JPS5831290A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent a heat exchanger from receiving adverse effects of dusts, by a method wherein a passage for a high-pressure, high-temperature gas having a high dust content is broadened and is cleared of obstacles except heat pipe elements to prevent dusts from stagnating in the heat exchanger. CONSTITUTION:A high-pressure, high-temperature gas 15 having a high dust content is introduced through an inflow port 7, flows downwards in the passage 14 therefor while making contact with the outside surfaces of evaporating parts of the heat pipe elements 12, and is discharged through an outflow port 8. On the other hand, a low-temperature gas 16 is introduced through an inflow port 4, flows upwards in a passage 13 therefor while making contact with the outside surfaces of condensing parts of the elements 12, and is discharged through an outflow port 3. Although the high-temperature gas 15 contains a large amount of dusts, it flows straightly downwards in the passage 14 and there is no obstacles other than the elements 12 in the passage 14, so that the gas is cooled to be a gas 15' without any stagnation or accumulation of the dusts in an inside cylindrical member 5. Accordingly, adverse effects of the dusts are prevented.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a heat exchanger using a heat pipe element that efficiently exchanges heat between gases having a pressure difference.

Conventionally, there are various types of heat exchangers for exchanging heat between gases, and many proposals have been made. As a new need, a heat exchanger that can effectively exchange heat between gases having a large pressure difference is desired in coal gasification power generation processes and the like.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the coal gasification slowdown process. Coal gas generated in the coal gasification furnace 100 passes through a waste heat boiler 101 and a primary dust collector M1o2 to a heat exchanger 103.
scrubber 1, which further performs complete dust removal and desulfurization.
04, it is sent to the gas turbine 106 for driving the generator 105 via the heat exchanger 103 described above. In such a coal gasification power generation process, the coal gas that has undergone primary dust collection is heated to a high temperature of, for example, a pressure ZOkg/(1)27, a dust content of 10 to 20/Nm', and a temperature of 800 to 400°C. This is high-pressure, high-dust-containing gas (hereinafter referred to as m'llll+ gas), and in order to effectively utilize the sensible heat of this gas, a heat exchanger 103 is installed.
The low-temperature l! passed through the scrubber 104 at Heat exchange is performed with l# gas (hereinafter referred to as low temperature gas).

As the low-temperature gas is dedusted and desulfurized in the scrubber as mentioned above, the pressure drops by the amount of pressure loss during that time.
There is a large pressure difference with the high temperature gas. The heat exchanger 103 is required to be able to sufficiently withstand such a pressure difference and to be less prone to failures caused by mH contained in high-temperature gas. The and-tube heat exchanger had problems with pressure resistance and dust management.

In view of the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, the present invention aims to have sufficient pressure resistance against large pressure differences between gases, and to minimize the influence of dust on equipment. According to the present invention, heat exchange between gases is performed using a heat pipe element. A vertical double cylindrical container with good pressure resistance is formed by an outer cylindrical member extending in the M direction and an inner cylindrical member extending concentrically and in the same direction as the outer cylindrical member. It is characterized by providing inflow and outflow ports for each gas to be exchanged, and providing a heat pipe element that extends radially from the center of the inner cylindrical member to the outer cylindrical member and intersects the inner cylindrical member.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the heat exchanger.

The outer cylindrical member 1 has a vertically extending cylindrical part 2, and a cold gas outlet 3 and an inlet 4 provided at the upper and lower parts thereof. The inner cylindrical member 5 has a cylindrical part 6 that is concentric with the cylindrical part 2 and extends in the vertical direction inside the cylindrical part 2, and a high temperature gas inflow lower and an outflow RL 8 provided at the upper and lower parts of the cylindrical part 6, Outer cylindrical member 1
and the inner cylindrical member 5 form a vertical double cylindrical container.

More specifically, a part cover 2α is removably attached to the second part side of the cylindrical part 2 at the seventh rung part 2b by a connecting means 2C such as a bolt φ nut. A lower cover 2d is integrally provided. The upper cover 2d is integrally provided with the low-temperature gas outlet 3 and the warm gas inflow lower, and the lower cover 2d has l! +l An inlet 4 for low-temperature gas and an outlet 8 for high-temperature gas are integrally provided. Also i, fη−
The cover 2a is provided with a communication tube 5α that communicates the cylindrical portion 6 with the lower inflow of high-temperature gas, and a communication tube 5α that communicates with the high-temperature gas outlet 8 through an expansion 9 and a short cylindrical portion 10 at the lower part of the cylindrical portion 6. A pipe 51) is attached.

A short cylindrical portion 10 (fixed to the side wall of the spout 8 with a welded portion 11).

The inner circle v? extends radially from the center of the inner cylindrical member 5 to the outer cylindrical member 1. A large number of heat pipe elements 12 are provided so as to intersect with the J member 5. In addition, 13 in the figure is a low temperature gas Mi path, 14 is a high temperature gas enclosure, and 15
．． 15 indicates inflow and outflow high temperature gas, and 16 and 16 indicate inflow and outflow low temperature gas, respectively.

High-pressure, highly dust-containing high-temperature gas 15 flows in from the inflow lower, flows downward while contacting the outer peripheral surface of the evaporation part of heat pipe element 12 in high-temperature gas passage 14, and is discharged from outlet 8. On the other hand, the low-temperature gas 16 enters through the inlet 4 , flows upward while contacting the outer open surface of the aggregation portion of the heat pipe element 12 in the low-temperature gas passage 13 , and is discharged through the outlet 3 . Therefore, heat exchange is performed between the high temperature gas 15 and the low temperature gas 16 due to the action of the working medium sealed within the heat pipe element 12. The high temperature gas 15 contains a lot of dust,
Since the high-temperature gas flows straight downward through the high-temperature gas passage 14 and there is no interference other than the heat pipe element 12, dust does not stay in the inner cylindrical member 5 and is cooled to become the gas 15 without accumulating or accumulating. The difference in thermal expansion between the outer cylindrical member 1 and the inner cylindrical member 5 caused by the passage of the low temperature gas 16 is absorbed by the expansion 9. Further, since the high pressure of the high temperature gas is maintained within the cylindrical portion 6, the structure has good pressure resistance and is economical. Since the high-pressure gas 156:1 is in contact with the heat pipe element 12 at the edge (nearly perpendicular), the heat transfer efficiency is also good. Furthermore, the cylindrical portion 6 of the inner cylindrical member 5
The heat pipe element 12 supports the load by hanging from the upper cover 2a via the connecting tube 5α, and the short tube 1o
The welded part 11 between the side wall of the high temperature gas outlet 8 and the side wall of the high temperature gas outlet 8 has a structure that receives only the reaction force of the expansion 9, and in the event that the inside of the heat exchanger needs to be inspected or repaired, the welded part 11 should be cut. 7. Remove the connecting means of the flange portion 2b and remove the upper cover 2α.
Lift up the inner cylindrical part'! A5 and heat pipe element 12 can be taken out.

The embodiment of the present invention described above has the following effects. (1) By using a heat pipe element as a heat exchanger between gases having a large pressure difference and configuring a vertical double circular theory container, It has excellent pressure resistance and can have an economical structure.

(2) Since the heat pipe element is installed so as to intersect with the center inner cylindrical member within the inner cylindrical member, the path for the high temperature gas containing high dust is wide, and there is no interference other than the heat pipe element, so dust The heat exchanger does not accumulate or accumulate in the heat exchanger, and the adverse effects of dust can be avoided.

(8) The structure has a structure in which the gas flow intersects with the heat pipe element, so the heat transfer efficiency is good.

(4) The heat exchanger can be easily disassembled for inspection and repair.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the intersection angle between the heat pipe element 12 and the inner cylindrical member 5.

It is easiest to attach the heat pipe element 12 to the inner cylindrical member 5 so as to cross the inner cylindrical member 5 at right angles, but as shown in FIG. By intersecting at an angle of θ (θ<90 degrees), the effective heat transfer area of the heat pipe element 12 can be increased, so that the heat exchange function can be improved.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of this heat exchanger, in which most of the heat pipe elements 12 are shown only by the center line.

If the heat pipe elements 12 are arranged to extend radially from the center of the inner cylindrical member 5, it is inevitable that the space between the heat pipe elements 12 in the outer cylindrical member 1 will become larger. In order to arrange the heat pipe elements 12 as densely as possible, the two heat pipe elements 12 shown in Figure 4, long and short, are arranged alternately to reduce wasted space and improve the heat exchange function.

Fig. 5 shows another solution in which fins 17 are installed in the space between the inner cylindrical member 5 and the outer cylindrical member 1 at right angles to the extending direction of the heat pipe element to fill the space and improve the heat exchange function. It is something that

Next, still another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. In the drawings, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 3 to 6 indicate the same or equivalent parts.

A spacer pipe 18 is provided concentrically inside the inner cylindrical member 5, and the spacer pipe 1B extends in the vertical force direction and is connected to the cylindrical portion 6 and the connecting pipe 5cL by supporting members 19 and 20.
Fixed. As shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of plate-shaped support members 19, 20 are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction so as not to impede the flow of the high-temperature gas 15. The heat pipe elements 12 extend radially from the outside of the spacer pipe 18 at the center of the inner cylindrical member 5 to the outer cylindrical member 1 . In this way, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, the space between the heat pipe elements 12 can be reduced, and the heat pipe elements 12 can be arranged relatively densely.

Furthermore, FIGS. 9 to 11 show other embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 2 to 8 indicate the same or equivalent parts.

In addition to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which the heat pipe element 12 can be cleaned without disassembling the heat exchanger. High-temperature gas with high dust content flows straight downward from the inlet, passes through the wide passage 14, and is discharged from the outlet 8, so that the dust is absorbed into the inner thin circle 1 yen? ! Since it is rare that dust stays or spreads inside the NLS material 5, it is necessary to clean the inside of the heat exchanger for a considerable period of time. Since the heat pipe element 12 accumulates on the upper surface of the heat pipe element 12, it is necessary to provide cleaning means from several sides.

In FIG. 9, the spacer vibe 18 is mainly used as a ladder, and the cleaning vibe 21 is connected to it.
Water can be supplied from the outside of the heat exchanger to 1, and a stop valve 22 is installed during operation.
will be established. The spacer pipe 18 is equipped with water spray headers 23 in several stages in the vertical direction radially from the spacer vibe 1B (see 1st θ) and perpendicular to the spacer pipe 18 (
A large number of water injection holes 24 are provided in the water spray header 23 (see Figure 11).

To clean the heat exchanger, the stop valve 22 is opened and water is supplied from the cleaning vibe 22 into the spacer pipe 18 . The water passes through the water spray header 23 and is sprayed downward from the water injection hole 24, cleaning the surface of the heat pipe element 12 at the lower blade position and ejecting the inner surface. A water drain hole may be provided at a suitable location from 31 on the external piping connected to the outlet 8 to discharge the water after washing.

According to this example, disassembling the heat exchanger 7:c<
It is possible to periodically clean the interior of the heat exchanger, in particular the surfaces of the heat pipe elements 12 located in the hot gas paths with high dust content.

It is also possible to carry out the soot blowing in the heat exchanger in a similar manner using air or a clean gas instead of water as the cleaning propellant. Especially if coal gas is reprocessed and left purified gas or steam is used, it is possible to clean the inside of the heat exchanger without shutting down the plant for cleaning.

As explained below, according to the present invention, a heat exchanger between gases having a large pressure difference can be constructed with excellent pressure resistance and economical structure, and the accumulation of dust in the heat exchanger can be minimized. It is also possible to provide a heat exchanger with good heat transfer.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the coal gasification power generation process, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 8 shows that the inner cylindrical member and the heat pipe element are attached at a corner. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger showing an arrangement of heat pipe elements as another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows another arrangement of heat pipe elements as still another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a heat exchanger showing another embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view showing the spacer vibe attachment part of Fig. fAB diagram is 6th
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger showing still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a sprayer according to the embodiment of FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the headers, and a detailed view showing the mounting portions of the spacer vibe and the spray header. 1... Outer cylindrical member, 3... Low temperature gas outlet, 4... Low temperature gas inlet, 5...
・Inner cylindrical member, 7... High temperature gas inlet, 8.
...High temperature gas outflow [1, 12 ... Heat pipe element, 18 ... Spacer pipe, 23.
...Cleaning propellant spray header 〇 Agent Patent attorney Takeshi Kenji Department 76 Figure 7q

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In a heat exchanger that uses a heat pipe element to exchange heat between gases, there is an outer cylindrical member that sharpens in the vertical force direction, and an inner cylindrical part that is concentric with and extends in the same direction as the outer cylindrical member. 4A to form a pressure-resistant vertical double cylindrical container, and inflow and outflow ports for each gas for heat exchange are provided at the upper and lower parts of the inner cylindrical member, respectively, and from the center of the inner cylindrical part to the outer cylindrical part H. A heat exchanger characterized in that a heat pipe is provided that extends radially throughout and intersects with the inner cylindrical member. (2) Each cylindrical member is arranged so that dust-containing high-temperature gas flows downward from above the inner circular member, and non-dust-containing low-temperature gas flows upward from below the outer cylindrical member. A heat exchanger according to claim (1), characterized in that the inflow and outflow ports are arranged. (s) A spacer pipe extending in the same direction as the inner cylindrical portion is provided in the center of the inner cylindrical member, and a heat pipe element is provided in the outer direction of the spacer pipe. The heat exchanger described in (2).