JPS5828044Y2 - Hydraulic excavator operating device - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an improvement of an operating device for a hydraulic excavator.

Generally, a hydraulic excavator uses its own engine to drive a hydraulic pump, and the generated pressure oil is used as a driving source for operating various parts.

The operations of each part are (a) traveling movement, (b) turning movement, (c) boom, (d) arm, and (e) bending and stretching of the packet.

The operation is usually performed using a plurality of operating levers.

The configuration of the hydraulic excavator will be explained with reference to the overall schematic diagram of the hydraulic excavator shown in FIG.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a hydraulic excavator, 2 a traveling truck, 3 a swivel platform rotatably supported on the traveling truck 2, 4 a cabin, and a control platform 11 is equipped with a plurality of operating levers 12.

5 is a boom driven by the first cylinder 8; 6 is an arm driven by the second cylinder 9; and 7 is a packet driven by the third cylinder 10.

Therefore, the operating device for a hydraulic excavator configured as described above will be described next.

The operating device of a conventional hydraulic excavator will be explained with reference to FIG. C is a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the boom (see 6 in Figure 1), d is a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the boom (see 6 in Figure 1) via piston rod C1, and d is a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the boom (see 6 in Figure 1) through a rotation axis d1. P is the hydraulic motor that rotates the hydraulic motor (see 3), and P is the engine (see 3) mounted on the hydraulic excavator.
(not shown); T is a tank;
e is a hydraulic distribution valve interposed in the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump P and tank T and the hydraulic cylinder a; f is a hydraulic distribution valve interposed in the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump P and tank T and the hydraulic cylinder b; equipped hydraulic distribution valve, g is the hydraulic pump P
and a hydraulic distribution valve interposed between the tank T and the hydraulic cylinder C; h is a hydraulic distribution valve interposed in the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump P and the tank T and the hydraulic motor d; i;
is an operating lever for operating the hydraulic distribution valve e, j is an operating lever for operating the hydraulic distributing valve f, k is an operating lever for operating the hydraulic distributing valve g, and l is an operating lever for operating the hydraulic distributing valve. Then, operate the operating levers i, j, and k to open each of the hydraulic distribution valves e.

f, g from the neutral position toward the extended position or contracted position, and sends pressure oil from the hydraulic pump P to the piston side or rod side of each of the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinders a, l), c, and moves each above-mentioned piston rod a. 1. b1. Expand and contract C1,
Moreover, the hydraulic distribution valve is moved from the neutral position to the forward rotation position or the reverse rotation position by operating the operation lever l,
Pressure oil from the hydraulic pump P is sent to one or the other of the hydraulic motors d, and the rotary shaft d1 is rotated forward or reverse to cause the packet to perform a predetermined work.

The above-mentioned hydraulic packet is operated by driving the packet, arm, boom, and rotation using independent control levers, and visually detecting when each operating end is at the desired position. , each operating end is stopped by returning each operating lever to its neutral point.

That is, it is necessary to operate the four levers i to 1 while visually following the movement of the packet with the operating tool, and the operation is delicate, difficult, and complicated, and there is a problem in that the operator becomes fatigued early.

The present invention addresses the above-mentioned problems by connecting the operation piece that strokes the packet, the operation piece that operates the arm, the operation piece that operates the boom, and the operation piece that operates the swivel table in series but in different directions. A control lever is arranged in the cockpit, and the control lever is connected to each other so as to be rotatable, and the control lever includes a handle, a first control lever, a second control lever, and a control link;
A potentiometer is connected to the pin joint so that the generated signal corresponding to each tilt corresponds to the feedback signal corresponding to the rotation of the operating shaft, and the control of each operating system of the packet, arm, and boom is controlled. The present invention relates to an operating device for a hydraulic excavator characterized in that a closed circuit and a swing control are formed in an open circuit, and the purpose thereof is to provide an improved operating device for a hydraulic excavator that can reduce operator fatigue. It is in the point of providing.

With this, if you grasp the operating handle at the end and rotate any of the operating pieces in a predetermined direction, the packet, arm, boom, or swivel base that corresponds to the same operating piece will move in the specified direction. Rotate in the direction.

Therefore, there is no need to operate four operating levers as in the conventional system, and the operator's fatigue can be reduced.

In addition to FIG. 1, an embodiment of the hydraulic excavator operating device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4th. This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

3 is a partially omitted perspective view of the operating device, FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view, FIG. 5 is a control circuit diagram of the packet, arm or boom, and Figure 6 is a control circuit diagram of the swing system.

10 is a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the packet 7 via the piston rod 10a, 9 is a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the arm 6 via the piston rod 9a, and 8 is a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the boom 5 via the piston rod 8a. Cylinder,
32 is a hydraulic pump P, a tank T, and the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder 8
An electro-hydraulic control valve installed in the hydraulic circuit between ゜9.10.

38 is an electro-hydraulic control valve installed in the hydraulic circuit between the hydraulic pump P and tank T and the hydraulic motor 39 for driving the swivel table 3; It has the function of discharging pressure oil in proportion to the electrical signal when the signal increases or decreases.

In this embodiment, the electrohydraulic control valve 32 is provided in each of the hydraulic cylinders 8, 9, and 10.

Reference numeral 12 is an operating lever that is the most distinctive feature of the present invention. Next, this operating lever 12 will be explained.
With the first operating lever attached to the hydraulic excavator body through the
The operating lever 18 is rotatable in the direction of arrow C (horizontal direction).

Further, 21 is a connecting rod designed at the upper end of the first operating lever 18, which is rotatably supported by the upper end bearing portion 18a of the first operating lever 18, so that it can be rotated in the direction of arrow B. ing.

Since the connecting rod 21 is provided with a bearing 16a at its center, it can be rotated in the direction of the arrow by a second operating lever 15, which will be described later.

1 and 2 are the second operating levers attached to the connecting rod 21 via the shaft 22, and the second operating lever 15 is rotatable about the shaft 16 in the direction of arrow B (vertical direction). I am writing.

Reference numeral 13 denotes an operating handle attached to the upper end of the second operating lever 15 via a shaft 13a, and the operating handle 13 is rotatable in the direction of arrow A around the shaft 13a.

Note that in these connection mechanisms, a spring for returning to neutral is interposed, but illustration thereof is omitted.

Further, 14 is a transmitting potentiometer connected to the operating handle 13 via a shaft 13a, 17 is a transmitting potentiometer connected to the second operating lever 15 via a shaft 16, and 20 is a transmitting potentiometer connected to the first operating lever 15 via a shaft 19. A transmitting potentiometer connected to the lever 18, a transmitting potentiometer 23 connected to the shaft 22 via a bearing 16a of the connecting rod 21, and a transmitting potentiometer 31 connected to the transmitting potentiometer (14,
17 and 20) and the electro-hydraulic control valve 32; 37 is the transmitting potentiometer 23 and the electro-hydraulic control valve; When the operating handle 13 is rotated a predetermined amount in the direction of arrow A using an amplifier installed in the electric circuit between the
The movement is transmitted through the shaft 13a, and the tension meter 1 is used for transmission.
4, and the transmitting potentiometer 14 (5th
30) rotates by an amount corresponding to the rotation direction and rotation angle of the operating handle 13 and sends an electric signal (voltage signal) to the amplifier 31, and the amplifier 31 receives the signal from the transmitting potentiometer 30. The spool of the electro-hydraulic control valve 32 is designed to amplify the deviation signal (minor electrical signal) between the electric signal and the electric signal sent from the feedback potentiometer 35 (described later) and send it to the electro-hydraulic control valve 32. moves from the neutral position toward the extended position or the contracted position by an amount corresponding to the electrical signal from the amplifier 31, and sends pressure oil from the pump P to the piston side or rod side of the hydraulic cylinder 33 (Fig. 1, 10). The piston rod 34 (FIG. 10a) is expanded and contracted by a predetermined amount.

The above operation is the same for the system of the first operating lever 18, transmitting potentiometer 20, and hydraulic cylinder 9, and the system of the second operating lever 15, transmitting potentiometer 17, and hydraulic cylinder 8.

Further, 35 is a feedback potentiometer for detecting the displacement of the piston rod 34 (FIG. 1 10a);
Although it is not necessary for the sixth rotation system, the other control circuits are the same.

In other words, the electrical signal obtained by the feedback potentiometer 35 is negatively fed back to the amplifier 31.
4, 17, or 20) to the amplifier 31 is sent from the feedback potentiometer 35 to the amplifier 31.

Next, the operation of the operating device will be explained.

First, the system of the operating handle 13 will be explained.

Pressure oil is sent from the hydraulic pump P to the electro-hydraulic control valve 33.

The control system power is turned on.

Further, when the electro-hydraulic control valve 32 and the hydraulic cylinder 33 are in the neutral position, if the operating handle 13 is rotated by a predetermined amount in the direction of arrow A, the transmitting potentiometer 14 is also rotated by the same angle in the same direction, and the output voltage is +5V. In other words, since this transmitting potentiometer 14 is designed to send out an electrical signal of +10■ when it is fully rotated, the electric signal is +△■ added to +5V at the neutral position. is sent to the amplifier 31.

At this time, the reference voltage is 15 cm from the feedback potentiometer 35 to the amplifier 31, that is, the feedback potentiometer 35 is 110 cm when the feedback potentiometer 35 is fully rotated.
The amplifier 31 subtracts the electrical signal from the feedback potentiometer 35 from the electrical signal from the transmitting potentiometer 30 because it is configured to send out an electrical signal of V, so the amplifier 31 subtracts the electrical signal from the feedback potentiometer 35 from the electrical signal from the transmission potentiometer 30. The deviation signal of +△■ is amplified and the electro-hydraulic control valve 32
Send to.

Therefore, the spool of the electro-hydraulic control valve 32 moves in the direction of the extended position by an amount corresponding to the deviation signal, and the hydraulic pump P
Send the pressure oil from to the piston side of the hydraulic cylinder 33,
The piston rod 34 is extended in the direction of the arrow.

At this time, the feedback potentiometer 35 detects the amount of displacement of the piston rod 34 and sends an electrical signal to the amplifier 31. When extended, -5V -△■
, the output from the amplifier 31 to the electro-hydraulic control valve 32 becomes zero, the electro-hydraulic control valve 32 returns to the neutral position, and the piston rod 34 is held at the extended position.

Contrary to the above, when the operating handle 13 is rotated a predetermined amount in the opposite direction, the transmitting potentiometer 14 (3 in FIG.
0) is also rotated in the same direction by the same angle, and from +5V to +
The electrical signal with Δ■ subtracted is sent to the amplifier 31.

At this time, since the reference voltage of 15V is input from the feedback potentiometer 35 to the amplifier 31, the amplifier 31 calculates the electrical signal from the feedback potentiometer 35 minus the electrical signal from the transmitting potentiometer 30 by 1△V. The deviation signal is amplified and sent to the electro-hydraulic control valve 32.

Therefore, the spool of the electro-hydraulic control valve 32 moves in the direction of the contracted position by an amount corresponding to the deviation signal, and the hydraulic pump P
Pressure oil is sent to the rod side of the hydraulic cylinder 33 to operate the piston rod 34 in the contraction direction.

At this time, the feedback potentiometer 35 detects the amount of displacement of the piston rod 34 and sends an electrical signal to the amplifier 31. When you do, -5■ to -△■
Since the voltage becomes the voltage obtained by subtracting , the output from the amplifier 31 to the electro-hydraulic control valve 32 becomes zero;
returns to the neutral position, and the piston rod 34 is held in the contracted position.

The above operation is the same for the operating lever 15 system and the operating lever 18 system.

In addition, the operating shaft 2 is connected via the operating handle 13 and operating lever 15.
2 is rotated from the neutral position in the direction of the arrow, the transmitting potentiometer 23 is also rotated in the same direction by an amount proportional to the rotation angle of the operating shaft 22, and an electric signal of +ΔV is sent to the amplifier 37.

Further, the amplifier 37 amplifies this electric signal and sends it to the electro-hydraulic control valve 38, which moves the spool of the electro-hydraulic control valve 38 in the direction of the forward rotation position by an amount corresponding to the electric signal.

Therefore, pressure oil from the hydraulic pump P is sent to the hydraulic motor 39, which operates and rotates the first rotating table 3.

Note that the rotation speed of the swivel base 3 increases as the rotation angle of the operating shaft 22 increases.

In addition, the operation shaft 22 is connected to the operation handle 13 and the operation lever 15.
is returned to the neutral position, the transmission potentiometer 23 to the amplifier 37 and from the amplifier 37 to the electro-hydraulic control valve 3
Since the electric signal to 8 becomes zero, the electric hydraulic control valve 38
returns to the neutral position, and the rotation of the swivel base 3 is stopped.

Also, contrary to the previous case, the operation handle 13 and the operation lever 1
When the operating shaft 22 is rotated in the opposite direction from the neutral position via Send to 37.

The amplifier 37 also amplifies this electrical signal and sends it to the electro-hydraulic control valve 38, which moves the spool of the electro-hydraulic control valve 38 in the direction of the reverse position by an amount corresponding to the electrical signal.

Therefore, pressure oil from the hydraulic pump P is sent to the hydraulic motor 39, which operates to rotate the swivel base 3 in the opposite direction.

Note that this system does not have an electrical feedback circuit, so the turning position must be determined visually.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to such embodiments, and that various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. .

For example, while replacing the electro-hydraulic control valves 32 and 38 with the hydraulic distribution valves shown in FIG. They may be connected by a mechanism.

Further, in this embodiment, each operation joint and the operation system of the hydraulic excavator are fixed, but the correspondence between them is not limited in any way.

As described above, according to the present invention, a hydraulic excavator packet,
The arm, boom, and swivel base can be operated from the cockpit using a single operating lever. Each operating system for the packet, arm, and boom has a positioning control circuit with a feedback circuit, and the swing operating system has a feedback circuit. The operating lever is configured as an open control circuit in which a bearing piece is fixed on the floor of the cockpit, and a first operating lever is attached to this so that it can freely rotate back and forth, and a connecting rod is attached to the upper end of the first operating lever so that it can freely move up and down. Installation: The second operating lever is rotatably attached to the connecting rod, and the handle is attached to the other end of the second operating lever so that it can be rotated back and forth, and each rotation operation is similar to that of a hydraulic excavator. By equipping each of the rotating parts with angle transmitting potentiometers, the necessary transmitters can be operated depending on how the operating handle is operated, resulting in the following effects.

A hydraulic excavator is a machine whose main purpose is to roughly cut and move earth and sand, but it requires the operator's skill to roughly cut and move the packet in an optimal posture, and long-term work can be difficult due to nerve fatigue. be.

According to the present invention, since a posture corresponding to the amount of operation is secured with one operation lever, unnecessary operations are eliminated and even an amateur can easily handle it.

The fact that it is easy and comfortable to operate reduces operator fatigue, greatly increases reliability and efficiency, and enables delicate inching and accurate, speedy, and good work.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a general hydraulic excavator, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the operating device of a conventional hydraulic excavator, Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view thereof. figure,
FIG. 5 is a control circuit diagram of the packet, arm, or boom, and FIG. 6 is a control circuit diagram of the swing system. 5...Boom, 6...Arm, 7...
... Packet, 12 ... Operation lever, 13
...handle, 15...second operation lever,
18...First operating lever, 21...Connecting rod, 14°17.20.23...Angle transmission potentiometer.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A bearing piece is fixed on the floor of the cockpit, a first operating lever is attached to the bearing piece so as to be freely rotatable in the front and rear directions, a connecting rod is attached to the upper end of the first operating lever so as to be freely rotatable in the vertical direction, and the connecting rod is A second operating lever extending toward the operator is attached so as to be rotatable about a plane orthogonal to the extending direction, and a handle is attached to the other end of the second operating lever so that it can be rotated back and forth. A potentiometer for transmitting angle is provided in the moving part, and each operating system of the packet, arm, and boom is a feedback control circuit having a control valve for supplying and discharging pressure oil to each operating system in accordance with the signal from the potentiometer for transmitting angle. The swing operation system is an open control circuit with a control valve that supplies and discharges pressure oil to the operation system in response to the signal from the angle output potentiometer. An operating device for a hydraulic excavator, characterized in that the swiveling packet, arm, boom, and swivel base can be operated from the cockpit.