JPS5851042A - Automatic tool replacement device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To have a device in small size and lessen the heat emission by permitting a solenoid to work engagement and disengagement with/from a draw bolt by means of slide of a coupling/decoupling cylinder fitted on the output shaft and by equipping the clutch mechanism with an arrangement to ensure the draw bolt itself slidable to a certain degree. CONSTITUTION:A clutch member to couple a low-speed output shaft 28 with the tail of a draw bolt 30 is formed by engagement of a coupling/decoupling cylinder 29, slidable in the direction toward the output shaft, with a splined ring- formed member 35 on the draw bolt side, where the coupling/decoupling cylinder 29 is slided by a solenoid RS with less heat emission mounted externally. The foremost of the shaft rod 34 of spindle 7 equipped with the abovementioned splined ring 35 is spline coupled with the tail of the draw bolt 30 by a male and a female spline ring 48, 53 so that the draw bolt 30 can move in the axial direction to a certain degree without rotary motion.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in an automatic tool attachment/detachment device that automatically attaches and detaches tools and arbor to and from the spindle by rotating a drawing bolt inserted into the spindle forward and backward using an electric motor.

Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 53-72877, filed by Ganjin Toyama, provides an automatic tool attachment/detachment device for fitting a tool onto the main shaft of a machine tool and releasing the tool from the main shaft.

In this device, a tool pulling shaft [drawing bolt (hereinafter referred to as draw bolt)] is driven to rotate at low speed from a drive source of a forward-reversing motor through a deceleration member and a clutch member, and the shank of the tool inserted into the taper hole of the main shaft is driven to rotate at low speed. (tail end) is configured to be tightened or released using a threaded portion at the tip of the tension shaft. However, the above device is constructed by interposing a mechanical torque limiter, an electromagnetic clutch, and a rotor between the drive side and the draw bolt. Not only is it forced to be larger in size, but it also has the disadvantage of generating a large amount of heat from the electromagnetic clutch built into the device.For this reason, automatic tool attachment/detachment, which is attached to the rear end of the spindle tile with a relatively small diameter, has the disadvantage of increasing the size of the device. In addition to increasing the diameter of the device, which is undesirable in terms of its design and use, there is also the worrying problem that the heat generated by the electromagnetic clutch propagates to the main shaft, causing thermal distortion.

In addition, the draw bolt cannot move freely in the axial direction due to the disc spring.5 (Because of this configuration, the threaded end of the draw bolt protrudes deep into the main shaft taper hole and waits until it is inserted into the taper hole.) This causes contact with the female thread at the tail end of the shank of the tool.

For tools that require orientation to fit the keyway of the tool 7 lange into the key of the main shaft, the female screw at the tail end of the shank may not connect to the male screw at the tip of the draw bolt when the keyway is incompletely fitted to the key. In this state, the draw bolt rotates forward and fits into the taper hole of the tool. For this reason, the fitting between the key and the keyway and the threading between the draw bolt and the shank thread are not performed smoothly, and the shank thread of the tool comes into contact with the tip thread of the draw bolt every time, so both screws cannot be smoothly engaged. This will cause damage to the ridges and eventually lead to incorrect fitting of the tool. This also applies to tools that do not undergo orientation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a new automatic tool attachment/detachment device that eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional devices described above.

A first aspect of the present invention is to provide a clutch member of a connecting/disconnecting means between a low-speed output shaft of a deceleration member using a small motor as a drive source and a tail end of a draw bolt, which can be engaged with the output shaft and slidable in the axial direction. The spline ring body is connected to the spline ring on the side of the draw pole, and the joint cylinder is slid by an externally mounted electromagnetic solenoid that generates less heat. A spline connection is made between the tip of the shaft rod and the tail end of the draw bolt, allowing the draw bolt to move a certain amount in the axial direction without rotating itself.

As a result, the automatic tool attachment/detachment device can be manufactured compactly with a small diameter and short body, and the heat generation from the clutch member is also minimal, and when the tool is inserted into the spindle taper hole, the draw bolt is pushed by the tool shank and moves back slightly. Therefore, the tool is completely fitted and the threaded portion at the tip of the draw bolt is not damaged.

Further, the second aspect of the present invention is such that a clutch member of a connecting/disconnecting means between a low-speed output shaft of a reduction member using a small motor as a drive source and a tail end of a draw bolt is engaged with the output shaft and slid in the axial direction. It is constructed by the engagement of the spline ring body on the draw bolt side with the joint cylinder, and this joint cylinder is slid by an externally attached electromagnetic solenoid t that generates less heat. The drive cylinder on the tip side of the shaft rod provided at the end and the driven barrel at the tail end of the drawbolt are connected by a spiral groove and a ball that engages with the spiral groove, and the draw bolt transfers the rotational force from the output shaft through the shaft rod. When the machine is rotated forward or reverse, it can also move forward and backward in the axial direction. As a result, similar to the first invention, the automatic tool attachment/detachment device can be manufactured compactly with a small diameter and short body, and the heat generation from the clutch member is also minimal, and the shaft rod is reversed before inserting the tool into the spindle taper hole. The thread at the tip of the draw bolt is inserted deep into the taper hole,
The tool fits perfectly and there is no damage to the threaded part at the end of the draw bolt. In addition, since the draw bolt generates rotational force and propulsive force at the same time, it can be screwed into and removed from the tool particularly smoothly.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. First, the first
The machine tool shown in the figure is a vertical milling machine F (vertical machining center) equipped with an automatic tool changer and an automatic tool attachment/detachment device 10 of the present invention.
, a saddle 4, a table 5, a spindle head 6, a spindle 7, and a spindle drive motor MQ. TM is a large number of tools T
..., and TA is a tool exchange arm that exchanges the tool T1 chucked on the spindle 7 with the tool T in the magazine TM. This arm TA is at the highest position and the tool T1 held by the gripping claw 11.11 is fitted into the tapered hole of the main shaft 7, and after the tool T1 is fastened by starting the small motor M1 of the automatic tool attachment/detachment device 10, the gripping claw 11.11 Open and wait in this position until the next tool change.

Next, the detailed configuration of the first aspect of the automatic tool attachment/detachment device 10 according to the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. The automatic tool attachment/detachment device 10 is attached to the top wall 6a of the spindle head 6 from which the tail end of the spindle 7 projects, via a joint pipe 12, by several bolts 13... Then, the lower end step ring 14a of the tall tube body (body) 14 is fitted into the upper end side of the joint tube 12, and the bolt 1
5. It is fixed at 1.

A cylindrical casing 16 housing the speed reduction member G is attached to the top end surface of the tube body 14 so as to be connected to the outer periphery of a bearing flange 18 that is secured with bolts 17 and fists. 1
Reference numeral 9 designates an upper bearing flange that is fitted onto the top end and inner peripheral surface of the casing 16, and a small motor M1 is installed on the upper surface of this bearing flange 19. Above small motor M
A small gear (pinion) 21 is fitted on the rotating shaft 2o of 1, and this small gear is connected to an intermediate gear 24 fitted with a needle bearing to a support shaft 22.23 bridged between upper and lower bearing flanges 18.19. .25 large diameter gear side 24 (z + 25
(The small diameter gear sides 24b and 25b of the intermediate gears 24 and 25 are meshed with the lower bearing flange 18.
It is meshed with a driven gear 27 supported by a bearing 26. Therefore, the small motor Ml17) rotating shaft 2 that rotates at high speed
0 rotation speed is 200 to 300 r in the driven gear 27
A deceleration member G is configured to decelerate the rotation speed to a low rotation speed of about pm. 28 is an output shaft that is inserted and fitted into the driven gear 27, and a spline 28. Jill is set up. C is a clutch member that controls connection and disconnection between the deceleration member G and the draw pole 30, and is constructed as follows. Reference numeral 29 denotes a joint tube that engages with the spline 28a, and an eccentric pin 31 serving as a shifter engages with this collar portion 29a. It is attached to the tip side of the action rod 33 that fits into the rotation shaft 32 of the noid (electromagnetic solenoid) R8. Then,
When the rotary solenoid R8 is deenergized, the joint cylinder 29 is raised as shown in the figure, and the lower end edge of the spline 296 on the inner peripheral surface is connected to the spline ring body 3 of the shaft rod 34 on the draw bolt side.
Remove from engagement with 5. Also, when the p-tally solenoid R8 is energized, the operating rod 33 rotates as shown by the chain line, and the joint cylinder 29
is lowered to engage both splines 296.35.

Note that the lower end side of the spline joint tube 29 is connected to the tube body 14.
It is slidably supported by a needle bearing 38 that is fitted into the inner diameter of a wheel 37 that is fitted with a set screw 36 into the center of the ring.

Next, the draw bolt 3 inserted into the main shaft 70 through hole 7b
The configuration of 0 and related parts will be explained.

39 is a bearing fitted into the top wall hole 6b of the spindle head 6, and this inner ring has a tail end 7 of the spindle 70. is accepted, and the inner part 7 of this caudal end. The lower end of a long shaft cylinder 4o is screwed onto ', and the upper end of the shaft cylinder 40 extends to the middle of the tube body 14.

Reference numeral 41 denotes a bearing sleeve, which is screwed into the upper end of the shaft cylinder 4o and fixed with a screw 42, and this through hole 41. The center of the shaft rod 34 is supported. Nurst bearings 43 and 44 are inserted above and below the bearing sleeve 41, and a spline ring 35 is fitted to the upper shaft rod 34 of the Nurst bearing 43 via a key 45, and a seat body 46 is fitted to the shaft end. Tighten with bolts 47 and attach spline ring body 35, bearing 43 and bearing sleeve 41.
, the bearing 44 is pressed between the lower end large diameter portion 34a of the shaft rod 34. Now, the shaft rod 34 is rotatably supported by the shaft cylinder 4o via the bearing sleeve 41, and when both the nublines 2J, , 35 are connected by lowering the joint cylinder 29 of the clutch member C, the small motor M1 The rotation is transmitted to the shaft rod 34 at a reduced speed. Reference numeral 50 denotes a bearing cylinder which is inserted into the tubular body 14 and fixed with a set screw 51, and supports the shaft cylinder 4o and the spline ring body 35. Reference numeral 48 denotes a female spline ring body which engages with the large diameter spline portion 34a of the shaft rod 34 and is fixed with a pin 51.
It is also in an engaging relationship with the male spline ring body 53 fixed at 2. In this way, the drawpole 30 is always connected to the shaft 34, and is able to move up and down the range until the bolt 54 screwed onto the tail end comes into contact with the lower end surface of the shaft 34. Reference numeral 55 denotes a disc spring group, and washers 56 and 57 are interposed above and below this, and the lower washer 57 is interposed with two null bearings 58 and a washer 59 fitted with the inner part 7c'1 of the upper end surface of the main shaft. has been done. As shown in the figure, when the draw bolt 30 received by the disc spring group 55 is rotated in the forward direction by the small motor M1, the tip threaded portion 30a is screwed into the female threaded portion 60a of the tool T1, and the draw bolt 30 is rotated in the normal direction by the small motor M1. When the bolt 30 is driven in reverse, the threaded portion 30a is removed from the tool.

The first aspect of the present invention is constructed as described above, and its operation will be explained below. First, the operation process for mounting the tool T1 into the tapered hole 7a of the main spindle 7 will be explained.

As shown in FIG. 2, each member 30 to 59 is in a standby state,
When the shank portion 60 of the tool T1 is inserted into the main shaft taper hole 7a as shown in FIG. Touch it lightly. When the tool T1 is further inserted into the tapered hole 7a by a small amount, the keyway 6
06 is fitted into the key 7d, and the draw bolt 30 is slightly lifted. Next, the electromagnetic solenoid (rotary linenoid) R8 is energized as shown in Fig. 5.

The spline ring body 35 of the shaft rod 34 is lowered through the joint cylinder 29.
engage with. Thereafter, the shaft rod 34 is rotated at a low speed via the deceleration member G and the clutch member C by normal rotation driving of the small motor M1, and the draw pole 30 is rotated in the normal rotation.

As a result, as shown in Fig. 5, the threaded portion 30 at the tip of the draw bolt
．． is the tail end screw portion 60. of the tool shank portion 6o. The disc spring group 55 is gradually compressed, and the repulsive force of this compression causes the draw bolt 30 to strongly pull the tool T1 into the taper hole a of the main shaft 7 and fix it.The tool T1 is fixed. After that, the small motor M1 is stopped due to overload detection or the timer setting t.Then, when the p-tally solenoid R8 is deenergized and the joint cylinder 29 rises as shown in Fig. 2.4, the clutch member C The tool Tl is cut, and the main shaft 7 to which the tool Tl is fixed is driven to rotate by this drive device (not shown).

Next, the release action of the tool T1 will be explained. This release action is similar to the above-mentioned mounting action. First, rotary 1 solenoid R8
Clutch member C is engaged by the biasing force of , and then the small motor M1 is started in the reverse direction to drive the drawpole 30 in the reverse direction.
This threaded portion 30. is the female screw part 60 of tool T1. Release from. The small motor Ml is stopped by a timer,
After this, when the rotary solenoid R8 is deenergized (as shown in Fig. 4), the joint member C is cut and the three members (Tl, 30.29)
is separated.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. Since the members numbered 1 to 59 have the same structure as the first invention, the explanation of the structure will be omitted. Therefore, the main structure of the second invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 7.8. 480 is the head 34 of the shaft rod 34
A1 is a fixed drive cylinder, into which a driven side 530 fixed to the tail end of the draw bolt 300 is fitted leaving a narrow gap X. The surface of the driven side 530 has a left-handed spiral groove 530cL at an inclination angle of 45°.
This spiral groove 530. One ball 70 is engaged with.

This ball 70 is recessed at a suitable location on the inner peripheral surface of the drive cylinder 480. Since the ball 70 is fitted into the spiral groove 530., the ball 70 is driven by the counterclockwise rotation of the drive cylinder 480. When rotating around the top counterclockwise, a backward thrust Fl' is applied to the draw bolt 30 as shown in FIG. 7 due to the 45° inclination angle of the left-hand thread.

In addition, when the driving cylinder 480 is driven to rotate clockwise, the ball 70 is moved into the spiral groove 530. Go around the top clockwise. As a result, the draw bolt 30 is given a forward thrust F1 as shown in FIG. 9, and the tip threaded portion 30α protrudes from the inner part of the tapered hole 76.

Incidentally, the stroke of the spiral groove 530a is set to be larger than the amount of forward and backward movement of the dollar-port 3° by jP. With the above configuration, the Dropol) 30 does not rotate and the shaft rod 34
The relationship is such that it moves forward and backward just by rotating forward or backward.

The configuration of the second invention is as described above, and the mounting action and release action of the tool Tl will be explained below. First, the mounting action of the tool T1 is performed by reversing the shaft 34 as shown in FIG. is in a standby state, recessed from the back of the tapered hole 7a of the main shaft 7 into the through hole 7b.

Here, the shank portion 60 of the tool T1 has a tapered hole 7. When inserted, the female thread at the tail end 60. is draw bolt 30
Although it faces the tip threaded portion 30eL of the tool T1, it does not come into contact with it, and the key groove 606 of the tool T1 completely engages with the key 7d of the main shaft 7. Now, the tool T1 to the spindle taper hole 7a can be inserted.
Both threaded portions 30a occurred during installation.

Problems such as damage to the key 60a and incomplete engagement between the key 7d and the keyway 6ob are eliminated. Subsequently, after the clutch member C is engaged by the energization of the rotary fist solenoid R8, the small motor M1 is started to rotate in the normal direction. Thus, the torque of the motor M1 is transmitted to the shaft rod 34 via the deceleration member G1 and the clutch member C, and drives the drive cylinder 480 in normal rotation. As a result,
Spiral groove 530. ) The locking ball 70 rotates in the normal rotation direction as shown in FIG. 9, and generates a downward propulsive force F1 against the spiral groove 530 (L) to advance the draw bolt 30 downward. When the threaded end portion 30a of the draw bolt abuts the female threaded portion 60a of the tool Tl, the propulsive force F1 is restrained to generate a rotational force F2 to the draw bolt 30, and the threaded portion 30a is screwed into the threaded portion 60a of the tool T1. proceed.

At this time, the ball 70 applies a propulsive force F1 and a rotational force F2 to the draw bolt 30 at the same time, so the draw bolt 30 compresses the disk spring group 55 and the threaded portion 3 at the tip thereof.
0a smoothly screws into the female screw portion 60a, completing the fixation of the tool T1. Thereafter, when the small motor M1 is stopped, the clutch member C is disconnected, and the main shaft 7 with the tool T1 mounted thereon is in a state of rotation.

Next, the release action of the tool Tl will be explained. This release action is similar to the above-mentioned mounting, and first, the clutch member C is engaged by the urging force of the rotary solenoid R8, and then the small motor M1 is started in the reverse direction to drive the drive cylinder 480 of the shaft rod 34 in the reverse direction.

Now, as shown in Fig. 9, the door ν that clamps the tool T1 is
- ball) 30 is rotated in the reverse direction by the ball 70 which engages with the spiral groove 530a, which generates a counterclockwise rotational force F2'
It receives a propulsive force F1' that causes it to move backward. As a result, the draw bolt 30 simultaneously generates a counterclockwise rotational force F2' and a backward thrust force F1/ to loosen the disc spring group 55. The screw will come off, resulting in the state shown in Figure 7. After this, the small motor M1 stops and the rotary solenoid R
8 is also deenergized, the clutch member C is disengaged, and a standby state is entered in which the next tool can be attached.

In the second feathering of the present invention, the draw bolt 30 is connected to the ball 70 on the shaft side (drive side) and the draw bolt side (driven side).
The draw bolt is in an engagement relationship with the spiral □ groove 530a, and the draw bolt is actively moved forward and backward and rotated, so that the tool T1
Collision between both threaded portions 30a, 60a and incomplete engagement between the key and the keyway are also eliminated when the key is inserted. And the second
The design of the invention can be changed within the scope of the invention without being limited to the above-mentioned embodiment.

For example, a plurality of balls 70 may be engaged with the spiral groove 530eL, or two (multiple) spiral grooves may be provided. Furthermore, the attachment relationship between the ball and the spiral groove may be reversed.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the clutch member of the connecting/disconnecting means between the low-speed output shaft of the deceleration member using a small motor as the drive source and the tail end of the draw bolt is engaged with the output shaft and moved in the axial direction. It consists of a sliding joint cylinder and a spline ring body on the draw bolt side, and this joint cylinder is slid by an electromagnetic solenoid that generates little heat attached to the outside. The tip side of the shaft rod with its ends and the tail end of the draw bolt are spline-connected by male and female spline rings, and the draw bolt can move a certain amount in the axial direction without rotating itself, so it can be automatically (tool attachment/detachment device), 3. In addition to being able to manufacture short diameter and short lengths, heat generation from the clutch member is minimal, and when inserting the tool into the spindle taper hole, the draw bolt is pushed back by the tool shank and moves back slightly, making the tool easier to use. The fit is completed perfectly and the threaded part at the tip of the draw bolt is not damaged.

In addition, the second invention of the present invention uses a small motor as a driving source.
The clutch member of the connecting/disconnecting means for connecting the low-speed output shaft of the reduction gear member and the tail end of the draw bolt to the rear end of the draw bolt is made of a connecting cylinder that can engage with the output shaft and slide in the axial direction, and a spline ring body on the draw bolt side. This connecting cylinder is slid by an electromagnetic solenoid with low heat generation installed externally, and the drive cylinder on the tip side of the shaft rod and the tail end of the draw bolt provided at the tail end of the main shaft having the spline ring body are connected to each other. The driven cylinders are connected by a spiral groove and a ball that engages with the spiral groove, and the shaft rod is driven in the forward and reverse directions to perform forward and backward movement like a draw bolt, and also to move forward and backward in the axial direction. In addition to making the automatic tool attachment/detachment device compact with a small diameter and short body, the heat generation from the clutch member is also minimal, and the threaded part at the tip of the draw bolt is removed by reversing the shaft rod before inserting the tool into the spindle taper hole. The tool is inserted deep into the taper hole and waits, allowing the tool to be completely inserted and exhibiting an excellent effect with no damage to the draw bolt tip thread or tool thread. Because force is actively generated at the same time, screw attachment and detachment with a tool can be performed particularly smoothly.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vertical milling machine equipped with an automatic tool attachment/detachment device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing the automatic tool attachment/detachment device of the first aspect of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a front view of a rotary Tsuremade. Figures 4 and 5 are partially cutaway sectional views of the automatic tool attachment/detachment device showing the installed state of tools, and Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view showing the automatic tool attachment/detachment device of Honkajiakiyako's second invention. , Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part, and Fig. 8 is taken from A-A in Fig. 7.
A line sectional view and FIG. 9 are enlarged sectional views showing a state in which the tool is installed. 7■・Main shaft, 7a・Rosal taper hole, 7bll・φ through hole,
10... Automatic tool attachment/detachment device, 14... Tube body, Ml.
... Severe motor, G... Reduction member, C@... Clutch member, R8-- Rotary solenoid, 29... Joint cylinder, 28aa* output shaft, 35"-Nupline ring, 3
4-'-Axis Keyaki・30...Draw bolt, 3o, 111
1. Threaded part, 40---Axis tube, 48.53...Male and female Nupline ring body, 480---Drive cylinder, 530...Driver cylinder, 53oa...Spiral groove, 70...Pole , 55・
...Disc spring group, T1...Tool, 6o...Shank part, 60a.@-female thread part, 7d...Key, 606...
・Keyway, FIII-vertical milling machine. 33 R5 Plan 3 Group

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A clutch member, which is a means of connecting and disconnecting the low-speed output shaft of a reduction gear member whose drive source is a small motor, and the tail end of the draw bolt is connected to a connecting cylinder and a draw member that can be engaged with the output shaft and slid in the axial direction. The spline ring on the bolt side is engaged with the spline ring, and this joint cylinder is slid by an externally mounted electromagnetic solenoid that generates less heat. and the tail end of the draw bolt.
An automatic tool attachment/detachment device characterized in that the draw bolt is spline-coupled by a female spline ring and can move a certain amount in the axial direction without rotating itself. (2) The clutch member of the connecting/disconnecting means between the low-speed output shaft of the reduction member using a small motor as the drive source and the tail end of the draw bolt,
It consists of a joint cylinder that can engage the output shaft and slide in the axial direction, and a spline ring on the draw bolt side, and this joint cylinder is slid by an externally attached electromagnetic solenoid that generates little heat. At the same time, the drive cylinder on the front end side of the shaft rod provided at the tail end of the main shaft of the spline ring body and the driven cylinder at the tail end of the draw bolt are connected by a helical groove and a pawl that engages with the helical groove, so that the shaft rod can be rotated in the forward and reverse directions. An automatic tool attachment/detachment device characterized by driving the draw bolt forward and backward as well as moving it forward and backward in the axial direction.