JPS5856812B2 - 3D analysis device - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention projects a three-dimensional image of a subject on a screen using two films that have been photographed three-dimensionally, and moves two buoys provided corresponding to each film to project the three-dimensional image. The image is moved in three-dimensional directions in the stereoscopic image, and based on the moving distance of each buoy, any two of the objects are
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional analysis device that measures actual dimensions between points.

The inventor of this invention developed the three-dimensional analysis device as described above in Patent Application No. 95803 of 1978←Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 53-20955.
(Refer to Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-111003), the outline of which will be explained with reference to FIG. 1 is as follows.

That is, this three-dimensional analysis device has two optical path systems corresponding to the two film holders 2 and 3 provided on the film table 1, and one optical path system is located below the film holder 2. A left light source 4 and a left condensing lens 5 are arranged, a left first mirror 6 which is arranged above the film holder 2 and changes the optical path in the horizontal direction, and a left mirror 6 which transmits light from the left first mirror 6. A lens 7, a left second mirror 8 that changes the optical path in the vertical direction, a left filter 9 that cuts light of a predetermined wavelength or a predetermined polarization angle from among the light from the left second mirror 8, and a half mirror 10. A third mirror 12 directs the optical path toward the screen 11.

The optical path system includes a right light source 13 and a right condensing lens 14 disposed below the film holder 3, and a right lens 15 disposed above the film holder 3.
Above it, there is a right first mirror 16 that changes the optical path horizontally, a right filter 17 that cuts light of a predetermined wavelength or a predetermined polarization angle from among the light from the right first mirror 16, and a right filter 17 that changes the optical path vertically. It consists of the half mirror 10 that changes the optical path, and a third mirror 12 that directs the optical path toward the screen 11.

Buoys 18 and 19 are attached to each film holder 2.
The buoys 18 and 19 are configured to be able to slide on the film held between the buoys 18 and 19, and the images of each buoy 18 and 19 are projected onto the screen 11 at the same time as the images of each film.

Further, one buoy 18 is fixed to an X-ray table 22 placed on a Y-ray table 21 via an arm 20, and several buoys 19 are placed on an X-axis full 22 via an arm 23. It is fixed to the Z-line table 24 placed thereon.

This Y-ray table 21 is driven in the longitudinal direction by a motor, a feed screw, or other appropriate means, and the amount of movement thereof is electrically detected, for example, by a rotary encoder 25. The table 21 is driven once in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement, and the amount of movement is electrically detected, for example, by a rotary encoder 26.
The X-ray table 24 is connected to the X-ray table 22 on the X-ray table 22.
1 is driven in the same direction as 2, and its movement amount is electrically detected, for example, by a rotary encoder 27, and the signals output from each rotary encoder 25, 26, and 27 are sent to a data processing device 28. On the other hand, the data is input to the microcomputer 29 via the numeral 29, and the number is input to the numerical display section 30 for digital display.

Then, each of the two films obtained by stereoscopic photography, that is, the two negative films obtained by photographing the same subject with the optical axis center shifted by an amount outside of parallax, is placed in the film holders 2 and 3. When they are placed parallel to each other and irradiated with light from the light sources 4 and 13, the images of each film are projected onto the screen 11, and at the same time the buoys 18 and 19 are projected onto the screen 11. When the image on the screen 11 is viewed through glasses equipped with two filters corresponding to the filters 9 and 17, the buoys 18 and 19 can be seen in the stereoscopic image along with the stereoscopic image of the subject. You can see the images floating as one.

Then, by driving the Y-ray table 21 and the X-ray table 22, the buoys 18 and 19 move over each film while keeping the mutual spacing constant. The projected images of the buoys 18 and 19 (hereinafter referred to as indicators) move vertically and horizontally in the stereoscopic image, and when the Z-line table 24 is driven, only one of the buoys 19 moves, thereby changing the distance between each buoy 18° and 19. changes, and as a result, the index moves in the depth direction within the stereoscopic image.

Therefore, when using a film obtained by X-ray photographing a subject (a human body, an electronic component molded with synthetic resin, etc.) as each film, the film and X-ray at the time of photographing are used.
The distance to the radiation source and the parallel movement distance corresponding to the parallax of the X-ray source are input into the microcomputer 29 in advance, and the buoy 18° 19 is moved to place an index, which is a projected image, in the stereoscopic image. The distance between the two points to be measured is sequentially adjusted, and the moving distance of each of the buoys 18, 19 during this period is detected by each of the rotary encoders 25, 26, 27 and inputted to the microcomputer 29. The distances in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions and the straight-line distance (actual size) L are calculated.

By the way, with the above-mentioned 3D analysis device, if the images of each film have a mutual shift corresponding to parallax, it is possible to obtain accurate 3D images without distortion, and as a result, accurate measurements can be made. However, the value of X
In order to obtain such a film by stereoscopic imaging using X-rays, the X-ray source must be moved precisely parallel to the film, or two X-rays placed parallel to the film can be used. It is necessary to take pictures using a source.

However, it is extremely difficult to accurately move the X-ray source parallel to the film and accurately measure the distance between the position of the X-ray source at one shooting point and the position of the X-ray source at Ikekata's shooting point. This is difficult, and therefore two X-ray sources are generally used to perform stereoscopic imaging.

However, since the distance between these X-ray sources in the direction parallel to the film corresponds to Iruma's parallax, the distance between the centers of each X-ray source must be set to a maximum of about 160 mm, but this is not normally used. The outer diameter of the X-ray source is 16
When performing stereoscopic imaging using two X-ray sources, the distance in the direction parallel to the film should be 160 m.
Each X-ray source must be slightly shifted in the vertical direction in order to keep the distance below m.

As a result, each film obtained by stereoscopic imaging in this way will not only have its image shifted out of parallax, but also the image of the film taken using an X-ray source located at a higher position will be different from the image taken using an X-ray source located at a lower position. The size of the image is smaller than that of a film taken using a camera, and the degree of reduction is even greater in areas where the subject is far from the film.

Therefore, if a three-dimensional image is projected using two such films, the three-dimensional image will be distorted, making it impossible to perform accurate measurements.

To explain this with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the second
The figure shows three subjects P1. P2. This shows a state in which P3 is placed on top of film F1 or F2 at regular intervals, and in this state X-rays are irradiated from two locations slightly different in height from film F1°F2 to perform stereoscopic imaging. The subject located at the top is the two films F1, whose images are significantly reduced. F2 is obtained.

When these two films are hung on the 3D analysis device described above and a 3D image of the object P, P2°F3 is projected, the image of the object P1 in the lower row (the elephant P'1 is almost normal) is shown in Figure 3. However, the images v2.p'3 of the subjects P2 and P3 in the middle and upper rows are in a state where they are tilted and floating in the three-dimensional space.

As a result of extensive research, we found that when X-ray tubes are placed at two locations at different heights from the film and three-dimensional images are taken,
Since a ray tube can be regarded as a point light source, the angle of incidence of the X-rays emitted from each location on the film is different, and as a result, the image of the film obtained by irradiating X-rays from a high location is different from that of a low location. Therefore, when projecting 3D images using these two films, it is necessary to eliminate the difference in the incident angle of X-rays during 3D imaging. They discovered that by tilting one of the films with respect to the projection light, it was possible to substantially correct the distortion of the stereoscopic image on the screen.

In addition, when one film is tilted, the distance between each part of the film and the magnifying lens changes linearly, but if the magnifying lens is moved, the distance between each part of the film and the magnifying lens changes linearly. He came up with the idea that it is possible to successively normalize the distance between

If the movement of the magnifying lens is linked to the movement of each buoy toward and away from each other, that is, the movement of the index in the depth direction, it is possible to automatically normalize the stereoscopic image of the target location where the index should be aligned. , Accompanying this is accurate measurement,
It was recognized that analysis could be performed, and this invention was made based on this recognition.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and the film arranged in one optical path system is tilted at an arbitrary angle with respect to the projection light passing through it, and each buoy is moved close to each other. Alternatively, if the index, which is the projected image, is moved in the direction toward the center in the stereoscopic image by separating them, the magnifying lens placed in one optical path system moves in the direction of the optical axis in conjunction with the mutual movement of each buoy. The object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional analysis device that accurately displays a three-dimensional image of the location where the index is located without causing distortion.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In the following embodiments, a drive mechanism is provided for each of the Z-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis tables, a drive mechanism is provided for the magnifying lens in one optical path system, and a tilting device is provided for one film holder. Since the installed points are different from the three-dimensional analysis device shown in Fig. 1, these different parts are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and the ponds are shown in Fig. 1. It is omitted in Figure 5.

In addition, the same parts in FIGS. 4 and 5 as in FIG. 1 are given the same numbers as those in FIG. 1.

The Y-axis table 21, which is movable in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
The X-axis table 22 is connected to the axis pulse motor 31 via a feed screw 32 and is provided on the Y-axis table 21 so as to be movable in the direction of arrow B. A Z-axis table 24 is connected to the motor 33 via a feed screw 34 and is further provided on the X-axis chiffle 22 so as to be movable in the direction of arrow C.
X-axis pulse motor 35 attached to the X-axis table 22
is connected to the feed screw 36 via a feed screw 36.

On the other hand, the image of the film placed on the film holder 2 is displayed on the screen 1 at a predetermined magnification (1x or more or 1x or less).
The left lens 7 for projecting onto
It is provided so as to move in the direction of the optical axis, that is, in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 4, by a drive mechanism consisting of a feed screw 38 rotated by.

Each of the pulse motors 31.33, 35.37 is
It is connected to a control device 39 consisting of a pulse generator, an amplifier, a pulse distributor, etc.
A first stake switch 40 for the Y axis and a second stake switch 40 for the Z axis.
An operating section consisting of a stake switch 41 is connected.

When the first stake switch 40 is tilted forward and backward, a pulse is sent from the control device 39 to the Y-axis pulse motor 31, and as a result, the Y-axis table 21 moves in the direction of arrow A via the feed screw 32. If the 1-stake switch 40 is tilted left and right, the control device 39 connects the X-axis pulse motor 3.
As a result, the X-axis table 22 is moved in the direction of arrow B via the feed screw 34.

Furthermore, when the second stake switch 41 is tilted left and right, pulses are sent from the control device 39 to both the Z-axis pulse motor 35 and the pulse motor 37, and as a result, the Z-axis table moves in the direction of the arrow through the feed screw 36. Simultaneously with the movement in the C direction, the left lens 7 is moved in the direction of the arrow via the feed screw 38 in conjunction with this movement.

Further, on one side of the left film holder 2, a support piece 42 and a support piece 42 erected on the film stand 1 and the film holder 2 are provided.
A tilting device consisting of a locking part 43 attached to is provided.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the support piece 42 is erected along the side surface of the left film holder 2 between the left and right film holders 2 and 3, and a support piece 42 is provided at the upper part of one side edge of the support piece 42. Two notches 42a slightly apart in the vertical direction,
42b is formed.

The locking portion 43 is attached to the film holder 2 so as to face one side edge of the support piece 42, and the locking portion 43 can be attached to the cutout portion 42a or 42b by turning a knob 43a. The locking piece 43b that engages with the locking piece 43b is configured to move forward and backward.

The left film holder 2 is attached to the locking piece 43b.
By engaging the locking piece 43b with one of the notches 42a, the film is tilted slightly, and by engaging the locking piece 43b with the notch 42b of the capacity, the film is further tilted. The placed film is inclined with respect to the optical axis of the projection light.

The angle of inclination of the film holder 2 varies depending on the imaging conditions during stereoscopic imaging, but as an example, in the case where the distance between two X-ray tubes in the direction parallel to the film is 160 degrees, it is around 4 degrees.

Here, we will discuss the interlocking relationship between the movement of the buoy 19 and the movement of the left lens 7 when a film whose image is slightly smaller than the normal one is placed on the left film holder 2. If you get close to
The index sinks in the direction away from the viewer in the 3D image, but since the 3D image at the point where the index is aligned in this way is not distorted that much, the left lens 7 is the optical path between this and the film. It is operated so that the optical path length is approximately the same as the optical path length between the right lens 15 and the corresponding film.

If the buoy 19 is moved away from the other buoy 18, the indicator will float toward the viewer in the 3D image, but by aligning the indicators in this way, the 3D image of the area will be displayed on the left film holder 2. Because the image of the film placed on it is slightly reduced, it is somewhat distorted.
The left lens 7 is operated so that the optical path length between it and the film is shortened, that is, the projected image of the film is slightly enlarged.

Therefore, if a film with a slightly reduced image is placed on the left film holder 2 and a film with a normal image is placed on the right film holder 3 and projected, the stereoscopic image will be as shown in Figure 3, for example. As shown, the image is distorted as a whole, but by tilting the left film holder 2 (that is, the film) at a predetermined angle using the tilting device attached thereto, it is possible to obtain a stereoscopic image with almost no distortion. can.

In this state, the pulse motors 31, 33, 35 of each axis
By driving the Z-axis pulse motor 35 once to move each buoy, the index, which is its projected image, moves in a three-dimensional direction in the stereoscopic image, but by driving the Z-axis pulse motor 35 once, each buoy 18. When separated, the index moves toward or away from the viewer in the 3D image, and the left lens moves in conjunction with this, and as a result, the 3D image at the point where the index is aligned in the depth direction is Coupled with tilting the film and almost correcting the distortion, a normal 3D image with completely no distortion is created.

As shown in FIG. 2, the subject P1. F2゜F3
is placed, X-rays are irradiated from two locations at different heights from the film F1 or F2, and three-dimensional imaging is performed. To explain the case of projecting a 3D image using F2, when index 0 is set to the 3D image P' of the object P1 in the lower row, this 3D image P'1 is an iE normal 3D image, as shown in Figure 6a. It has become a statue, and the subject of the pond P2. P3 stereoscopic video v2. PI3 is in a slightly distorted state.

Next, when the index O is aligned with the stereoscopic image v2 of the object P2 in the middle row, that is, the buoys 18 and 19 are relatively separated, and the left lens 1 is moved to the left in Fig. 4 in conjunction with this. In this case, the projection magnification of the film corresponding to the left lens 7 increases, so that each film F1. The projected images of F2 match, and as a result, the middle three-dimensional image v2 becomes a normal three-dimensional image as shown in Figure 6, and the three-dimensional image of the pond p', ,
F3 becomes slightly distorted.

Similarly, when the index O is aligned with the upper three-dimensional image P'3, the upper three-dimensional image V3 becomes a normal three-dimensional image, and the pond is slightly distorted, as shown in FIG. 6C.

In addition, the three-dimensional analysis apparatus having the above configuration is configured such that at the same time that pulses are sent to the pulse motors 31, 33, and 35 of each axis, the same number of pulses are sent from the control device 39 to the microcomputer 29.
The movement distance of the table 21, 22, 24 on each axis is measured by counting the pulses input to the camera, and the actual dimension between any two points in the object is calculated based on the measured value. There is.

Note that this calculation method is the same as when using the three-dimensional analysis apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and is as proposed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 51-96803.

As is clear from the above explanation, the 3D image of the area where the indicators, which are the projected images of each buoy 18 and 19, are combined always becomes a normal 3D image, so by moving each buoy 18 and 19, the indicator can be transformed into a 3D image. When moving continuously in a three-dimensional direction in an image, the 3D image at each point during the movement becomes a normal 3D image, and therefore the index moves in a normal 3D image without distortion. Therefore, accurate measurement and analysis without errors can be performed.

In the above embodiment, the projected images of each film are made to coincide by tilting the film with the smaller image and enlarging the projection. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Contrary to the example, the projected images of each film may be made to coincide by tilting the film with the larger image in the opposite direction to that of the above embodiment and projecting the film in a reduced size.

Furthermore, the way each optical path system is assembled can be changed in various ways, and therefore, depending on the way the optical path systems are assembled, the magnifying lens may be provided to face in the vertical direction.

Furthermore, the drive mechanism for moving the buoys toward or apart from each other and the drive mechanism for moving the magnifying lens is not limited to the pulse motor and feed screw as in the above embodiment, but may include a DC motor and gears. A variety of combinations can be used, and the key is to move the magnifying lens in one optical path system in conjunction with the approach and separation of each buoy, thereby obtaining an index that is a projected image of each buoy. Any 3D image may be used as long as the 3D image of the combined portion becomes a normal 3D image.

Furthermore, the tilting device for tilting one of the film holders (that is, the film) is not limited to the one in the above embodiment, but may be configured so that the tilt angle can be changed continuously by, for example, rotating a feed screw with a motor. If such a tilting device is used, the imaging conditions are not particularly limited, and therefore a variety of films with different imaging conditions (especially the height of the X-ray tube from the film) can be used. I can do it.

As explained above, according to the three-dimensional analysis device of this explanation,
By attaching a tilting device to one of the film holders that can arbitrarily set its inclination angle, and by attaching a drive mechanism to the magnifying lens in one of the optical path systems, each buoy can be approached easily.
The driving mechanism is configured to move the magnifying lens in the direction of its optical axis in conjunction with the separation operation, and the magnifying lens moves as the buoys approach or separate from each other, thereby Match the projected image of the image,
Since we have made the 3D image of the location where the index, which is the projected image of the buoy, a normal 3D image, if we move each buoy and move the index in the 3D direction in the 3D image,
Even if the overall 3D image is distorted due to height errors from the film that has been exposed to X-rays during 3D photography, by tilting one film and moving the magnifying lens, each projected image will match. As a result, the location where the index is located always becomes a normal 3D image, so X-rays are irradiated from two locations at different heights from the film to take a 3D image of the appropriate subject, and one film image is higher than the actual film image. Even if they are small, accurate measurements and analyzes can be performed using these films.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows a basic outline of the conventional three-dimensional analysis equipment, including the countries that constitute it.
Figure 2 is a perspective view showing how three objects are placed on the film when they are simultaneously photographed in 3D using X-rays, Figure 3 is a simulated view of the 3D image, and Figure 4 is FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view showing an example of a tilting device; FIG. 6 a, b, and c are simulations of the conditions in which the indicators are aligned with three-dimensional images of three objects. FIG. 7...Left lens, 11...Screen, 15...Right lens, 18, 19...
Buoy, 37...Pal motor, 38...
Feed screw, 39... Control device, 42...
・Support piece, 42a, 42b... Cutout, 43
...Locking part, 43b...Locking piece, 0.
...Indicator, Pl, P2. P3...Subject, I)'1. P2. P3...3D image.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Each of the two films obtained by stereoscopic photography is placed on a film holder, and the images of each film are transmitted to the wavelength or A three-dimensional image of the subject is projected by projecting projection lights with different polarization angles onto a screen in an overlapping manner, and two buoys corresponding to each film and movable independently of each other are used to project the three-dimensional image. By moving each of the buoys, the projected image is moved in a three-dimensional direction within the three-dimensional image, and the actual size between any two points in the subject is determined based on the moving distance of each of the buoys. In a three-dimensional analysis device configured to measure, one film holder for placing the one film is tilted so that the angle of the one film with respect to the projection light transmitted through the one film is an arbitrary angle. A tilting device is attached to the magnifying lens in the one optical path system, and the magnifying lens is moved in the direction of its optical axis by operating in conjunction with the approach or separation of the buoys. A three-dimensional structure characterized in that a driving mechanism is attached, and the magnifying lens moves at the same time as the buoys approach or separate from each other so that the projected image of the one film coincides with the projected image of the target film. Analysis device.