JPS585483Y2 - Covering material for vegetable cultivation - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a covering material for growing vegetables such as strawberries, sugar beans, peas, lettuce, cabbage, and Chinese cabbage.

Conventionally, various films have been used for hotbeds, greenhouses, etc. Although these films have excellent heat retention effects,
It lacks ventilation and moisture permeability, inhibits the respiration of the leaves, and also easily damages the leaves, such as causing swelling and burning. There were problems in terms of cost and labor as it required materials.

In view of these conventional drawbacks, the present invention has developed a covering material for vegetable cultivation that not only satisfies heat retention but also has appropriate sunlight permeability, air permeability, and moisture permeability, and is excellent in construction and cultivation management. This is what we provide.

That is, the present invention has a date of 30 to 200 g/yx.
2 or 50 to 180 g/'m2, the expansion/contraction ratio in at least one direction is 20% or more, preferably 25 to 80%, and the sunlight transmittance is at least 30
This is a vegetable cultivation covering material made of a synthetic fiber knitted fabric having a weight ratio of 40% or more.

First, the covering material of the present invention is a knitted fabric obtained from various synthetic fibers obtained from synthetic polymers such as polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, or polyacrylic, preferably from continuous filament yarn.

Further, as such a knitted fabric, preferably a knitted structure that does not fray at the damaged part, such as double denby half tricot, satin tricot, reverse half, etc., is used.

Woven fabrics have low elasticity, making it difficult to inexpensively produce fabrics with the elasticity specified in the present invention, and are undesirable because they tend to break due to their low elongation and tend to fray at damaged areas.

Similarly, natural fibers such as cotton and wool are disadvantageous in terms of production cost, and if you try to obtain a light transmittance of 30 or more as specified in the present invention, the fibers will become coarse and it will be difficult to obtain the desired basis weight. It is also not preferred because of its strong water absorption.

However, the fabric has a basis weight of 30 to 200 g/r.
rL2, preferably within the range of 50 to 180 g/rrL2, and when the basis weight is less than 30 g/m2, the sunlight transmittance increases, but the air permeability also increases, and a sufficient heat retention effect is obtained. This is not preferable because the knitted fabric is easily damaged and has poor workability, and furthermore, during rainfall, rain passes through the knitted fabric and directly wets the leaves, lowering the temperature of the leaf surface and causing freezing at night during extremely cold seasons. do not have.

On the other hand, if the basis weight exceeds 200 gem 2 , the sunlight transmittance and air permeability will decrease, and the photosynthetic action of the leaves will not be carried out sufficiently, and the leaves will easily swell, which is not preferable.

In addition, the knitted fabric has a stretch rate (JIS) in at least one direction.
- According to L-1068) is 20 or more, preferably 25
- 80% is required, and knitted fabrics with a small expansion/contraction ratio of less than 20% have insufficient flexibility and poor workability.If the knitted fabric comes into contact with crops, especially leafy plants such as spinach, it may cause leaf shedding. This is undesirable as it will cause quality deterioration, and on the other hand, if the expansion/contraction rate is too large, the tension applied to the knitted fabric will differ locally, which will easily cause changes in the fabric weight, making it difficult to construct the knitted fabric in a way that provides constant temperature and breathability. I don't like it.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is necessary that the sunlight transmittance of the knitted fabric is at least 30%, preferably 40% or more.
If it is less than 30%, the vegetable leaves covered with the knitted fabric will not be sufficiently irradiated with sunlight, and a sufficient effect in promoting the growth of leaf buds will not be obtained.

Of course, a material with a sunlight transmittance as high as possible is light and heavy, but it is not preferable to have a sunlight transmittance of more than about 80% due to the restrictions on the basis weight and to prevent blurring during the daytime from March to April when the light rays become strong.

Here, the light transmittance is determined by irradiating the knitted fabric with artificial light of 15,000 lux, which corresponds to the average sunlight intensity in winter, and measuring the amount of incident light (Io) and transmitted light (I) using a phototube illumination meter (Toshiba (manufactured by I/I) and its ratio (I/I.

XI 00 )%.

Next, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 shows an example of the covering material of the present invention, using a known tricot knitting machine with two rugs and a gauge of 28, with 20 D of nylon thread on the front and 7 d of nylon thread on the back.
It is a double denby knitted fabric using 0D and having a knitting structure of 1.0 to 1.2 on the front and 2.3 to 1.0 on the back.

The coating material of the present invention exhibits the following effects simply by placing it over a tunnel-shaped frame provided on top of vegetables.

(1) It maintains a suitable temperature and ventilation suitable for the growth of vegetables, and does not trap hot air.

(2) Even in the case of rainfall, the rain does not directly hit the leaf surface, but instead forms a drizzle that moistens the entire plant.

(3) When disinfecting, uniform disinfection can be achieved by simply sprinkling a chemical solution over the knitted fabric, which is efficient.

(4) Prevents pests from attaching.

(5) Particularly in winter, it protects leaves and new shoots from cold wind damage, such as dehydration caused by direct contact of vegetables with cold, low-temperature, dry air, and damage caused by frost.

Next, the present invention will be explained with reference to examples.

EXAMPLE Tricot knitted fabrics were knitted using a known tricot knitting machine using various reverse half methods and twill knitting methods shown in Table 1 using polyester 50D multifilament for the front and back.

In Table 1, the basis weight is determined by measuring the area and weight under free condition after one week, and the expansion/contraction rate and light transmittance are determined by measuring the above-mentioned method.

Next, regarding the various knitted fabrics mentioned above, the second knitted fabric was manufactured at Okamoto Saien in Matsumae Town, Ehime Prefecture from February 7, 1973 to March 25, 1978.
We conducted a tunnel field test as shown in the figure.

The crop is late-season komatsuna.

The results are shown in Table 1. The fabric weight affects the quality of crops through the control of heat retention, frost resistance, cold and wind damage prevention effects, ease of construction, early cultivation effects, and ventilation inside the tunnel.

In addition, the elasticity of the knitted fabric affects its effectiveness in preventing quality deterioration due to leaf shedding when materials come into contact with crops (for leafy plants such as spinach), and its workability, and its light transmittance affects the early cultivation of crops. .

As is clear from the results in Table 1, the composite material that satisfies the basis weight, expansion/contraction rate, and light transmittance specified in this invention at the same time has excellent heat retention, frost resistance, cold wind damage prevention effect, workability, and cultivation results. It turns out that it is also excellent.

On the other hand, if any of the conditions specified in the present invention are violated, not only will the effect as an agricultural covering material be lost, but it may even have adverse effects such as a decrease in crop yield.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an example of the covering material for growing vegetables of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows an example of an embodiment in which the covering material of FIG. 1 is used to grow vegetables. In the figure, 1...knitted fabric, 2...vegetables, 3...knitted fabric stretched on the frame.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A vegetable cultivation covering material made of a synthetic fiber knitted fabric having a basis weight of 30 to 200 g/rn2, a button expansion/contraction rate of 20% or more in at least one direction, and a light transmittance of 30% or more.