JPS5838482B2 - Electrical sintering equipment - Google Patents
Electrical sintering equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5838482B2 JPS5838482B2 JP53121466A JP12146678A JPS5838482B2 JP S5838482 B2 JPS5838482 B2 JP S5838482B2 JP 53121466 A JP53121466 A JP 53121466A JP 12146678 A JP12146678 A JP 12146678A JP S5838482 B2 JPS5838482 B2 JP S5838482B2
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- Prior art keywords
- press
- axis
- sintered
- punch
- punches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は通電焼結装置に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to an electrical sintering device.
なお、本発明に於て通電焼結とは、放電焼結、抵抗焼結
、及び１次焼結体の２次焼結、或いはさらに焼結成形体
の熱間に於ける加圧処理等の２次加工をする装置を包含
するものである。In the present invention, electrical sintering refers to discharge sintering, resistance sintering, secondary sintering of a primary sintered body, or hot pressure treatment of a sintered body, etc. This includes equipment for subsequent processing.
原料粉末を加圧、通電し、焼結する装置は広く利用され
ているが、従来公知のものは、単に鉛直方向にのみ、被
焼結体を加圧、通電する通電プレスか、又はこれに水平
−軸方向の補助プレスを組合わせたものであり、被焼結
体に一軸又は二軸方向に圧力を加えつＳ通電焼結するも
のであった。Devices that pressurize, energize, and sinter raw material powder are widely used, but the conventionally known devices are either an energizing press that presses and energizes the object to be sintered only in the vertical direction; It was a combination of horizontal and axial auxiliary presses, and sintered the object by applying S current while applying pressure in uniaxial or biaxial directions.
このような装置では、得られる密度や均−性等の点に限
界があり、また焼結に際して多量のガスが発生するよう
な場合には、内部に欠陥のなＬ・焼結体を得ることが困
難であった。With such equipment, there are limits to the density and uniformity that can be obtained, and when a large amount of gas is generated during sintering, it is difficult to obtain L/sintered bodies without internal defects. was difficult.
本発明は叙上の観点に立ってなされたものであり、その
目的とするところは、内部に欠陥のない高密度の焼結体
が容易に得られる通電焼結装置を提供することにある。The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned viewpoints, and its object is to provide an electrical sintering apparatus that can easily produce a high-density sintered body with no internal defects.
而して、本発明の要旨とするところは、三軸方向から順
次輪番的又は交番的に被焼結体に圧力を加え、かつ通電
加熱中に二次元的又は三次元的な塑性変形を行なわしめ
つＳ通電焼結する装置である。Therefore, the gist of the present invention is to sequentially or alternately apply pressure to the sintered body from three axial directions, and to perform two-dimensional or three-dimensional plastic deformation during electrical heating. This is a device for sintering with electric current.
以下、図面により本発明の詳細な説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明にか＼る通電焼結装置の一実施例におけ
るプレスのパンチ配置説明図、第２図はその作用説明図
、第３図は望ましいパンチの構成例を示す断面図である
。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the punch arrangement of the press in one embodiment of the energization sintering apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of its operation, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an example of a desirable configuration of the punch. .
而して第１図中、１及び２は、鉛直Ｘ軸方向に作動する
２軸プレスのダイ及びパンチ、３及び４はＺ軸に直交す
るｙ軸方向に作動するｙ軸プレスのブ対のパンチ、５及
び６は２軸及びｙ軸に直交するＸ軸方向に作動するＸ軸
プレスの一対のパンチである。In Fig. 1, 1 and 2 are the dies and punches of a two-axis press that operates in the vertical Punches 5 and 6 are a pair of punches of an X-axis press that operates in two axes and in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the y-axis.
これらのパンチ２な〜・し６は、例えば油圧シリンダで
作動せしめられる。These punches 2 to 6 are operated by, for example, hydraulic cylinders.
而して、パンチ２はその下面が他のパンチ３ないし６の
上面と接触する寸前の最低位置まで下降可能である。Thus, the punch 2 can be lowered to the lowest position, where the lower surface thereof is about to come into contact with the upper surfaces of the other punches 3 to 6.
パンチ２がこの最低位置にあるとき他のパンチ３．４及
び５．６は、ダイ１とパンチ２の間で作動する。When punch 2 is in this lowest position, the other punches 3.4 and 5.6 operate between die 1 and punch 2.
ｙ軸プレスのパンチ３，４は図中左右方向に作動するが
、これらが最接近位置に達するとき、その対向するパン
チ面は、Ｘ軸プレスのパンチ５，６の側面と至近距離に
達し、かつパンチ５，６は同３，４の間で円滑に作動す
る。The punches 3 and 4 of the y-axis press operate in the left and right directions in the figure, but when they reach the closest position, the opposing punch surfaces reach a close distance to the sides of the punches 5 and 6 of the X-axis press, Moreover, the punches 5 and 6 operate smoothly between the punches 3 and 4.
従って、パンチ２が最低位置に、同３，４が最接近位置
にあるときは、ダイ１及びパンチ２ないし６の対向面は
直方体状の空間を閉成するものであり、被焼結体はこＮ
で加圧、通電、焼結される。Therefore, when punch 2 is at the lowest position and punches 3 and 4 are at their closest positions, the opposing surfaces of die 1 and punches 2 to 6 close a rectangular parallelepiped space, and the object to be sintered is This N
Pressurized, energized, and sintered.
而して、通電は三つのプレスのうち少（とも一つのプレ
スを通じて行なえばよいが、通常は２軸プレスのダイ１
及びプレス２を通じて通電することが推奨される。Therefore, energization can be carried out through at least one of the three presses, but usually die 1 of the two-axis press is used.
It is recommended to apply electricity through the press 2 and the press 2.
その理由は、このようにすると装置の絶縁や接地、他の
プレスのパンチの予熱等に便利であるからである。The reason is that this is convenient for insulating and grounding the device, preheating the punches of other presses, etc.
而して、ダイ１の中央部に適量の焼結原料を置き、一旦
これを三方向から圧縮する。Then, an appropriate amount of sintering raw material is placed in the center of the die 1, and once compressed from three directions.
そのため、まず２軸プレスのパンチ２を最低位置まで下
げ、次いでｙ軸プレスのパンチ３及び４を最接近位置に
移動させ、さらにＸ軸プレスで原料を強圧する。Therefore, first, punch 2 of the two-axis press is lowered to the lowest position, then punches 3 and 4 of the y-axis press are moved to the closest position, and then the raw material is strongly pressed with the X-axis press.
而して必要があるときは、この状態で、通電し、予備焼
結を行っておく。If necessary, electricity is applied in this state to perform preliminary sintering.
以下第２図及び第１表により本発明の要旨とするプロセ
スを説明する。The process that is the gist of the present invention will be explained below with reference to FIG. 2 and Table 1.
上記の状態、即ち被焼結体７が三つのプレスにより三方
から圧縮されて℃・る状態から出発し、下記プロセスＡ
、Ｂ、、Ｃを数回循環的に繰返えしつつ、通電焼結を行
うものである。Starting from the above state, that is, the state where the object 7 to be sintered is compressed from three sides by three presses and at ℃°C, the following process A
, B, and C are cyclically repeated several times to perform electrical sintering.
而して、
プロセスＡにおＬ・ては、
Ｚ軸プレスの
パンチ２が少しく引上げられ、同時にＸ軸プレスの加圧
が増大せしめられる。Thus, in process A, the punch 2 of the Z-axis press is slightly pulled up, and at the same time the pressurization of the X-axis press is increased.
また、このときｙ軸プレスのパンチ３，４は、その最初
の位置、即ち最接近位置に保たれる。Further, at this time, the punches 3 and 4 of the y-axis press are maintained at their initial positions, that is, at their closest positions.
従ってこのプロセスにおいては、被焼結体７はＸ軸方向
に圧縮され、Ｘ軸方向に膨出せしめられる。Therefore, in this process, the sintered body 7 is compressed in the X-axis direction and expanded in the X-axis direction.
次Ｌ・で、プロセスＢに移行すると、ｙ軸プレスのパン
チ３，４が少しく後退し、同時に２軸プレスのパンチ２
が下降して被焼結体Ｉを圧縮する。At the next step L, when moving to process B, punches 3 and 4 of the y-axis press move back a little, and at the same time punch 2 of the two-axis press
descends and compresses the object I to be sintered.
このときＸ軸プレスのパンチ５，６は移動しなＬ゛よう
ロックされる。At this time, the punches 5 and 6 of the X-axis press are locked so that they do not move.
このプロセスにおＬ゛ては、被焼結体７はＸ軸方向に圧
縮され、ｙ軸方向に膨出する。In this process, the sintered body 7 is compressed in the X-axis direction and expanded in the Y-axis direction.
次Ｌ゛で、プロセスＣにおＬ゛ては、Ｘ軸プレスのパン
チ５，６が後退し、２軸プレスのパンチ２が最低位置に
ロックされ、ｙ軸プレスにより圧縮が行なわれ、被焼結
体７はＸ軸方向に膨出する。At the next stage L, in process C, the punches 5 and 6 of the X-axis press move back, the punch 2 of the two-axis press is locked at the lowest position, and the y-axis press performs compression to The body 7 bulges in the X-axis direction.
而して、プロセスＣが終了したときは、再びプロセスＡ
が行なわれ、以下叙上のプロセスが数回繰返えされる。Therefore, when process C ends, process A starts again.
is performed and the process described below is repeated several times.
またその期間中、ダイ１とパンチ２を介して、所望のプ
ロ゛グラムに従って被焼結体Ｔに通電が行なわれ、発生
するジュール熱により被焼結体７が加熱塑性化、或Ｌ゛
は加熱焼成され焼結される。During this period, electricity is applied to the body T to be sintered via the die 1 and the punch 2 according to a desired program, and the body 7 to be sintered becomes thermoplastic due to the Joule heat generated. It is heated and fired and sintered.
而して、上記循環プロセスにおいて、各パンチの前進、
後退のストローク量を初めはや瓦大きめにしておき、次
第にこれを減少させ、最終的には、パンチ２を最低位置
に、同３，４を最接近位置に留め、Ｘ軸プレスで最高圧
をかけ、高密度の焼結体を得るものである。Therefore, in the above circulation process, the advancement of each punch,
At first, the stroke amount of the retreat is set to be a little large, and then it is gradually reduced.Finally, punch 2 is kept at the lowest position, punches 3 and 4 are kept at the closest position, and the maximum pressure is applied with the X-axis press. This process produces a high-density sintered body.
このように、本発明装置によるときは、焼結工程中にお
〜・て、被焼結体が通電、加圧と共に塑性変形を受ける
ので、発生ガスの放散が促進され、被焼結粒子の疎密の
不均一が解消し、加熱、加圧も均一に行なわ朴るように
なり、均質で欠陥のな℃・焼結体が得られるものである
。As described above, when using the apparatus of the present invention, during the sintering process, the sintered object undergoes plastic deformation as well as electricity and pressure, which promotes the dissipation of the generated gas and deforms the particles to be sintered. The non-uniformity of density is eliminated, heating and pressurization can be performed uniformly, and a homogeneous and defect-free sintered body at °C can be obtained.
即ち、被焼結体が塑性変形を受けるとき、組織が疎で低
密度の部分が順次、崩潰、挫屈し、ガスを放出して高密
度化するので、良質な焼結体が得られる。That is, when the body to be sintered is subjected to plastic deformation, the parts with a sparse structure and low density sequentially collapse and buckle, releasing gas and becoming denser, so that a high-quality sintered body can be obtained.
次に第３図について説明する。Next, FIG. 3 will be explained.
第３図は２軸プレス及びｙ軸プレスの望まし℃・構成例
を示す説明図であり、図中、１，２，３，４及び７は前
述の通りの構成要素、８は補助ダイ、９はｚ軸プレスの
パンチ２を昇降させる油圧シリンダ、１０はそのピスト
ンロッド、１１はピストンロッド１０の先端に設けたフ
ランジ、１２はラム１３を有するラムシリンダ、１４は
ラムシリンダ１２をフランジ１１に取付けるホルダ兼用
のアンビル、１５゜１６はｙ軸プレス用の油圧シリンダ
、１７，１８はそのピストンロッド、１９．２０はピス
トンロッド１７，１８の先端に取付けられたフランジ、
２１．２２はそれぞれラム２３，２４を有するラムシリ
ンダ、２５，２６はラムシリンダ２１，２２をそれぞれ
フランジ１９，２０に取付げるホルダを兼ねたアンビル
、２７，２８は四方切換弁、２９．３０は三方切換電磁
弁、３１は制御回路、３２ないし３５はオイルポンプ、
３６な（・し３９はオイルタンクである。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a desirable temperature and configuration of a two-axis press and a y-axis press. 9 is a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the punch 2 of the Z-axis press; 10 is its piston rod; 11 is a flange provided at the tip of the piston rod 10; 12 is a ram cylinder having a ram 13; 14 is a ram cylinder 12 attached to the flange 11; Anvil that doubles as a holder to be attached, 15° 16 is a hydraulic cylinder for the y-axis press, 17 and 18 are its piston rods, 19 and 20 are flanges attached to the tips of piston rods 17 and 18,
21.22 are ram cylinders having rams 23 and 24, respectively; 25 and 26 are anvils that also serve as holders for attaching the ram cylinders 21 and 22 to flanges 19 and 20, respectively; 27 and 28 are four-way switching valves; 29.30 is a three-way solenoid valve, 31 is a control circuit, 32 to 35 are oil pumps,
36 (・39 is the oil tank.
また、第３図には図示されていないが、実際にはこの紙
面に垂直な方向にはＸ軸プレスが配設されており、被焼
結体７は結局三軸方向に圧縮されるものであるが、こ又
では説明を簡略にするため圧縮はｙｚ平面内で二次元的
にのみ行なわれるものとする。Although not shown in FIG. 3, an X-axis press is actually installed in the direction perpendicular to the page, and the body 7 to be sintered is compressed in three axial directions. However, in order to simplify the explanation, it is assumed here that compression is performed only two-dimensionally within the yz plane.
図示されている状態で、シリンダ１５及び１６は最伸長
状態にあり、アンビル２５，２６の対向面は最接近位置
にある。In the illustrated state, cylinders 15 and 16 are in their most extended position, and the opposing surfaces of anvils 25 and 26 are in their closest position.
また、２軸プレスの油圧シリンダ９はピストンロッド１
０を押出す方向に油圧を受けた後、中立状態に切換えら
れている。In addition, the hydraulic cylinder 9 of the two-axis press has a piston rod 1.
After receiving hydraulic pressure in the direction of pushing out 0, it is switched to the neutral state.
而して、三方切換弁２９及び３０は、それぞれ制御装置
３１のＱ出力及びＱ出力によって制御されており、従っ
て、常時互いに逆の状態にある。The three-way switching valves 29 and 30 are controlled by the Q output and the Q output of the control device 31, respectively, and therefore are always in opposite states.
図示されている状態では、ｙ軸プレスのラムシリンダ２
１．２２には高圧オイルが供給されており、ラム２３．
２４が押出され、被焼結体７を加圧しており、２軸プレ
スのラム１３は後退せしめられているが、制御装置３１
の出力が反転すると、三方切換弁２９及び３０が切換え
られ、ラムシリンダ１２が高圧となり、ラム１３が押し
出されるが、逆にシリンダ１５及び１６は低圧となり、
ラム２３及び２４がそれぞれシリンダー５及び１６の内
部に押し戻される。In the illustrated state, the ram cylinder 2 of the y-axis press
High pressure oil is supplied to ram 23.
24 is being extruded and pressurizing the object 7 to be sintered, and the ram 13 of the twin-screw press is being moved back, but the control device 31
When the output of is reversed, the three-way switching valves 29 and 30 are switched, the ram cylinder 12 becomes high pressure, and the ram 13 is pushed out, but conversely, the cylinders 15 and 16 become low pressure,
Rams 23 and 24 are pushed back inside cylinders 5 and 16, respectively.
以下、制御装置３１の出力が数回反転せしめられ、叙上
のサイクルが繰返えされ、かつ、その間に、補助ダイ８
及びアンビル１３を介して通電が行なわれるので、被焼
結体７は高温高圧下で捏ねられ、密な焼結体が得られる
ものである。Thereafter, the output of the control device 31 is reversed several times, and the above cycle is repeated, and during that time, the auxiliary die 8
Since electricity is supplied through the anvil 13, the body 7 to be sintered is kneaded at high temperature and pressure, and a dense sintered body is obtained.
本発明は叙上の如く構成されるから、本発明にヨルとき
（東従来公知の装置では得られなかった高密度で緻密な
焼結体が得られるものである。Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it is possible to obtain a dense and dense sintered body which could not be obtained using conventionally known apparatuses.
尚本発明の構成は、叙上の実施例に限定されるものでな
く、要するに交互若しくは輪番的に作動せしめ得る三軸
方向プレスと、その制御装置と、被焼結体に給電できる
電源回路とを具備すれば足りるものであり、各プレス又
は通電プレスの構成、匍脚方法等は、本発明の目的の範
囲内で広く公知のものを利用し、自由に設計変更し得る
ものである
なお、本発明の加熱焼結、または加熱焼成処理の対象が
、所謂金属等の粉末に限らな（・ことは前述した通りで
あって、より好ましく・通常の対象物としては、１次焼
結若しくはさらに２次焼結した金属、合金の焼結成形体
、または１次焼成さらには２次焼成したカーボン若しく
はグラファイト等の焼成成形体等であって、その詳細に
ついては、本発明者等の先願発明に係る特願昭５３−４
０１９３号、同５３−４７９０２号等を参照することが
できる。The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but in short, it includes a triaxial press that can be operated alternately or in rotation, a control device thereof, and a power supply circuit that can supply power to the object to be sintered. The configuration of each press or energizing press, the method of attaching legs, etc. may be widely known within the scope of the purpose of the present invention, and the design may be freely changed. The object of the heat sintering or heat sintering treatment of the present invention is not limited to so-called powders such as metals (as mentioned above, it is more preferable). Secondary sintered metal or alloy sintered compacts, or primary fired or secondarily fired carbon or graphite compacts, etc., details of which can be found in the prior invention of the present inventors. Related patent application 1973-4
No. 0193, No. 53-47902, etc. can be referred to.
第１図は本発明にかふる通電焼結装置の一実施例におけ
るプレスのパンチ配置説明図、第２図はその作用説明図
、第３図は望ましＬ・パンチの構成例を示す断面図であ
る。
１・・・ｚ軸プレスのダイ、２・・・Ｚ軸プレスのパン
チ、３，４・・・ｙ軸プレスのパンチ、５，６・・・Ｘ
軸プレスのパンチ、７・・・被焼結体、８・・・補助ダ
イ、９．１５，１６・・・油圧シリンダ、１２，２１，
２２・・・ラムシリンダ、３１・・・制御装置。Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the punch arrangement of the press in an embodiment of the current sintering apparatus according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of its operation, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the desired L punch. It is. 1... Die of Z-axis press, 2... Punch of Z-axis press, 3, 4... Punch of y-axis press, 5, 6... X
Axial press punch, 7... Sintered body, 8... Auxiliary die, 9.15, 16... Hydraulic cylinder, 12, 21,
22... Ram cylinder, 31... Control device.
Claims (1)
からそれぞれ単独で被焼結体を加圧できる三組のプレス
装置と、上記プレス装置のうちの少くとも一つを通じて
被焼結体に通電し得る電源回路と、設定されたプログラ
ムに従って上記三組の２°レス装置を作動させ、被焼結
体を加圧、通電、焼結するプログラム制御装置とから成
る通電焼結装置。 ２ 三組のプレス装置が、被焼結体を鉛直方向（Ｘ軸方
向）に加圧、通電できるパンチ及びダイから成るＺ軸プ
レスと、上記ｚ軸プレスのパンチ及びダイの間で作動す
る一対のパンチを有し被焼結体を上記Ｚ軸と直交する方
向（ｙ軸方向）に加圧できるｙ軸プレスと、上記ｙ軸プ
レスの一対のパンチの間で作動する一対のパンチを有し
被焼結体を上記２軸及びｙ軸と直交する方向（Ｘ軸方向
）に加圧できるＸ軸プレスとであり、電源回路が上記２
軸プレスを通じて被焼結体に給電できる電源回路である
、特許請求の範囲第１項記載の通電焼結装置。 ３ プログラム制御装置が、上記三組のプレス装置を順
次輪番的に作動させる特許請求の範囲第１項又は第２項
記載の通電焼結装置。[Claims] 1. Three mutually orthogonal axes (X-axis, y-axis, and X-axis directions)
three sets of press devices that can individually press the object to be sintered, a power supply circuit that can supply electricity to the object to be sintered through at least one of the press devices, and three sets of press devices that can press the object to be sintered independently according to a set program. An electric current sintering device consisting of a program control device that operates the 2°less device to pressurize, energize, and sinter the object to be sintered. 2. Three sets of press devices include a Z-axis press consisting of a punch and die that can press and energize the object to be sintered in the vertical direction (X-axis direction), and a pair of presses that operate between the punch and die of the Z-axis press. A y-axis press that has a punch and can press the object to be sintered in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis (y-axis direction), and a pair of punches that operate between the pair of punches of the y-axis press. It is an X-axis press that can press the object to be sintered in a direction (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the above two axes and the y-axis, and the power supply circuit is connected to the above two axes.
The current sintering apparatus according to claim 1, which is a power supply circuit that can supply power to the object to be sintered through an axial press. 3. The energization sintering apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the program control device sequentially operates the three sets of press devices in rotation.
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53121466A JPS5838482B2 (en) | 1978-10-04 | 1978-10-04 | Electrical sintering equipment |
| US06/027,662 US4273581A (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1979-04-06 | Sintering method |
| GB7912191A GB2020639B (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1979-04-06 | Moulding particulate material |
| IT48677/79A IT1116169B (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1979-04-09 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR SINTERING |
| DE19792914254 DE2914254A1 (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1979-04-09 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRINTING Sintering |
| FR7908991A FR2423289B1 (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1979-04-09 | |
| GB8121160A GB2099804B (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1981-07-09 | Sintering of particulate material |
| US06/517,469 US4536366A (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1983-07-26 | Sintering method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53121466A JPS5838482B2 (en) | 1978-10-04 | 1978-10-04 | Electrical sintering equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5550401A JPS5550401A (en) | 1980-04-12 |
| JPS5838482B2 true JPS5838482B2 (en) | 1983-08-23 |
Family
ID=14811831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53121466A Expired JPS5838482B2 (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1978-10-04 | Electrical sintering equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5838482B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5959382U (en) * | 1982-10-08 | 1984-04-18 | 江上 清美 | Elastic correction pen |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4017865B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2007-12-05 | Ｓｐｓシンテックス株式会社 | Pulse energization pressure sintering method, sintering apparatus and sintered body thereof |
-
1978
- 1978-10-04 JP JP53121466A patent/JPS5838482B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5959382U (en) * | 1982-10-08 | 1984-04-18 | 江上 清美 | Elastic correction pen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5550401A (en) | 1980-04-12 |
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