are located on equiangularly distributed lines centered on the rotational axis of a rotor, are opposed to each other via the rotational axis, and are connected to each pole coil of the rotor. and a pair of brushes that are in contact with each commutator piece of the commutator, have an insulating area slightly wider than the width of the commutator piece, and are symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis. A DC rotating electrical machine, characterized in that the plurality of pairs of commutator pieces are connected to both ends of each of the pole coils, and each of the pole coils is sequentially connected in parallel to a DC power source.