JPS5842989Y2 - Gregorian and Julian calendar planisphere - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the invention] This invention relates to an accurate planisphere (perpetual calendar) that can be used for long periods of time in the past, present, and future.

Traditionally, most of the perpetual calendars that have been devised are valid only for a relatively short period of time, and occasionally there are calendars devised that purport to be valid for many months in the past and future. However, the Julian calendar, which was in use from 46 B.C. to Thursday, October 4, 1582, marked the next day as January 1, 1582.
This is a mistake that completely ignores the historical fact that the calendar was changed to Friday, October 15th, and became the current Gregorian calendar, and extended the Gregorian calendar as it was until the first year of the Christian era.

The main idea is that the Julian calendar has a leap year every four years (a leap year is a year that is divisible by 4, the number of years in the Western calendar), and the Gregorian calendar omits leap years three times out of 400 years (the last two digits of the year in the Western calendar). (For years with OO, only the year whose first two digits are divisible by 4 is considered the year of the week).We devised a calculation formula and devised a way to classify the year and month based on that. It is something that was given.

The calculation formula that is the key to this proposal is listed below. M month d, Y year A.D.
To find the day of the week, let y be the constant for year Y, and m be the constant for month M. First, the formula for y is to express the last two digits of the year by the symbol 口口 for convenience. On the other hand, for the 1800s, y calculated from the above formula
The value of y is the sum of 2 and 2.

For the 1700s, add 4, and for the 1600s, add 6 to the value of y.

1500s (but in 158 when the Gregorian calendar was implemented)
(after Friday, October 15, 2016), the same as in the 1900s.

For future generations (after 2000), the same value is taken every 400 years.

For the 1500s of the Julian calendar (before Thursday, October 4, 1582), add 3 to the 0 value of formula (1) and use y
, add 4 for the 1400s, 5 for the 1300s, 6 for the 1200s, and add 1.
For the 100's, set it to O, that is, leave it as is.

Then, every time you go back 100 years, you can increase it by 1.

Next, a table is shown in which seven sets of numbers O to 6, which are to be added to the value of y in equation (1), are classified by age.

Even in the Gregorian calendar, it is calculated that about 3,000 years after its implementation, there will be a difference of one day.
It will continue to work as is until around 0.

Next, the value of the lunar constant m is as shown in Table 2 below.

For January and February in a leap year, the values for leap January and leap February are used.

For d, use the same value as the number of days.

With this determination, the day of the week to be determined will be as shown in the following formula.

Day of the week = y + m + d (2) However, if this sum exceeds 7, divide it by 7, take the remainder (or subtract the multiple of 7), and make it a number from 0 to 6. Match the days of the week as shown in the table below.

Example: Find the day of the week for October 15, 1582 in the Gregorian calendar and October 4, 1582 in the Julian calendar.

From formula (1), y=((82+(quotient of 82/4))÷7
) remainder ((82+20)÷7) remainder = 4, so for the former, from Table 21 and Table 3, day of the week = 4 + O+ 15 = 19 → 1'J-7X
2=5, ie Friday, and for the latter, from the table, the day of the week=(4+3)+O+4=11→1l-7=4, ie Thursday.

Based on these calculation formulas, the year number (0 of 1 to 6 of 1, 2) and the arrangement of argument groups (O of 4 to 6 of 4)
The present invention has been created so that the calendar for any given year and month can be displayed at the top by devising the system as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

In other words, the numbers in the last two digits (2) of the year number on the top panel (Figure 1) are 100 numbers from 00 to 99.
．． 01, 02, 03. :,(04),05,06°07
, : , (08), 09, 10, 11...
,・・・・・・,・・・・・・,・・・・・・,・・・
They are divided into 7 groups and written every 4 years, with a : inserted and one skipped, like ・・・・・・・・・, ・・・・・・.

Leap years are indicated by adding parentheses.

The first two digits of the year number (Table 1) are divided into 7 groups, 1 O to 1 6, according to the addend 0 to 6 (in actual production, they are color coded into 7 colors). O~4 of 4 in the month group
6).

On the outside of the lower board (Fig. 2), the entire circumference is divided into four equal parts, and four sets of the seven days of the month (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday) are written consecutively around the clock (7).

The space for writing the number of months on the inner circumference is divided into 8 sections by further dividing the entire circumference divided into 4 equal parts into 2 stages (outside and outside), and as shown in Figure 2, only the 7 divisions are filled with the 0 of the previous 7 sets of age 1. ~corresponding to 6 in 1, 7
Month number groups (according to Table 2) 4 0 to 4 6 are written.

And for the 0s of 1, the number of months group of O of 4, 1
For the 6th decade, the month group of 4 and 6 will be used.

However, in the case of a leap year, January and February are indicated by ().

If you write it as above, the month number group (0 of 4 to 6 of 4) will correspond to the first two digits of the year (1 of O to 1 of 6).
If you select , and match the last two digits (2) of the number of years to the number of months you want, a calendar for that year and month will appear with the date 3 on the top panel and the day of the week 7 on the bottom panel, and you can easily select the day of the week. You can know.

According to this proposal, it will be fully valid from the time of the Julian calendar until as long as the Gregorian calendar continues.

However, it is said that the Julian calendar was completely infallible after the leap year of 8 AD, so any dates after that are completely consistent with historical facts.

A year in which the last two digits of the year are OO is a leap year in the Julian calendar, but in the Gregorian calendar (after 1600), only years in which the first two digits are divisible by 4 are considered leap years, and other years are considered normal years.

Also, in the Gregorian calendar, February in a leap year is the 28th day after the 28th day (including this one day, it is the 29th day), but in the Julian calendar, February in a leap year is
It will be repeated for 4 days.

Date 3 does not take this into account. This will be explained below using several examples.

(1) December 1, 1977 (Thursday) The first two digits of the year number 19 belong to the 1 O group, so the month number group 4 O on the lower panel appears in window 5 on the upper panel. Rotate both boards and select the section with the last two digits of the year number 77 (2 from the right of 2).
Make sure that the (eyes) match the 9th and 12th sections of the 4th O.

” On the other hand, a calendar for December 1977 appears, and you can see that the 1st is Thursday.

(Figure 3 shows an example of this).

(2) According to Mikel Angelo's biography (Iwanami Shinsho), 1
On Friday, February 18, 564, shortly before 5 p.m., around the time the bell of Ave Maria rang, it was reported that Michel Angelo was not listed.

The 1500s in the Julian calendar is indicated by 15T and belongs to 1, 3, so we put 4, 3 in window 5, and 2, 1,000 and 2 digits, 64.
(4th block from the right is a leap year) is 4 3 (2)
・If you set it to section 8, the calendar for February 1564 will appear, and it will be Friday on the 18th.

(3) According to Galileo's biography (Iwanami Shinsho), Mr. Galileo was unable to come to Pisa on November 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9, 1589 because the Arno River burst in many places and caused flooding.6 There is an article about classes being canceled and salaries reduced by 6 lire.

It was November 5th, but since it is unlikely that the floods had recovered, it is assumed that it was a Sunday.

The 1500s in the Gregorian calendar is indicated by 15o and belongs to 1's 0, so put 4's 0 in window 5 and 2's 1,000 and 2nd 8.
Make sure that section 9 (right end) matches sections 2, 3, and 11 (
As for the rub, the 5th is Sunday.

(4) What day of the week is January 1, 2000 AD?

The first two digits of the year number, 20, belong to 1, 6, so window 5
4, 6, and the last two digits of 2 are 00 (that's the first two digits, 20).
is divisible by 4, so the division of leap year) is 4 6 (1)
・If you match it to the 4th and 7th sections, a calendar will appear above, and the 1st will be Saturday.

In addition, you can also find out all the years and months in which the 13th falls on a Friday.

As you can see from the examples above, it is often useful when researching biographies, historical facts, etc., and when making plans for real life.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows the upper panel, FIG. 2 shows the lower panel, and FIG. 3 shows both panels superimposed (in the case of Example 1). 1-0 to 1-6...1st year of the Gregorian calendar divided into 7 groups 2
Digits, 2...Last two digits of the year (divided into 7 sets), 3...Day of the month (1st to 31st), 5.
...Window (month number group on the bottom panel appears), 6
・・・・・・Window (the day of the week on the lower board is displayed), 4 0~
4-6...Month group corresponding to 1-O to 1-6 on the upper panel, 7...Day of the week.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] Two disks with the same radius are stacked one on top of the other with their centers fixed, and the top disk (Figure 1) shows the top 2 of the year number classified into 7 groups.
Write down the digits (1's 0 to 1's 6), the last two digits of the year 2, and the day 3 of the month arranged in units of 7 days, on the bottom panel (Figure 2)
, write the 7 month groups (4 O to 4 6) and the 4 day group 7 inside and out, inside and out, in concentric circles, and write the daily number 3 on the top panel. On the outside of the
A window 6 that opens to the outside is the same size as the day of the week group (Monday, Tuesday, Sunday), and a window 6 that opens to the outside is placed in the middle of the table with the last two digits of the year. Set up an arc-shaped window 5 of the same size so that the two month number groups lined up in A planisphere designed to display the calendar for that year and month at the top of the board by matching the desired month in the corresponding month group.