JPS58221564A - Portable copying machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize a reduction of power consumption and the miniaturization of a portable copying machine as well as to ensure the working of the copying machine with a battery, by constituting the copying machine with an image pick- up part, a storage part, a photoprinting part, etc. and therefore excludes a development part and a printing part. CONSTITUTION:An image pickup part 10 of a portable copying machine 2 contains a 1-dimensional image pickup part 3 constituted by a lens 4 and an image sensor 5, an illumination part 9 and a buffer amplifying part 6. The part 10, a storage part 11 and a photoprinting part 12 constitute the copying machine 2. The picture element data signal supplied from the sensor 5 and in response to the brightness of an original 1 illuminated by the part 9 of the part 10 is supplied to the part 11 via the part 6. Furthermore the signal of each scanning line is digitized at an A/D converting part 7 of the part 11 and stored in a storage register 8 with each end of scanning. Then the digital signal is read out at the part 12, and the original 1 is copied in a desired number of sheets. This reduces the power consumption and realizes the use of the copying machine 2 with a battery.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a pocket-type portable copying machine that is battery operated.

Conventional copying machines are roughly divided into those using special paper such as special thermal paper and discharge-damaged TII paper, and those using plain paper. Because it consisted of an image pickup section, a storage section, a developing section, a printing section, and a printing section, it required powerful light source scanning, an electrostatic drum,
Toner, developer 2 Paper feeding mechanism 9 Powerful heater, etc.: Because it requires large power consumption, large I mechanism, and liquid/solid consumables, I decided to use the #JI band type in terms of volume, Ii amount, and power. This was impossible, and for portable use it had to be made using special paper, which required a storage space the size of an attache case, did not run on batteries, and required a commercial power supply. was.

The principle of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
1 is a document placed on a flat surface, 2 is a copying machine, and 3 is a one-dimensional imaging section. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. Figure 3 is a view of the copying machine 2 from the back side that is in close contact with the original. 2 is the copying machine and 3 is the one-dimensional imaging unit. The arrows in Figure 1 are added for explanation and indicate the structure. is unrelated.

The principle of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1, in which a one-dimensional imaging unit 3, which is a part of a copying machine 2, is brought into close contact with a document, grasped with the copying machine's two-handed hand, and moved from one end of the short side to the other end, that is, from one end of the short side to the other end. By moving in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1, the original 1 is scanned, and the one-dimensional imaging unit stores the two-dimensional drawing on the original wAI in the storage unit as time passes. The structure of the copying machine according to the present invention consists of an imaging section, a storage section, and a printing section. Figure 4: ζ A block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention is shown and its operation will be explained. 4 is lens 8. 5 is image sensor, 6 is li
! 7 is an A/D converter, 8 is a storage register, 9 is a balanced amplifier section;
1 is an illumination section, 1o is an imaging section, 11 is a storage section, ] 2 is a printing section, and 15 is a graphic printer. Manuscript 1 in Figure 4
The dotted line AB is i! on the one-dimensional line at an arbitrary time when the copying machine 2 is scanning in FIG. ii element is shown.

In FIG. 4, a document 1 is illuminated by a bright area 9 collected by a lens 4 of a one-dimensional imaging unit 3 in an imaging unit 10.
The pixels of the scanning line 1 corresponding to the upper line segment AB are focused on the image sensor 5. The image sensor 5 here is a one-dimensional imaging unit of a charging element made using quasi-conductor S11 circuit technology, and by connecting a one-dimensional real image on a line, a signal corresponding to brightness is output. say. 1 in unimplemented cases
Since the data consists of 0.024 bits, the pixels on line segment AB are decomposed into pixel data of 1024 pits. This is (3) of manuscript 1. If the size is 85 edition, the short side will be pixel data of about 200 microns. In this way, a pixel data signal corresponding to the density of pixels on the line segment AB of the original 1 appears as an output of the image sensor 5. Each of these pixel signals is amplified over time by a buffer amplifier 6 and a signal corresponding to the density is sent to a storage unit 11. In the storage unit 11, an A/D conversion unit 7
After D-converting the data into groups of 1024 single-digit bits, they are stored in the memory register 8 for each sheet of the original.

Next, in the printing section 12, the data stored in the storage section 11 is read out, the graphic printer 15 is activated, and copies of several sheets of the stored manuscript are printed one after another.

5 and 6 illustrate the structure of an embodiment of the present invention. The numbers assigned to FIGS. 5 and 6 correspond to the numbers assigned to the principle diagram of FIG. 3, and the numbers assigned to FIGS. The numbers match the block diagram numbers, 2 is the copying machine, 3 is the one-dimensional imaging unit, 10 and 1
1 is an imaging section and a storage section, 12 is a printing section, ll1r is plain paper, and 17 is an engaging section, which shows the operation of the copying machine according to the present invention during printing.

(4) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 and is designated by the same number.

The printing part 12 may have a structure that can be separated by sliding the engaging part 17, or a part of the engaging part 17 may be made of conductive metal and an insulating layer to connect the II source and the signal connector. The structure may include additional functions that can be omitted.

Next, some application examples of the present invention will be explained. As shown in Fig. 1, the principle of the present invention is to place the copying machine 2 in close contact with the original 1 and manually feed it. Since there are many drawbacks such as the drawing being distorted and the scale being different depending on the part, a solution to eliminate these drawbacks will be explained below as an applied example with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

Figure 7 shows an application example of the present invention, and Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the same. Figures 7 and 8 are labeled with the same numbers; 1 is the document, 2 is the subject, and 3 is the subject. is a one-dimensional imaging unit, 2] is a guide rail, and 22 is a scale plate. Now, in order to prevent the above-mentioned drawbacks, the subject 2 must be kept perpendicular while sliding on the guide rail 21, and the gage (5) If a scale plate 22 carved at equal intervals is placed on a part of the idle rail 21, that is, if a manual scanning method is used to omit a mechanism for the purpose of reducing size and weight, uniform speed scanning is not possible, so manual gear shifting is not possible. The uniformly spaced scale is used as a reference signal for recognizing relative uniform motion.The way it is used is that the -dimensional imaging unit reads the manuscript and the equally spaced scale at the same time, and each time a scale is read, the By calculating the integrated motion speed, the pulse train is transmitted to the memory section while correcting the variable speed motion as if it were a uniform motion.Here, the scale of 0.2 millimeters is shown as an example from the previous implementation. This is because when explaining the operation of the example, the data of one pixel of the 85th edition original appears every 200 microns.In other words, if the scale is made every 1 mm, there are 4 scanning lines between the -scale marks. It is necessary to read the average speed of the scanning speed of the manual speed change movement for each scale, and then recalculate the result and output a scan clock pulse each time when it is estimated that the 2002 chron movement has finished. Pixel data is not inputted into the piping register in an orderly manner, but +
61 If the scale is set at every 200 mikuvj7 from the beginning, the calculation can be omitted if the time when the scale itself is read is recognized as a scan clock pulse. If the distance is 1 mm, the calculations will be troublesome, but the advantage is that commercially available rulers can be used as is, and the accuracy will increase as the distance is shortened, but if the distance is shortened too much, printing technology will become a problem. 0.2 mm is shown as an example.

Further, if the guide rails 21 are made as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the guide becomes reliable, but the guide rails 21 become large and bulky. This can be solved by adding a transparent plate as another application example. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of it, in which 2 is a copying machine, 3 is a one-dimensional imaging unit, and 18
is a transparent plate. By shortening the transparent plate 18 by several centimeters from the total length of the copying machine 2 and attaching it to the one-dimensional imaging unit 3 side, it can be used as shown in FIG. 10.
In FIG. 0, 1 is a document, 22 is a scale plate, and the other parts are the same as in FIG. In this way, the guide rail 21 shown in Fig. 7 becomes unnecessary, and by holding one end of the long side of the scale plate 22 shown in Fig. 1O with the fingers of one hand, copying can be done with the other hand (7). It becomes possible to grab Machine 2 and perform right angle movement.

As another example of application, since the lens 4 constituting the one-dimensional imaging section 3 in FIG. 4 is for shortening the -dimensional length, a Fresnel lens, a condensing optical fiber, a prism, or the like may be used.

Here, an L-Nell lens is a transparent flat plate with a notch that has a structure as shown in Figure 11, and has the characteristic that it can be constructed into an extremely thin lens.If it is made from a transparent plastic plate, it can be compared to a glass lens. This makes it possible to construct a light and thin lens. In addition, a condensing optical fiber is a bundle of thin transparent fibers used for light transmission. is shrinking.

Furthermore, as another application of the present invention, an example will be described in which the scanning method is performed while the copying machine is fixed. .

Fig. 12 is a view seen from directly above, and Fig. 13 is a view seen from directly side, and the same numbers are given. 1 is the original, 2 is the copy machine, 3
19 is a Fresnel lens (8), and 20 is a feed roller. To make the explanation easier to understand t: The force (not shown in the figure) to make the explanation easier. Explanation J: The method shown in Figure 2 shows the position of the eye (this method eliminates the need for a bulky guide wheel and includes a scale plate).l/Sliding the lens 19 t!l Scanning is now complete. Also, in the direction of omitting the mechanism [on the contrary, the feed roller 20
If you add a motor to it, the volume will increase a little, but it will become a simple and inexpensive linear slide mechanism that performs uniform motion.
Speed calculation correction can be omitted. In other words, in FIG. 13, ILl? in manuscript 1? If you fix the copying machine 2 on one side by the thickness of the Fresnel lens 19 and slide the Fresnel ratio 19 between the copying machine 2 and the original 1, the Fresnel lens 19: Since it is a convex lens, End C of lens 19
When the force (−dimensional image loss) reaches directly below the image capturing unit 3, the image of the C part of the document is formed on the one-dimensional imaging unit 3, and when it reaches B7!lτ, the image of B becomes the image of A, In E, the image of E, in D, the image of D, and in C, the image of C is captured in the one-dimensional imaging section 3 [(9). Adding a section will save you the trouble of changing the grip when feeding, but uniform motion is extremely difficult, so a speed calculation correction section will be required, and the lens h (for large plates twice the area of the original) Therefore, if the FF is omitted and the feed roller 1-20 is driven by a motor, automatic scanning can be performed, so the speed calculation correction section can be omitted, and if the Fresnel lens 19 is the same size as the original. Taruru.

Here, Fig. 14 shows the Fresnel lens 1 of Fig. 12.13.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged structural diagram of No. 9. This constitutes a convex lens and provides the above-mentioned imaging effect. As another application example, if the feed roller 20 is driven by a motor,
As shown in Figure 15, if the copying machine itself is constructed so that it can move on its own on the document surface, the Fresnel lens 19 will not be necessary.Also, if a flywheel is used (7), the motor will also be unnecessary.

As explained above, the configuration of the present invention does not require a developing section and a printing section, so it does not consume a large amount of power, reduces battery usage (10), and also does not require a large developing drum. It is small and lightweight and can be used in places without commercial power supply.
Highly mobile. Also, if you think about how portable copy machines are used in the first place, students and salesmen carry them around when they find the letters or drawings they need, and they make copies, and then use those copies when they take them home. Because of this, there is no need to make copies on the spot like with conventional copying machines.In fact, to improve portability, the printing section is placed at home or at the office, and only the imaging section and storage section are carried. If this is done, it will be even smaller, lighter, and consume less power, improving portability and mobility.

By using a graphic printer in the printing section, consumables such as developer and toner are no longer required, and it is possible to use not only special paper but also plain paper. Therefore, it is not impossible to realize a copying machine that is small, lightweight, and highly portable.

Procedural amendment form c) December 16, 1980 Commissioner of the Patent Office Kazuo Wakasugi Hit 1, Indication of the case 1980 Patent application No. 1048
54 No. 3. Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant 5. Subject of the amendment A clear stamp after the patent applicant's name Name of the invention Detailed description of the portable copying machine invention This invention is a battery powered copying machine. Concerning pocket-type portable copying machines that operate, conventional copying machines are roughly divided into those that use special paper such as special thermal paper and electrical discharge destruction paper, and those that use plain paper. The structure consisted of an imaging section, a storage section, a developing section, a printing section, and a printing section.It consisted of a powerful light source scanning, an electrostatic drum, toner, developer, two paper feeding mechanisms, and a powerful heater. Because it requires large power consumption, large mechanisms, and solid-state consumables such as It had to be paper-based, had a capacity the size of an attaché case, did not run on batteries, and required commercial power.

The principle of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. 1 in Figure 1
2 is a copying machine, and 3 is a one-dimensional imaging unit. Figure Is2 is a sectional view of Figure 1, where 1 is a document, 2 is a copying machine, and 3 is a one-dimensional imaging section. FIG. 3 is a view of the copying machine 2 from the back side that is in close contact with the original, where 2 is the copying machine and 3 is a one-dimensional imaging section. The arrows in FIG. 1 are added for explanation and have no relation to the structure.The principle of the present invention is that in FIG. By grasping the copying machine 2 by hand and moving it from one end of the short side to the other, that is, in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2, the two-dimensional drawing on the original 1 is scanned. The one-dimensional imaging section accumulates the recognized electrical signals in the storage section over time.The structure of the copying machine according to the present invention consists of the imaging section → storage section → printing section, and the present invention is different from the conventional one. The present invention is characterized by the fact that it can be constructed without using the developing section and the printing section, which were always attached to the main body of the copying machine.

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention and its operation will be explained. In Fig. 4, 1 is a document, 2 is a copying machine, 3 is a one-dimensional imaging unit, 4 is a lens, 5 is an image sensor, 6 is a buffer amplifier, 7 is an A/D conversion unit, 8 is a storage register, 9 is a lighting section, 10 is an imaging section, 11 is a storage section, 12 is a printing section, 1
5 is a graphic printer. Original l111 in Figure 4
The dotted line portion AB indicates pixels on a one-dimensional line at an arbitrary time when the copying machine 2 is scanning in FIG. Fourth
In the figure, pixels on the scanning line corresponding to the line segment AB on the original 1 illuminated by the illumination unit 9 in the imaging unit 10 are collected by the lens 4 of the one-dimensional imaging unit 3 and converged with the image sensor 51. . The image sensor 5 here is a one-dimensional assembly of photoelectric elements made using semiconductor integrated circuit technology.
By connecting a one-dimensional real image on a line, signals corresponding to brightness and darkness are output. In this example, 1024
Since I used one made up of bits, line segment A
The pixels on B are decomposed into pixel data of 1024 pits. If the size of manuscript 1 is B5, the short side is approximately 20mm.
As a result, a pixel data signal corresponding to the density of pixels on the line segment AB of the original 1 appears as an output of the image sensor 5. Each of these pixel signals is amplified in accordance with the change in time in the buffer amplifier 6 and a signal corresponding to the density is sent to the storage unit 11. In the storage unit 11, the A/D conversion unit 7 converts the Converted 1
After forming 024 digital bit groups, they are stored in the storage register 8 for each original after scanning the original.

Next, in the printing section 12, the data stored in the storage section 11 is read out, the graphic printer 15 is activated, and copies of several sheets of the stored manuscript are printed one after another.

5 and 6 illustrate the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

The numbers assigned to FIGS. 5 and 6 match the numbers assigned to the principle diagram in FIG. 3, as well as the numbers assigned to the block diagram in FIG. 4, where 2 is the copying machine and 3 is the one-dimensional imaging part, lO and 1
1 is an imaging section and a storage section, 12 is a printing section, 16 is plain paper, 1
Reference numeral 7 denotes a meshing portion, which shows the operation of the copying machine according to the present invention during printing.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 and is designated by the same number.

Printing department! 2 is good because the meshing part 17 has a structure that can be separated by sliding, and furthermore, a part of the meshing part 17 is made of conductive metal and an insulating layer, so that the power supply and signal connectors are omitted. It is also possible to have a structure in which additional functions can be added.

Next, some application examples of the present invention will be explained. As shown in Fig. 1, the principle of the present invention is to place the copying machine 2 in close contact with the original 1 and feed it by hand. Since there were drawbacks that the drawings were distorted and the scale differed from part to part, a solution for eliminating these drawbacks will be described below as an applied example with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

Here, FIG. 7 shows an application example of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view thereof. The same numbers are used in both FIGS. 7 and 8, and 1 is a document, 2 is a copying machine, 3 is a one-dimensional imaging section, 21 is a guide rail, and 22 is a scale plate. Now, in order to prevent the above-mentioned drawbacks, the copying machine 2 is kept at a right angle while sliding on the guide rail 21, and a scale plate 22 carved at equal intervals is placed on a part of the guide rail 21. 9. If a manual scanning method is used to omit the mechanism for the purpose of compactness and weight reduction, constant speed scanning cannot be achieved, so a reference signal for PI discussion of manual gear shifting interlocking with relative constant velocity reaching is required. Therefore, an equally spaced scale is used. To explain how to use it, the -dimensional imaging unit reads the original and the equally spaced scale at the same time as seconds and seconds, and calculates the integrated interlocking speed each time one scale is read, thereby correcting the variable speed movement as if it were a constant speed movement. While doing so, the pixel pulse train of the scanning line is transmitted to the storage section.

Here, the scale is 0.2 mm as an example because the data of one pixel of the 1JBs version original in the operation explanation of the example is 200 mm.
This is because they appear every micron. In other words, if the scale is set every 1 mm, it is necessary to read 4 scanning lines between the - scales, so the result of calculating the average speed of the scanning speed of hand e# speed for each scale is Recalculate, 2
If the scan click pulse is not output each time when the 00E clock movement is estimated to have finished, the pixel data will not be stored in an orderly manner and input to the register, but the 290
If the scale is set every micron, the time when the scale itself is read is used as the scan clock pulse L1+lfi
This is because calculations can be omitted. Setting it to 1 mm requires a lot of calculations (somewhat difficult), but it has the advantage of being able to use a commercially available ruler as is, and it also shortens the distance (
The distance and accuracy will increase, but if the spacing is reduced too much, printing technology will become a problem, so we will use 0.2 mm as an example. This makes the guide reliable, but the guide rail 21 is large and bulky, so as another application example, if a transparent plate is added to the copying machine as an integral structure, the guide rail 21 can be omitted. FIG. 9 is a sectional view of part 1. 2 is a copying machine, 31 is a one-dimensional imaging section, and 18 is a transparent plate. The transparent plate 18 can be used as shown in FIG. 10 by shortening the entire length of the copying machine 2 by several centimeters and attaching it to the one-dimensional imaging section 3 as shown in FIG. In Fig. 10), 1 (original), 22 is a scale plate, and the others are the same as in Fig. 9. In this way, 22 and 18 can be used as guide rails that move in parallel. The guide rail 21 in Fig. 8 is no longer necessary, and the operator can move the scale plate 0 in Fig. 10.
If you hold one end of the long side of 22 with the fingers of one hand, you will be able to grasp the copier 2 with the other hand and make a right-angled movement (
It becomes possible.

As another application example, the lens 4 constituting the one-dimensional imaging section 3 in Fig. 4 is intended to shorten the -dimensional length, so it may be necessary to use a Fresnel lens. Can also be done.

Here, the 7 Lenel lens is characterized by being able to construct a very thin lens using a transparent flat plate with notches that has the structure shown in Figure 11 (ζ), and if it is made from a transparent plus deck plate, it can be made into a glass lens. The lens can be constructed to be lighter and thinner than the conventional optical fiber.A condensing optical fiber is a bundle of thin transparent fibers used for light transmission, and in this case, the diameter of the input and output ends is It is sufficient to reduce the one-dimensional length of the scanning line of the document by making the values different.

Furthermore, as another application of the present invention, an example will be described in which the scanning method is performed with the copying machine fixed and the copying machine kept in place.

Fig. 12 is a view seen from above, and Fig. 13 is a view seen from the true position, and the same numbers are given. 1 is a document, 2 is a copying machine, 3 is a one-dimensional imaging section, 19 is a 7-lens lens 20 is a feeder. Although the support stand is not shown in the figure for the sake of clarity, the copying machine 2 is fixed above the document 1 by the thickness of the Fresnel lens 19.

Alphabets indicate positions for explanation. If you use the method of Party B.

A bulky guide rail is no longer necessary, and scanning can be completed simply by sliding the Fresnel lens body 19 with a scale plate.

Also, contrary to the direction in which the mechanism is omitted, the feed roller 2
If you add a motor to 0, the volume will increase a little, but it will be simple and inexpensive to deliver at a constant speed! It is possible to omit the lens slide mechanism 1 that performs I and the speed calculation correction. In FIG. 13, when the copying machine 2 is fixed with a support stand above the center of the original 1 by the thickness of the Fresnel lens 19, and the Fresnel lens 19 is slid between the copying machine 2 and the original 1, the Fresnel lens 19 Since it is a convex lens, when the end E of the 7-lens lens 19 reaches directly below the one-dimensional imaging section 3, the image of the portion E of the document is formed on the one-dimensional imaging section 3, and when the end E of the document reaches the one-dimensional imaging section 3, the image of D is , an image of C is formed on the one-dimensional imaging unit 3 at C, an image of B at B, and an image of A at A. At this time, to manually feed the lens, adding an F F' part to the lens will save you the trouble of changing the grip when feeding, but since it is extremely difficult to reach at a constant speed, a speed calculation correction section is required. It also has the disadvantage that the lens becomes a large plate that is twice the area of the original. Therefore, FF' is omitted and the feed roller 20 is replaced by the motor WIAl! If II is used, automatic scanning can be performed, so the speed calculation correction section can be omitted, and the Fresnel lens 19 can be used in the same size as the original.

Here, Fig. 14 shows the 7-Renel lens 1 of Fig. 12.13.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged structural diagram of No. 9. This constitutes a convex lens and provides the above-mentioned imaging effect.

In addition, as another application example, if the feed U-ler 20 is driven by a motor to increase the volume, the Fresnel lens 19 can be constructed so that the copying machine itself moves on the original surface as shown in FIG.
will no longer be necessary.

Also, as an example of its application, if a flywheel is used, a motor is not required.

As explained above, the structure of the present invention does not require a developing section and a printing section, so it does not consume a large amount of power, and it is possible to use batteries. Furthermore, it does not require a large developing drum, so it can be made smaller and lighter. It can be used even in places without commercial power and is highly mobile. Also, when considering how to use portable copy machines in the first place, students and salesmen carry them around when they find necessary text or drawings and make copies9, and then use the copies after taking them home. Therefore, unlike conventional copiers, there is no need to make copies on the spot.In fact, in order to improve portability, the printer has a printing section at home or at the office, and only the imaging section and storage section are carried. By using a graphic printer in the printing section, consumables such as developer and toner are no longer required, and only special paper can be used. Instead, it can be made using plain paper. According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a copying machine that is small and lightweight enough to fit in a pocket, and is highly portable.

What is claimed is: A portable copying machine that uses a one-dimensional image sensor, has an imaging section and a printing section, but does not have a developing section or a printing section, and operates on batteries.

A brief description of the drawing.

FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining the present invention in detail. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a view of the copying machine 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2, viewed from the back side. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a bird's eye diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is the 5th
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the illustrated embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating application example (2) of the present invention. Figure 8 is the 7th
Cross-sectional view of the figure. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating application example (2) of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the use of application example (2). FIG. 11 is a diagram explaining a Fresnel lens. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating application example (2) of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a sectional view of an application example seal of the present invention. FIG. 14 is an enlarged structural diagram of the Ro71/Nell lens in FIG. 13. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating application example (2).

Patent applicant: Technical Design Lab Co., Ltd. 325

Claims (1)

[Claims] A battery-operated portable copying machine that uses a one-dimensional image sensor and has an imaging section and a printing section, but no developing section or printing section.