JPS58225330A - Differential dynamometer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable various measurements, by using a main drive shaft connected to a motor and two auxiliary drive shafts connected to said main drive shaft through a differential mechanism to compare and measure reference load with load to be measured. CONSTITUTION:Torque T1 transmitted to a main drive shaft 2 from a motor 1 is transmitted to auxiliary drive shafts 4, 5 from a differential mechanism 3 in an equally distributed state. The container 38 of the auxiliary drive shaft 4 is filled with reference load having known viscosity and the container 39 of the auxiliary drive shaft 5 is filled with a specimen. The rotary speeds of each auxiliary drive shafts 4, 5 are measured by rotary speed meters 36, 37 and power consumption is measured by a dynamometer 35. As the reference load, one of which the viscosity is changed with the elapse of time is used and, when a mixture prepared by mixing sand or gravel in a cement paste is used as the specimen, a viscosity ratio can be detected by calculating the influence of sand or gravel from the inverse number of a rotary speed ratio.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a dynamometer. In particular, this book concerns a dynamometer suitable for measuring the viscosity of a sample in correspondence with the viscosity of a reference load.

[Description of prior art]

Generally, a rotational viscometer measures the torque applied to the rotor shaft, and calculates the viscosity of the object to be measured from the measured torque. In other words, if the torque applied to the rotor shaft K is T, then T=η・γ・V ・・・・・・・・・・・・
(1) However, η is the viscosity, γ is the sliding speed, and ■ is the effective volume of the viscometer.

Here, the effective volume V is constant for needles with the same viscosity, and it is possible to measure the same while keeping the speed r constant. Therefore, T′=l′・y−V for samples with different viscosities
・・・・・・・・・・・・(2)

Dividing equation (1) by equation (2), or η'=-・T' ・・・・・・・・・・・・(
4).

Therefore, if η/T is measured as an instrument constant,
The viscosity η' of the sample can be determined from the torque T'.

However, in order to easily calculate the shear rate with a normal rotational viscometer, the stirring part is constructed by making the rotor and stator concentric cylinders, or by combining a cylindrical cup and a conical shape. . For this reason, a sample containing lumps may not be uniformly agitated by the rotor, and only the friction at the contact surface with the rotor may be read as the total torque. Also,
Some devices have a rotor shaped like a stirring blade to flow the entire sample. However, since the speed at each part of the rotor varies rapidly, it is desirable to be able to accurately measure torque.

Furthermore, a dispersion system, which is a mixture of liquid and solid particles, exhibits the properties of a fluid, and its viscosity can be measured using a rotational viscometer, but the viscosity changes significantly over time depending on the state of dispersion or aggregation of the particles. Other substances are added to this mixture of liquid and solid particles and mixed. For example, cement paste is mixed with other substances such as sand and gravel to make concrete, or a mixture of adzuki bean flour, water and sugar is mixed with other substances such as cut rice cakes to make shirujin. is being carried out.

At this time, it can be assumed that the fluidity of the dispersion system containing the mixed substance is closely related to the viscosity of the dispersion system before this substance is mixed, but the viscosity of the dispersion system before mixing itself is the same as described above. It changes like this. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the influence of this substance, it is necessary to simultaneously measure the viscosity of the dispersion system mixed with this substance and the dispersion system before mixing using the same measuring device. However, if the mixed substance is a large lump that cannot be called a particulate, the rotational viscometer cannot measure the viscosity as described above, and the influence of the lump mixed into the fluid can be reflected in the viscosity of the fluid. cannot be measured in relation to

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention improves this point by providing a differential power needle that can measure the fluidity of a mixture containing large lumps in relation to the viscosity of the fluid before mixing with the lumps. The purpose is to

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention includes a main drive shaft, a drive power source that provides driving power to the main drive shaft, two sub-drive shafts connected to the main drive shaft via a differential mechanism, and the main drive shaft. a base through which the two sub-drive shafts rotatably pass through and to which the outer frame of the drive power source is fixed; means for detecting the output of the drive power source; The apparatus is characterized in that it includes means for detecting each rotational speed, and is configured to apply a load to each of the sub-drive shafts.

In addition, the differential mechanism is provided with a first bevel gear through which the main drive shaft passes through a center portion thereof and is fixed to the main drive shaft, and a first bevel gear that faces the first bevel gear. Consisting of a second bevel gear that rotatably penetrates through the center, and a pair of third and fourth bevel gears that are provided facing each other and interlock the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear KtlJ. is,
It is preferable that one of the sub-drive shafts is driven by the rotation of the second bevel gear, and the other of the sub-drive shafts is driven by the rotation of the first bevel gear.

Further, it is preferable that the base is a case that covers the differential mechanism.

Further, in the present invention, equal stirring blades are fixed to each of the two auxiliary drive shafts, the means for applying the reference load is a constant volume of a fluid with a known viscosity, and the load to be measured is the constant volume to be measured. Fluid ′″1v′**, = 16・
ζAlso, it is preferable that the loads applied to the two sub-drive shafts be such that one is a reference load and the other is a measured load.

The first aspect of the present invention is a dynamometer for measuring power, and the second aspect of the present invention is a viscometer for measuring viscosity.

[Explanation based on examples]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of main parts of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a motor 1, a main drive shaft 2 connected to the motor 1, a sub drive shaft 4 and 5 connected to the main drive shaft 2 via a differential mechanism 3, and a sub drive shaft 2 connected to the motor 1. It consists of stirring blades 6 and 7 fixed to shafts 4 and 5, respectively, and a base 8 to which the motor 1 is fixed.

FIG. 2 shows a central vertical cross-sectional view of FIG. 1. The motor 1 is fixed to the base 8 by a support frame 10. A rotating shaft 11 of this motor 1 is connected to a main drive shaft 2 by a coupling 12. The main drive shaft rotatably passes through the two-piece base 8 and the support plate 13, and its lower end is rotatably held by a bearing 14. A large bevel gear 16 constituting the differential mechanism 3 is fixed to the upper part of the main drive shaft 2.

The differential mechanism 3 includes the large bevel gear 16, a large bevel gear 17 which faces the large bevel gear 16 and whose center portion is rotatably fitted to the main drive shaft 2, and the large bevel gear 16 and the large bevel gear 17. It consists of a pair of small bevel gears 18 and 19 that mesh with gear 17. These small bevel gears 18 and 19 are connected to a support shaft 21.
and 22, and rotatably support the support shafts 21 and 22 on support plates 25 and 26, respectively. The support plates 25 and 26 are screwed onto the support plate 13 and the spur gear 27.

This spur gear 27 has its central portion rotatably fitted to the main drive shaft 2, and its southern portion engages with spur teeth *28. The center portion Kld of this spur gear 28 is fixed to the auxiliary drive shaft 4 .

The four auxiliary drive shafts pass through the base 8 rotatably. Also,
A spur gear 30 is fixed to the lower end of the large bevel gear 17,
The center portion of the socket-shaped spur gear 30 is rotatably fitted to the main drive shaft 2, and its teeth mesh with the spur gear 31.

The auxiliary drive shaft 5 is fixed to the center of the spur gear 31, and the auxiliary drive shaft 5 rotatably passes through the base 8.

Further, 1,000fe*, 30 is supported by a support ring 32.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of main parts of an embodiment of the present invention.

In Fig. 3, 35 is a dynamometer connected to the motor IK,
Reference numerals 36 and 37 are a rotational speed set for detecting the rotational speed of the sub-drive shafts 4 and 5, and 38 and 39 are containers having the same volume V into which a sample or a fluid serving as a reference load is injected.

Here, the dynamometer 35 is an effective value wattmeter, and the tachometer 36.37 is an optical tachometer that counts reflected light from a reflective mark on the shaft or a disc that is linked to the shaft as an electric pulse. is used.
- The characteristic operation of the present invention will be explained using such a configuration.

Torque T1 transmitted from the motor 1 to the main drive shaft 2 is equally distributed and transmitted to the sub drive shafts 4 and 5 by the differential mechanism 3.

That is, when the loads applied to the auxiliary drive shafts 4 and 5 are the same, or when both are unloaded, when the main drive shaft 2 is rotated by the motor 1, the small bevel gear 18 of the differential mechanism 3 is rotated.
19 rotates at the same rotational speed, the differential mechanism 3 and the spur gears 27 and 30 rotate together with the main drive shaft 2. Therefore, the sub-drive shafts 4 and 5 rotate at the same rotational speed. Furthermore, when the loads applied to the sub-drive shafts 4 and 5 are different, the rotational speed of the small bevel gears 18 and 19 changes depending on the load, and for example, the load on the sub-drive shaft 4 is different from the load on the sub-drive shaft 5. When the load becomes heavier, a difference occurs in the rotational speeds of the sub-drive shafts 4 and 5 in accordance with the difference in load.

Now, let the motor output be T1 and the friction loss of the device be T2.
Then, the torque (T1-72') is 4.5
evenly distributed. Therefore, the above equation (1), (2
), the dynamometer according to the present invention has the following equation. −r = η′・γ′ ・・・
-・・・dan・(6)or becomes.

That is, when measuring a sample, first the sub drive shaft 4.5
The main drive shaft 2 is rotated with no load, and the power consumption at this time is measured with a dynamometer 35. This results in (
5) T2 of the formula is obtained.

Next, the container 38 of the sub-drive shaft 4 is filled with a known reference load (for example, water, silicone oil, etc.) having a viscosity η, and the container 39 of the sub-drive shaft 5 is filled with a sample. Each sub-drive shaft 4 at this time.
50 rotations are measured with a tachometer 36, 37, and power consumption is measured with a dynamometer 35.

Based on this measurement result, the viscosity η' of the sample is calculated from equation (7). In addition, if the power consumption of the reference load at this time is known, the power consumption at the sample viscosity η' can also be calculated using the dynamometer.
It is calculated by subtracting this known power consumption from the measured value of 5.

In addition, as a reference load, a load whose viscosity η changes over time (
For example, when using cement paste) and using a sample mixed with sand or gravel, the influence of this sand or gravel can be calculated by the reciprocal of the rotational speed ratio r.
By calculating / and /, it can be detected as a viscosity ratio from equation (7). Therefore, when designing cement paste, etc., the influence of sand and gravel can be calculated based on the viscosity of the cement paste, and the power and strength of equipment can be accurately designed based on this result.

Further, in order for the drive torque to be evenly distributed to the sub-drive shafts 4 and 5, the sum of the moments of inertia of the parts connected to each sub-drive shaft 4.5 must be equal. To achieve this, the thickness of the spur gear 30 may be changed or a weight may be attached to the auxiliary drive shaft 4.5.
The rotational speed is adjusted at the time of manufacture so that the rotation speed is the same when no load is applied and when the same sample is stirred.

Further, in the above embodiment, the sub-drive shafts 4 and 5 rotate in opposite directions, but depending on the shape of the stirring blades 6 and 7, the torque during normal rotation and reverse rotation may differ.
Between spur gear 27 and spur gear 28 or between spur gears 30 and 31
It is preferable to add one spur gear between them so that the rotation directions of the auxiliary drive shafts 4 and 5 coincide with each other.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the case where the rotational speed ratio of the sub-drive shafts 4 and 50 was set to 1=1 was shown, but if the viscosity ratio of the reference load and the sample is extremely large, the rotation speed of the sub-drive shafts 4 and 50 may be Since the rotational speed becomes extremely high and it becomes difficult to accurately measure the rotational speed, the number of teeth of the spur gears 28 and 31 may be changed to deviate the rotational speed ratio of the auxiliary drive shafts 4 and 50 in advance. Even in this case, the relationships expressed by equations (6) and (7) are maintained, and the products of the rotational speeds and torques of the spur gears 27 and 30 are always equal.

Further, the configuration of the differential mechanism 3 is not limited to the one shown in the above embodiment, but can be configured in many different ways, such as a combination of spur gears and ring gears.

1. In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to a viscometer, but a standard brake with a known braking force may be attached to one of the auxiliary drive shafts as a reference load. In this case, the sample is often limited to fluid or liquid, and the frictional resistance of the sample is detected as a rotational speed ratio.

[Explanation of effects]

As described above, according to the present invention, the drive torque transmitted to the main drive shaft is equally distributed and transmitted to the two sub-drive shafts via the differential mechanism.

17 Therefore, (a) If a reference load such as a standard brake or standard bearing with a known braking force is attached to one sub-drive shaft, the control force or frictional resistance of the brake, bearing, etc. that is attached to the other sub-drive shaft will be can be easily detected and product quality can be easily inspected.

By using the present invention as a viscometer, (b) the fluidity of a powder or lump can be measured as a ratio to the viscosity of a liquid whose viscosity is known.

(C) Also, the viscosity of a liquid mixed with powder or lumps can be measured as a ratio to the viscosity of the liquid before mixing the powder or lumps. Furthermore, even if the viscosity of this liquid changes over time, accurate table measurements are possible because simultaneous measurements are performed using two axes.

(d) Furthermore, if a monomer mixed with an additive such as a polymerization accelerator or a polymerization inhibitor and a monomer mixed with no additive are simultaneously measured in the same temperature tube, the influence of the additive can be measured as a viscosity ratio.

The effects described in (b) to (d) above are excellent effects that could not be provided by conventional rotational viscosity needles, and thereby the design accuracy of mixers and the like can be significantly improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of main parts of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view in which a part of the drawing is exaggerated in order to clarify the connection or sliding relationship in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the main parts of the above embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Motor, 2... Main drive shaft, 3... Differential mechanism, 4.5... Sub drive shaft, 6.7... Stirring blade, 8...
...Base, 16.1;7...Large bevel gear, 18.19
...Small bevel gear, 27.28.30,31...Spur gear, 35...Dynamometer, 36.37...Rotational speed meter,
3B, 39... Container. y+12 Figure 3rd

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A main drive shaft, a drive power source that provides driving power to this main drive shaft, two sub-drive shafts connected to this main drive shaft via a differential mechanism, the above-mentioned main drive shaft and the above-mentioned a base to which an outer frame of the drive power source is fixed, through which two sub-drive shafts are rotatably passed through each other; a means for detecting the output of the drive power source; and a means for detecting the output of the drive power source; A differential dynamometer, comprising: a means for detecting speed; and a differential dynamometer configured to apply a load to each of the two sub-drive shafts. (2) The differential mechanism includes a first bevel gear with a main drive shaft passing through its center and fixed to the main drive shaft, and a first bevel gear provided opposite to the first bevel gear and with the main drive shaft fixed to the main drive shaft. a second bevel gear that rotatably passes through the center thereof; a pair of third and fourth bevel gears that mesh with the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear and are provided facing each other; Claim (1), wherein one of the sub-drive shafts is driven by the rotation of the second bevel gear, and the other of the sub-drive shafts is driven by the rotation of the first bevel gear. Differential dynamometer as described in Section. (3) The base is This is a case that covers the differential mechanism. A differential dynamometer according to claim (1). (4) The differential dynamometer according to claim (1), wherein one of the loads applied to the two sub-drive shafts is a reference load and the other IC is a measured load. (5) a main drive shaft; a drive power source that provides driving power to this main drive shaft; and two sub-drive shafts connected to this main drive shaft via a differential mechanism; a base through which two sub-drive shafts rotatably pass through each other and to which an outer frame of the drive force source is fixed; a means for detecting the output of the drive power source; and a reference load applied to one of the sub-drive shafts. and a means for detecting the respective rotational speeds of the two sub-drive shafts, configured to apply a measured load to the other of the sub-drive shafts, and equal to each of the two sub-drive shafts. A viscometer to which a stirring blade is fixed, the means for applying the reference load is a redundant volume of fluid with a known viscosity, and the load to be measured is the predetermined volume of the fluid to be measured.