JPS5856908B2 - Graphic pattern matching device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a graphic pattern matching device for extracting a difference changing portion between two digital binary figures.

This type of conventional device, as shown in FIG. 1, has two corresponding digital figures A and H at the same position i.

By comparing two single-point data of j and performing this operation on a national map of size MXN, differences and changes between the two digital figures were extracted.

Conventional devices use the above method to change between two shapes,
Since the method extracts the difference, it has the disadvantage that incorrect judgments and extractions are often made if the two figures are not precisely aligned in advance.

The present invention has been devised to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and by processing not only the corresponding one-point data at corresponding positions of two figures, but also the figure data of the surrounding example points, The present invention provides a pattern matching device for figures that can extract differences and changes between two digital figures without being affected by positional deviations, and that can execute the process at high speed.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.

The structure of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 2 to 6.

Roughly speaking, this embodiment consists of a figure comparison device 1 and a figure enlargement device 2, as shown in FIG.

The figure comparison device 1 includes a figure memo I as shown in FIG.
J 3 , 4 , 9 , processed data extraction devices 5 , 6 , comparison calculation circuit 8 , comparison calculation control circuit 7 ,
From the two digital binary figures in the figure memories 3 and 4,
The processed data extraction devices 5 and 6 respectively extract the position to be compared and the graphic data around it, and input the extracted graphic data to the comparison calculation circuit 8, where the difference between the two digital graphic data, The presence or absence of a change is detected and the result is stored in the corresponding location in the graphic memory 9.

By performing the above series of processing over the entire area of the figure under the control of the comparison calculation control circuit 7,
Detect differences and changes between two shapes.

As shown in FIG. 4, the graphic enlarging device 2 is composed of an enlarging arithmetic circuit 10, a graphic memory 11, and an enlarging arithmetic control circuit 12. The area of change smaller than 2 is enlarged by the enlargement calculation circuit 10 and output to the graphic memory 11.

The enlargement calculation control circuit 12 controls the timing during this period.

The processed data extraction devices 5 and 6 are composed of delay circuits 13 and 14 and a region data extraction circuit 15, as shown in FIG. By passing through the delay circuits 13 and 14, the area data on the figure surface is transferred to the area data extraction circuit 15.
(Extracted from this.

As shown in FIG. 6, the comparison calculation circuit 8 is composed of area calculation circuits 16, 20, exclusive OR circuits 18, 22, and AND circuits 17, 19°2L 23, 24.

Process of comparing two digital binary figures A and B (here, when performing a comparison operation on the points i and j of the figure, as shown in Figure 1, the figure data of the 1+j point and the peripheral Prepare some data, here 3 x 3 point figure data centered on points i and j, i, 3 point data of figure A, and i of figure B.

A comparison operation is performed on the 3 x 3 point data including the j point, and then a comparison operation is performed on the i, 3 point data of figure B and the 3 x 3 point data including the ltj point of figure A, and the results of these two comparison operations are difference,
Only when it is determined that there is a change, it is determined that there is a difference in the data values of figures A and B at the same positions i and j.

This processing result figure C is represented by a binary figure, where the different parts are represented by "1" and the other parts are represented by "0".

This processed figure C is further enlarged in eight directions when its data value is "1", and the final result figure C shown in FIG.
becomes.

To explain the specific operation, first, in the figure comparison device, the digital binary figures A and B to be compared are retrieved point by point from the figure memories 3 and 4, respectively, as shown in FIG. The data is sequentially transferred to the processed data extraction devices 5 and 6 under the control of the comparison calculation control circuit 7, respectively.

In the processed data extraction devices 5 and 6, time-series input data passes through delay circuits 13 and 14 having a number of memories corresponding to the size of the figure in the transfer direction (FIG. 9).
Geometric data of a 3x3 square area is extracted as area data (
2) Stored in the path 15, the nine locations 1. . . , 9 graphic data al, .

The operation here is performed under the control of the comparison calculation control circuit 7.

In the comparison calculation circuit 8, the processed data extraction devices 5, 6
Position i from figures A and B shown in FIG.
, 3x3 point data centered on j, al t ・++
7 a9 tbl j ”' The following calculation is performed using >bg.

That is, position 1 of figure A. data a5 of j and figure B
3×3 point data b1. ... is compared with the data of νb9, and when all bi and a5 have different values, it is determined that there is a possibility of a difference or change, and the signal α1-1 is set (FIG. 6).

To explain this in detail, in the area calculation circuit 20, b
Perform the operation ■, which becomes "1" only when all of l, ..., b9 are equal, and "O" otherwise, and use the result as α
Set it to 2.

Here, the symbols , - represent logical product, logical sum, and logical negation, respectively.

Next, the AND circuit 21 performs an AND operation on bl and α2 to obtain α3.

Therefore, when α2 is "1" (when bl, . . . , b9 are all equal), this AND circuit 21c gives
bl...+t) It is determined whether all g are "0" or "1".

Here, in the exclusive OR circuit 22, the next exclusive OR operation (2) is performed on a5 and α3 to obtain α4.

Further, in the AND circuit 23, an AND operation is performed on α2 and α4, and the result is set as α1.

The above is the calculation method for a5 and bl, ..., b9.
The area calculation circuit 16, the AND circuits 17 and 19, and the exclusive OR circuit 18 perform calculations, and the result is set as β1.

That is, data b5 of positions i and j of figure B and data a1 of 3×3 points of figure A. ..., When the data of C9 are compared and all ai and b5 have different values, it is set as β1-1.

In this Figure 6, C5 and all bi (i=1, 2
．． ....

9), it becomes C1-1, and it is determined that there is a difference between C5 and bi.

When the status of this calculation is shown in the table, C1-1 is obtained only in the following two cases, and C1-O is obtained in all other cases.

The same is true even if

b5 and ai (In the AND circuit 24, C1 and β1
A logical AND operation is performed and the result is set as C1.

That is, if there is a difference or change in the graphic data at positions i and j of graphics A and B, C1=1, and in other cases, C1-0.

This calculation result C1 is transferred to the graphic memory 9, and under the control of the comparison calculation control circuit 7, the calculation result C1 is transferred to the corresponding position i.
.

j, and is stored sequentially in chronological order, and becomes a binary figure C.

The operation of the figure comparison device 1 has been described above, and next, the operation of the figure enlargement device 2 will be explained.

Note that since the figure comparison device 1 originally detects the difference between two figures by taking positional deviation into account, the size of the detected difference area is smaller than the difference area between two figures when positional deviation is not taken into account. It is extremely small.

The enlarging process of the difference area by the figure enlarging device 2 is a process for converting it into a size close to the original area.

Under the control of the enlargement operation control circuit 12 of the figure enlargement device 2, after the operation of the figure comparison device 1 is completed, data is sequentially transferred from the figure memory 9 to the enlargement operation circuit 10, where the next enlargement operation is performed. Do this.

That is, as shown in FIG. 8, when the data values of certain points ia and ja are "1", this point i is unconditionally.

Let the data value of 3×3 points centered on ja be “1”.

This means that the input and output of points i and j are respectively f(ltj)
When expressed as 2g(itj), it becomes as follows.

When f(ia, ja)-〇, g(ia5ja)-〇f
When (ia, ja) = 1, the results of this enlargement operation are sequentially transferred to the graphic memory 11 for all cases of the following 1btjb combinations,
The final result is a binary figure.

In this figure, the data value "1" is two figures A,
This indicates that there is a difference or change between B.

In the above embodiment, specific points i, j of two binary figures A and B
When performing comparison calculations, we used a square area of 3 x 3 points centered on points 1>3 to avoid being affected by slight positional deviations and noise, but depending on the processing target, we used a square area of 3 x 3 points, 5 x 5 points,
Even if the area is changed to a square area such as a 7×z point, the same effect can be obtained.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a device that can extract differences and changing parts between two digital binary figures at high speed without being affected by slight positional deviation or noise. It is.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence relationship between two graphic monitors, FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing the graphic comparison device of FIG. 2, and FIG. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the figure enlarging device, Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the processing data extraction device in Fig. 3, Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing the comparison calculation circuit in Fig. 3, and Fig. 1 is a comparison diagram. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the enlargement computation, FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the method of extracting graphic data, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of 3×3 point digital data. In the figure, 1 is a figure comparison device, 2 is a figure enlargement device, and 3 is a figure comparison device.
, 4, 9, and 11 are graphic memories, 5 and 6 are processing data extraction devices, 7 is a comparison calculation control circuit, 8 is a comparison calculation circuit, and 10
12 is an enlargement arithmetic circuit, 13 and 14 are enlargement arithmetic control circuits.
15 is a delay circuit, 15 is a region data extraction circuit, 16 and 20 are region calculation circuits, 17.19.21.23.24 is an AND circuit, and 18.degree. 22 is an exclusive OR circuit. The same reference numerals in the drawings indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a pattern matching device equipped with a figure comparing device that directly compares two digital binary figures and a figure enlarging device that performs an enlargement operation of the binary figure, a comparison operation of two binary figures is performed. When doing this (1) at the corresponding position of the two shapes
Comparison operations are performed not only on the point data but also on the figure data of the surrounding example points, and after performing this on all figures, the parts where there are differences or changes between the two binary figures are calculated. It is characterized by extracting a difference or a changing part between two binary figures by enlarging it by a size corresponding to the surrounding example points, and further, in a figure comparison device, the two binary figures A and B are When performing a comparison operation at the same positions i and j of figure A, the data values of points i and j of figure A and i of figure B
, and the data values of all 3 x 3 points centered on point j, and then compare the data values of points i and j of figure B with the data values of points i and j of figure A.
The two figures A are compared with all the data values of 3x3 points centered on points i and j, and only when these comparison operations G are determined to be different. B 1. A pattern matching device for figures, characterized in that it is determined that they are different at point j.