JPS58201608A - Manufacture of product by hydraulic substance - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a product using a hydraulic material, and the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a product using a hydraulic material, and is applicable when using hydrated sand to prepare a composition such as a ready-mixed mortar or ready-mixed concrete using a hydraulic material powder. discovered that even if the cement paste used was mixed and designed to have the same water-cement ratio, there was a large variation in quality, and based on this discovery, the surface of the fine aggregate used was By adjusting the grain to a substantially constant state using a hydraulic substance, the grain can be adjusted to a unique state without separation, breath song, or aggregate sedimentation, thereby producing products of stable quality with little variation in strength, etc. Even in cases where the mixture is not rich, as a whole, in a mixture with a small water-cement ratio, water utilization reactions occur in a state in which the grain sands mentioned above are in continuous contact with each other, and the parts with a large water-cement ratio are restrained by this, resulting in strength development. The purpose of this project is to establish a new technological system that can produce high-precision cement products at low cost and with a high degree of profit.

The manufacture and use of products made from hydraulic substances such as cement and gypsum have been used as important basic materials in various civil engineering and construction industries since ancient times.
It has been widely used in construction and other fields, and various methods are used to manufacture such products, such as on-site factory production and spraying. In addition, various proposals have been made regarding improvement techniques regarding blending methods, mixing methods, various auxiliary agents such as dispersants, and various cements when preparing ready-mixed concrete or ready-mixed mortar, and they have been repeatedly implemented and various studies have been carried out. This is where I came from. However, despite many such studies and examinations, there are still many points that are unclear regarding the actual state of the above-mentioned raw mixtures made from cement, etc., or preparations similar thereto, and it is not always possible to obtain stable results. In particular, phenomena such as separation, breathing song, and sedimentation after pouring are considered to be the impurities of mortar and concrete, and when obtaining specimens, they are determined from the remaining parts after removing the areas where precipitation and sedimentation have occurred. The actual situation is that we are measuring its strength, etc. 'il
L In such conventional technology, a paste of a compound obtained by blending each prefecture such as water, cement powder, fine aggregate such as sand or coarse aggregate, and each wood dispersant used in the compound is used. This book is based on the idea that the concentration is constant, and that, for example, materials that use the same aggregate and are mixed with the same water-cement ratio will naturally exhibit the same strength. Therefore, in such a case, the above-mentioned result will be obtained. Although some high-performance water reducing agents have the idea of dispersing cement nodules using the zeta potential, it is clear that this does not address the actual situation and fluctuations in paste concentration when using water-containing sand as described above. .

The present invention is fundamentally different from such technical thinking, and
When using hydrated sand that has been hydrated in an appropriate state to obtain the composition described above, no matter what condition the sand is in, if cement powder comes into contact with the hydrated sand, the surface wood of the sand at that time will change. Depending on the ratio of water and cement, a cement adsorption phenomenon physically occurs on the sand surface, and layers with different water-cement ratios are formed on the sand surface. (hereinafter referred to as C/S), and is constructed based on the fundamental idea that the cement 4-stroke of the entire composition is not constant.

In other words, since the specific surface area of fine aggregate such as sand that is actually used in making the above-mentioned ready-mixed concrete or ready-mixed mortar is large, the amount of surface water that can withstand it is It greatly affects the unit water content in the obtained green kneaded material or a similar raw material in the following state, and the surface hydrogen that falls on such fine aggregate such as sand varies over a wide range, for example. Even if river sand is brought from the same production area and deposited in the same yard, the amount of surface water in the surface layer and the inner layer are significantly different. It changes from moment to moment depending on the conditions (sunny or rainy). However, regarding the kneaded material in which the surface water content of this sand can be specifically obtained, the quality of the mixed material obtained must vary considerably since the W/C has a large influence on the C/8 as well as the hardness. Therefore, during specific operations, careful management is carried out, such as precisely measuring the amount of water on the surface of the sand used each time, and correcting the amount of mixed water to be added to the mixed material based on this measurement value. However, the kneaded material managed in this way (mortar,
concrete), its fluidity, formability,
There is considerable variation in the measured lees in terms of the yield of the obtained products. As already mentioned, such large variations are considered to be the fate of this 1'l product, or due to unavoidable particle size errors caused by natural aggregates.
Abnormal values are excluded from the test results because they are assumed to be due to measurement errors and are also considered to be a factor such as capping.
It is obvious that it is extremely difficult to accurately obtain a high-quality product that has to fall within the lower limit of the variation range.

Furthermore, it is known that the fluidity of the above-mentioned finely kneaded material is generally elucidated using a rotational viscometer, but the results obtained by such a method are mainly related to fluid factors, and are simply In the case of the above-mentioned raw warm kneaded material, which is fluid and does not have any stagnation and contains granular materials such as fine aggregate, it has unique phenomena such as the KFiΣ effect and the ξ-nation phenomenon, and it is not possible to elucidate the actual situation. Although some attempts have been made to clarify this by using terminology such as, the meaning contained in this word is extremely broad, and in some cases it may even include various conditions at the construction site or the experiential factors of the workers. However, the constant gi- still remains ambiguous and cannot be clarified in a practical manner, so it is necessary to take a large safety factor. Even if cooling the dispersant can reduce the amount of water mixed to a certain extent and obtain high efficiency, the technical difficulties mentioned above remain essentially unsolved, and the merits of such a method are unknown. Even if it is approved, it does not solve the fundamental technical problem.

In view of these circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have developed a method for obtaining accurate results in a short time with respect to aggregates such as sand as described above, without consuming thermal energy. Japanese Patent Application No. 51-147180 (JP 53-71859 2 hereinafter referred to as the first prior application) utilizing -No. 157452 (
We have developed a technology as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53132389 (hereinafter referred to as the second prior application). In other words, the former can obtain sand, etc. in a surface dry state or with a required surface moisture content within a short period of time by removing adhesion-resistant air from a fairly large amount of aggregate through vacuum treatment, and is regulated by JIS A1109 and others. It is possible to perform measurements with less variation without using the nine-inane data method, which requires immersion in water for 24 hours, and is extremely meaningful industrially. The latter also discovered many new facts about the previously mentioned physiological pastes, which belong to the Bingham family of fluids that exhibit unique flow characteristics.
Relative initial shear stress yield value [F11 relative occlusion factor [ΔF・
], the relative flow viscosity coefficient [λ], and provide a preferable measurement mechanism thereof, and furthermore, provide an experimental formula for estimating the injection pressure for the above-mentioned physiological mixes such as broken packed concrete. It is a highly significant technique as it elucidates the characteristics of flow in accordance with practical conditions.

Based on these prior technologies, this research has carried out extensive practical examination, research, and speculation, and as a result, we have discovered new facts about the above-mentioned physiological pastes, improved the strength of the products mentioned above, and We have succeeded in accurately obtaining products of stable quality with little variation and deviation, and in addition, we have succeeded in obtaining high-precision molded objects at low cost.

That is, first of all, in the process of conducting detailed studies on various formulations of the above-mentioned sanitary pastes, the present inventors found that the surface of the sand grains had a peculiarity that made it difficult to remove the cement content even by washing immediately after the cross-contact. As will be described later, we discovered that a large number of selected grains were produced. Although the formation state and amount of this grain selection layer vary depending on the surface water content of the sand used, it is stable as described above, and the layer formation in the stable state is Within this range, the W/C value is approximately constant in terms of water transport. Therefore, even if the mixture as a whole is kneaded in the same manner as tifil, the l1llpiF' of the cement paste existing in the grain particles is It was discovered and recognized that the formation state and amount of the shell-forming layer must differ from rainbow to rainbow.

To explain this further, it is assumed that the stable grain layer on the sand grain surface described above is a natural phenomenon and will necessarily be formed as long as there is surface water, but in general, excessive cement When mixed under powder blending conditions, the surface is more unstable and is covered with releasable cement powder, the fine aggregate itself is fine, and its surface is more than the limit that a water wheel can form. This has never been confirmed in the past, despite numerous practical operations, due to the fact that it sometimes does not reach a stable state. In addition, in the process of mixing this kind of kneaded product, the present invention shows that if cement is added to the water-containing sand in small quantities one after another and the mixing is repeated, the mixing torque will show a peak point, and furthermore, this mixing torque It was discovered that although the peak point varies depending on the amount of water in the water-containing sand used, there is a clear relationship between the expression of the peak point. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the multi-machine grain sorting for the cement that is difficult to separate from the sand grains as described above forms the highest amount when the water adhering to the surface of the sand used is within a specific curve, It has been confirmed that the mortar formed by grain selection with such a stable cement content can stably and improve the quality of the product obtained thereby.

The present invention is based on these new discoveries and confirmations by the inventors, and utilizes them and combines them as appropriate to form a mold, the contents of which will be explained in sequence below. It is clear from the above that the present invention is concerned with the water content of fine aggregate such as sand, and the water content of this fine aggregate is as follows: It is something to understand. In other words, the water content is generally taken into consideration with regard to sand, etc., but this water content includes water that has entered the particle structure (or organization) of the fine aggregate, and water that simply adheres to the surface. Strictly speaking, the former should be called water absorption rate, while the latter should be considered surface water or water adhering to the surface. However, in the case of the present invention, it is clear from the above that emphasis is placed on the behavior when fine aggregate and powder of a hydraulic substance such as cement are mixed. Since this is not a book that will be taken up, moisture that has entered into the particle structure or tissue as described above is not subject to this article. iiL We are mainly concerned with the latter type of water adhering to the surface, and from the above relationship, this water adhering to the surface is a companion to the new water containing water turbine, since the water absorption rate is subtracted from the water absorption rate of the newly developed water turbine. It will always be low. However, it is extremely difficult in practice to classify contained water turbines into water absorption rate and adhesion rate because the target material is fine aggregate.
In accordance with ISA1109, it is specified that the limits of the presence or absence of water adhering to the surface of sand should be measured using a truncated cone-shaped measuring means. Awi's truncated cone-shaped measuring box with light-filled sand removed its side fittings llA
It is determined whether the water disintegrates or not, and water with a moisture content above this limit (meaning it does not disintegrate) is defined as clear water.
It is a book that follows the 91st edition. However, there are cases in which the amount of water absorbed by sand grains cannot be considered due to their structure or texture, and in such cases, it is natural that the water content and the adhesion rate are the same. In addition, even if the water splash resistance is removed, since the object is a deposit of fine aggregate made of sand, it naturally contains water that is coexisted between the particles and fills the gaps between the particles. It's a book.

First, to explain one of the new discoveries made by the present inventors, the present invention was made by preparing sand with various water resistances, and then gradually adding and mixing cement powder to the sand. We investigated many samples and found that in all cases, the mixing torque increases as the amount of cement increases, but there is a peak point at which the mixing torque increases by 7 units, and then the mixing torque increases by 1 unit. In this case, the mixing torque peak point was used and it was discovered that it shows a well-ordered relationship with the surface water content of the sand. The specific results when used are as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1.0 part surface water wheel (hereinafter referred to as SW) is 5.26cm,
The mixing torque when cement powder was sequentially added and mixed to medium-sized sand 15 and 9 with different sizes of 8 and 10, respectively, was determined as the torque (ampere) of the motor that drives the oxer. This is an overview of the table, and the next figure is Figure 1.

The peak point of the mixing torque on the first cover is when the SW is 5.26, the amount of added cement is around 4 or more, the amount of added cement is around 8 or more for SWS, and the amount of cement added is 9 or 10 for 8W10. Therefore, it is clear that the amount of cement at the peak point increases as the SW value increases, and we discovered that this shows an almost regular relationship.
It has been confirmed that the mixing torque peak point is shown when the W/C, which is generally determined between swm and the amount of added cement, is around 10.

However, considering these results, if cement is added to hydrated sand, what is the amount of cement added? !
This shows an increase in the mixing torque because it is sequentially adsorbed by the two-sided water, but in this way, the amount of cement adsorbed to the sand grains changes in proportion to its SW value; After reaching this point, the added cement powder is simply mixed into the sand grains (cement powder absorption M) in a free or releasable state, and this free cement powder actually has a bearing effect. The results are estimated to be 4 and the results are shown above. In addition, the W/C in the adsorption limit state by this SW or in the state just before the bearing effect of free cement powder is exerted.
It is recognized that it is around lO regret.

In addition, the present inventor has made such a discovery, apart from N recognition.
As a kneaded material with a high W/C value, relative initial shear stress yield value F・, relative occlusion coefficient ΔF・, relative occlusion coefficient ΔF・, relative The flow viscosity coefficient λ was measured, and the results were examined in relation to the initial surface water content of the aggregate (sand) required by the above-mentioned first prior art. The test device used for the measurement is shown in the second prior application, but the device specifically adopted by the inventors in this study is as shown in Figure tiM2. ,
An injection part 1 is vertically formed on the - side, and a lower overflow part 2 is also vertically formed on the other side, and a marble with a diameter of 25- is placed in the middle of the connecting part 3 between them. A filling layer 4 is formed over a range of length L, and the injection part 1
The head difference under gravitational conditions is determined when the mortar injected and flowed down overflows from the overflowing part 2 and is stationary, and the FI value based on the following formula (■) is calculated as the relative initial shear stress yield value. And so.

F@=ρh/L...I (ρ is the specific gravity of the raw dough) Also, regarding the relative occlusion coefficient ΔF, after measuring the above F value using the same apparatus shown in Fig. 1, The initial shear stress yield value F·' was similarly measured by pouring and flowing the warmed material (mortar), and the value was calculated from the difference between F· and F·' using the following formula.

(t・ is the # surface difference between the creeping surface of the injection part 1 and the overflow part 2 when the raw mixture is injected with the overflow part 2 in Fig. 2 covered at jl) Furthermore, the relative flow viscosity coefficient λ is the It was determined from the relationship between pressure and velocity when the gap was made to flow due to the difference in gravity.

λ=P Tsuru/Uf...Rin 2
tl, Pa is the velocity pressure (#/j), and Uf is the 9-degree velocity.

The sand (aggregate) used was washed sand produced in Morikoshi, Matsumae District, Hokkaido, and the product 7jIl was as follows.

Size of sand: 2.5 m Unit volume * jl: 1.689 Kf/m" Absolute dry specific gravity: 261 Water absorption rate: 1.354 Actual area ratio: 64.7 tatami Coarse particle ratio: 231 Fl as a dispersant IJ genin sulfone compact calcium based, highly condensed triazine thread, polyalyl based lylylsulfonic acid based and mixtures thereof were investigated; This was said to be the most desirable gift for the company, so we adopted it.The Fi secondary crosstalk method is recommended as the crosstalk method, and this method is based on the water use reaction between powdered hydraulic substances such as cement and water. As shown in Figure 3, the discussion can be divided into four stages.
30 minutes to 2 minutes) during the second Fi rest period.
The paste is in a resting state for a period of time, during which time hydrates increase and the fluidity of the paste is gradually lost.The third stage is an acceleration stage in which the water rate increases again and a network structure forms between the cement particles. The period of formation, initiation and termination of condensation occurs at this stage. -However, the fourth stage is the deceleration phase, in which the gaps in the network structure described above are filled with light and the strength increases, and this process is caused by the presence of water and unhydrated cement. As shown in the figure, the water supply rate will continue for a limited time, but the rate of water use will gradually decrease. However, in the first rapid reaction period, ettringite is generated, INF+ lubrication and crystal growth occur, and cement particles aggregate to form a floc on the resting side of the bulge 2, but at this stage, secondary Kneading can break up the flocs and have a favorable effect on the mixed material, and it is appropriate to add a dispersant at this time, and its advantage can also be determined by measuring the amount of dispersant, absorption amount, and zeta potential. gender is confirmed. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the secondary kneading is performed during the period determined to be the rest side as described above, and that the addition of a dispersant and the like is also performed during this secondary mixing.

However, apart from the sand shown in Figure 1 mentioned above, the results of examining the mixing energy of various hydraulic properties are the same as shown in the fourth factor, and it is said that a motor-driven pump with a water content of 44. Portland cement (Nut
) When adding 4 to 15 and making it into a paste by urinating with KM, as described above, regarding the one with the polyalkylaryl sulfonate dispersant added in 11 and the brain paste without it. #Oxa-1
When the rotational torque in the first cycle was measured with an amperemeter in the same manner as in Figure 1, the W/C was 20 to 24 degrees, regardless of the addition of the dispersant, and the maximum mixing energy value was especially found at 21 to 2348 degrees. Also, the mixing energy is approximately constant and stable at around W/C294 and shows a good value. The same thing can be said about early-strengthening cement, even if the peak point is slightly shifted and around W/C: 214, it is within the range of 20-24, especially in the 21-234 range, and ultra-early-strengthening cement ( In the case of super paste cement)
The torque is much more rapid than in the case of each cement mentioned above, and even if it shows a high torque value, it is 22.5 ~
234 is the peak point and the behavior is the same), alumina cement shows exactly the same change even if the peak point is 23 or higher, and gypsum shows even more rapid and high torque arrogance. In this relationship, both W/CK and Suiseki exhibit peak values within the same range, and the change in torque value when kneading while increasing the amount of water in a paste state is essentially the same. Make sure that MLL is shown in Figure 4 with the following results and I! Regarding the results shown in Figure 1 above, the results in Figure 1/L1 are caused by water landing on the sand grains and are therefore formed on the surface of the sand grains. In this case, although the numerical values are different, it is recognized that the peak points are the same, and the peak points shown in Fig. W/C by itself
is understood to mean the highest state of cohesion in relation to □.

Considering the changes in the mixing torque, we can see that the state when water is added to these various hydraulic 3Ii powders, and L changes from the state of only powder without any water to the state of powder. From the slurry state where water is completely filled between the particles, the presence state of air between the powder particles (continuous, discontinuous and absent), and the continuous and discontinuous presence of free water and agricultural water, Pen 7 ``There are four states: Slur (P@ndt+1ar), Finicular (Ft+is1ewlar), F1+Fl, and Capillary (CapH1ary),
There are six possible states including the particle-only state and the slurry state, but it is clear that the capillary state, in which free water is discontinuous and agricultural water is continuous, requires the greatest mixing energy. 20-2 mentioned above
It is assumed that this state is formed at the peak position of the mixing torque at 40°, and it is assumed that the state changes to a slurry region around 29°, when the mixing energy becomes constant and stabilized by the subsequent addition of water.

On the other hand, when cement is added and mixed with the aggregate (river sand) as shown in Fig. 1, the Fe value as described above, 4F,
As the surface water rate changes, that is, as the surface water rate increases from zero to zero, these 11 increase, but after reaching the maximum value, they gradually decrease. However, the surface water percentage that shows the maximum value is determined by the sand-to-cement ratio (Il
Table 2 below shows the relationship between 8/C and S/C), and I learned that if 8/C is constant, those peak points will appear at approximately the same - surface water turbine. .

In Table 3, no change was observed in λ due to surface water content.

Although there may be some differences depending on the type of surface water turbine, it is important to note that in the above-mentioned am property test, F. etc. has the maximum E.
[is considered to be a book similar to the resistance limit value when a plastic fluid flows through a certain flow path, so it is assumed that it is largely controlled by the particle size in the fluid, and this is the It is greatly influenced by the surface water wheel, and the peak point is determined depending on the surface water wheel. This means that when cement and sand are mixed, the surface water of the sand adsorbs cement powder, and the amount of adsorption depends on the initial surface water wheel. It can be specified and inferred. In other words, when cement and sand are mixed, a cement shell (Sh@ll) is formed on the surface of the sand grains, and this increases the apparent grain size of the sand grains, which is caused by wholesale adsorption. The amount of grain selected due to the formed cement increases in proportion to the amount of water on the surface of the sand, and even if the sand is somewhat flexible, it is unlikely to peel off under the flow conditions described above. It has a convergence property of 81 degrees, which is considered to be the cement paste in the capillary region mentioned above.

In order to specifically confirm this, the above B/C was set to 1.0, W/C was set to 35, and 0.91i of dispersant was added to the cement. The surface water content of the sand was varied in a range of 5 to 35 degrees, cement was added to this sand, mixed for 1 minute, and then L sea urchin water, which was the W/C, was added for another 1 minute. After kneading, adding a dispersant and mixing again for 1 minute, some all-photographs of the book are shown in Figure 5, 0 μm.
These Peng@mirror photographs are 80x magnification, and A is 5cm, B is 10cm, C is 15cm, D is 204cm, and E is 80x magnification.
25, Ft1304, and Gij35 surface water percentage. Even in the dry kneading state where the surface water percentage is low, adhesion resistance of cement powder can be obtained, but the amount is small. Moreover, it is unstable and easily peels off, and there is no stable epithelial grain selection. Big grains of sand! ! The unevenness of Rth is filled and the grain size becomes considerably round. However, if the surface water content exceeds about 25%, the grain selection condition will be disturbed and the surface will become uneven. In other words, even if the water pressure is higher than the limit of the surface water turbine, the effect of layering cement powder can be obtained in the same way, but
Even if cement powder is applied in a layer, excess water remains near the surface of the sand grains, making the layered layer unstable and prone to peeling off.As shown in (G), etc. Ai.

Furthermore, even when the surface water content is 5 or 10, a stable outer grain is formed in the part that is in contact with the sand grain surface; An even more unstable layer is formed on the outer surface of the selected grain, and the layer O is easily peeled off, and the peeled off layer is mixed and stirred to prevent the peeled off layer from adhering to the outer surface of the selected grain O. The results are summarized as things that are repeated in the process, and the results are shown in Figure 5 (
Even if the sand grain surface is covered with the outer covering grain as shown in A), it is presumed that the sand grain surface is covered with the outer covering grain. On the other hand, the surface water rate is 15-25'l.
In the case of 11I2v43, the outer grains are highly obtained and have a nearly spherical shape that makes it difficult to distinguish the original shape of the sand grains. Furthermore, it is known from FM that the coated grain once formed into sand grains in this way is extremely stable and hardly flakes off even if it is further kneaded or simply washed with water.
Approved, this situation! ! 1 is shown separately in the photograph of FIG.

That is, cement powder is added to sand grains with a surface water ratio of 164 and mixed in a ratio such that C/S = 1:2, and after forming the above-mentioned fine outer grain to a high degree, water and the cement are mixed. A first mortar prepared with a W/C of 41 was prepared by adding and mixing a dispersant corresponding to 0.9 of the amount, and separately from this, a mortar of Oka brand with a surface water ratio of 2 was prepared. Add water and cement to the water-containing sand at the same time, and mix in one or two times the amount of dispersant to give c7g = 1.
: A second mortar was prepared which was adjusted to the same W/Ct@1 mortar as <41. The slight difference in the IL dispersant l is the result of adjusting the properties of each 0g rutal in a J-funnel fluidic tray cage for around 60 seconds, so that it has a more constant property, and was prepared in this way. Immediately after each mortar was mixed and mixed, it was collected and stored in a fine sieve that does not allow sand grains to pass through, as shown in Figure 6, and this fine sieve was separately prepared. Each mortar is completely immersed in the water of the trench (7), and the armpits are held in the water for about 30 seconds. After the washing operation was completed, the armpit was pulled out of the water and the mortar remained on the sieve, as shown in Figure 6. The one on the left is the first mortar, and the one on the right is the second mortar.While the first mortar according to the conventional method is almost in the form of sand grains, the present invention At mortar shows the appearance of mortar even in the whole state of 1@child.In other words, it was confirmed that the mortar according to the present invention, which obtained a high degree of outer grain selection, is stable to the extent that it does not peel off when washed with water. It has been confirmed that even in cases such as the examples and study examples described later, the coated grain according to the present invention peels off due to cross-wiring and washing, whereas mortar according to the conventional method It was confirmed that the cement content of the wires was at least mixed with the wires, which were easily peeled off later.

In other words, even if water-containing sand is used, cement powder is added to it and mixed, for example, plain (without dispersant) with a W/C of 30.
-1 when simply kneaded to form saliva, or when an alkylaryl sulfonic acid dispersant is added.
In the case of kneading by the conventional method so that the W/C is 26 to 27, the collapse simply becomes a slurry castle, and the powder in the direction of the sand grains requires the above-mentioned adsorption action. In the mortar prepared in this way, the cement powder on the sand grains is easily removed by a simple washing operation. W/C
If the W/C exceeds the above value in plain condition and the W/C is 28 or more even when a dispersant is added, the flaking property due to the washing force of cement powder or components will be more clearly demonstrated. It is impossible to obtain stable grain selection as described above.

Considering the reason why stable grains can be obtained when cement powder comes into contact with the surface water on sand grains as described above, it is found that in the above case, the amount of cement powder is If the amount of water is greater than 9, the amount of water between the stratified powder particles will be at its lowest due to the adsorption phenomenon on the solid surface of sand grains and the capillary phenomenon formed in the adsorbed cement powder barrier. It is estimated that
Also, at this time, the adsorption force between the solid particles of sand grains and cement powder is at its maximum. It is known that such a phenomenon occurs between cement powders with a large specific surface area.
It is estimated that a selected outer grain that does not peel off due to cross-contact is formed, and as this stable selected outer grain is produced in the highest state, a peak state regarding the mixing torque as described above will be clearly exhibited. can do.

Figure 7 shows a theoretical model of the formation relationship of the above-mentioned finely selected grains. On the other hand, when cement powder 12 is added, it is as shown in the same figure, but as the amount of water increases, the figure becomes (
Bl (As shown in C1, the outer shell layer 11 due to the cement content becomes thick in the capillary region and reaches its maximum thickness in a given surface water turbine as described above. However, if the surface water increases further from this state, As explained in (2) of Figure 5, even if cement particles are present in the grain, the outer grain 11 itself does not become cheap.
It is shown in the same figure (
As shown in the figure in DI, when the surface water content is appropriate, the plastic outer selected grains J-11 formed around the sand particles come into contact with each other, and the grains J-11 are transferred to an appropriate tray 14. It is like a trout to reach full maturity and be in good condition.

However, in order to form the state shown in Fig. 7 (q) mentioned above, and to create a contaminant like a trout (4 times), the surface water of the sand 10 should be trapped approximately evenly, and the surface water amount of the sand 10 should be trapped accurately. It is necessary to understand φ (this is necessary because, as mentioned above, the Vt/C of the stable outer shell layer is approximately constant, so the sand 10
If there is too much surface water in the fallen part of the sand, a stable outer shell layer cannot be formed with respect to the sand in that part, and under conditions where the specific amount of surface water is not known. However, it is not always easy to equalize the amount of water on the surface of the sand and to grasp its numerical value, and even if it is possible in a factory with appropriate equipment. , which is almost impossible in a viewing area without this, as shown in Figure 8, the relationship between the formation of the outer wrinkled grain layer in such a case, and the amount of cement that is larger than that corresponding to the amount of surface water on the sand grains. By adding and mixing the powder, it becomes as shown in the same figure, and a second outer shell layer 11 corresponding to the surface water amount of J21J is formed on the surface of the sand grains 10. Unstable grain selection 13 is formed in areas other than the capillary region where moisture is insufficient to reach such stability, and the remaining cement powder 12
remains in a trench of powder between them. However, in this case, if the free cement content 12 in powder form is removed by suitable means, the capillaries described above and the following layers 1
For the selected grains, which are formed by covering 3 and containing 9N13, a technique for removing free cement such as that using wind power is adopted, and 7 W/
C can live almost permanently. In other words, such a selected grain body is as shown in the same figure (B), and even when it is further added with water and cement is added and kneaded to form a mortar, the W/C in the selected grain body is Since the space is occupied at a substantially constant rate, the concentration of the paste to be filled in the space and the W/C value of the entire kneaded material can be easily determined.

The technique shown in Fig. ls8 of the lid shows that the technique of the present invention can be relatively easily adopted even in a field where there is no special measuring equipment. Of course, the outer selected grain 11ti exhibits the same stability as shown in FIG. 7, and the layer 13 coated thereon is W
Since /C is deposited on the shell layer 11 in a constant state, its amount is also constant, so even if some of it falls off due to secondary crosstalk, the selected grain m11 In terms of stability, performance similar to that of the case shown in FIG. 7 described above can be obtained. That is, once the grain selection layer 11 as described above is formed by the initial surface water content of the sand, it is extremely stable, and after that, a considerable amount of water is added and a dispersant is added and kneaded to complete the grain selection. It is presumed that it will not change or peel off.

The present inventors specifically investigated the above-mentioned outer selected grains, and based on numerous results, it was found that the formation of sand grains in relation to the initial surface water content of the sand and the amount of cement added thereto. The m9 diagram organizes and summarizes the grain selection W/C survey and shows a typical relationship, and a very orderly relationship can be obtained between the amount of cement added and the surface water wheel. That is clear.

ff1l The VC value of the selected outer grain is 24 to 26.
To get exactly what you want, ii.
If /S is selected to be about 0.35, the surface water rate will be 154.
In sand, C/8 is about 0.55, which is a power of 1.
It is clear that when the C/8 N is higher than those, the excess cement will cover the grain selection stage and the W/C will gradually decrease. In this case, the surface becomes unstable and easily peels off.

When the grain selection W/C is 264, there is a marked tendency for the grain to flake off.

As mentioned above, the relationship between the nine wards can be expressed by the following equation.

However, the symbols in the above equation are as follows.

C is the amount of cement in the entire mixture, C' is the amount of cement added during grain selection, and this relationship can be expressed as shown below in the case of concrete that also has coarse aggregate.

However, the symbols in the above equation are as follows.

G is the aggregate amount Gw, the surface water hardness of the coarse aggregate, and therefore the water-cement ratio for grain selection, is determined by C: 8 and the water content of the sand used using the above formula, respectively. This process is performed. It goes without saying that the formation of a stable grain selection layer as described above will itself give favorable results to the strength of products molded using the mortar, etc., but as an actual mortar, Selected grains I
It is natural that MJ becomes fk and becomes a friend of cement and water, and the paste consisting of cement and water also plays an important role in developing the strength etc. of the resulting product. In the present invention, the I! of the paste between grain selection grains becomes 0! #111<W/C) is intended to be mixed in the second stage, and for this reason, substantially all of the cement added in the first stage is the stable outer selected grain as described above. If this is not the case, use wind power, etc. to separate the excess cement. In the case of primary cross-contamination due to the addition of a considerable excess of cement powder, the unstable cement component is almost completely removed by this wind-powered separation process.
When it is separated with an air flow rate of about 0.3 Nm per minute while stirring in a dry continuous oxidizer of 0.000 mm, it resists adhesion to sand grains and the W/Ct for the cement content is around 11 g. Since it is possible to accurately grasp the W/C of the primary kneaded material through a separation operation using wind power, etc., the W/C related to the paste portion of the textile that is subsequently mixed in the secondary manner can also be added at that time. It is controlled approximately appropriately depending on the amount of water and cement. However, in factory production, it is possible to accurately adjust the sand surface water wheel used (this method was developed by the inventors). It is most preferable to use a water adjustment method such as fine aggregate that removes the air between sand grains through depressurization treatment and adjusts the surface water content (as proposed separately). Therefore, by adding and mixing an appropriate amount of cement, substantially all of the cement obtained in the primary kneading will be consumed by the stable coated grain, and in such a case, a separation operation regarding the free cement will be required. Of course, it is possible to perform secondary cross-mixing without any separation.If the outer grain selection is done properly, and the secondary kneading improves the adhesion resistance between the shell particles and the selected grain particles (-st), and It is very clear that reasonable strength and other properties can be advantageously improved by obtaining a desired yeast concentration (W/C).

Thus, it is easy to understand that the product according to the present invention is completely different from the prior art in terms of W/C.In the past, cement (C) was simply added as a whole.
In the present invention, the surface water of the sand is used as the VC value for water (b), and the grain selection as described above is carried out by this. W/C for paste between grain grains and sand particles
This is a book that pursues this, and its content is completely different.

In other words, in the prior art, the overall W/C as described above is used as an indicator of strength, and the moisture content of fine aggregate in that case is not accurately grasped. Since there is a double intervening cause of complex W/C, the strength of the product obtained even with the same W/C cannot help but vary widely. It is clear that if an accurate W/C is required for strength development, a product with reasonable bulk strength can be obtained with little variation.

Furthermore, the present inventors have repeatedly conducted detailed studies regarding the occurrence of separation and pleading in the KA-adjusted products as described above. That is, for this purpose, firstly, the VC shown in Table 2 below is used.
0.8.1.0.1.2, W/C and dispersant addition 1 were the same, and various mortars were prepared in which the surface water content of the sand was varied. The occurrence condition was examined according to the specifications stipulated by the Japan Society of Civil Engineers.

The results are shown in FIG. 10, where 8/C is 0.
If SiC is 1.2, the surface water ratio is 5 to 35 degrees, the surface water turbine is 5 to 30 sounds, and if SiC is 1.2, the surface water rate is 10 to 25 degrees. Next, it was confirmed that there were no cases.

Furthermore, the results of examining the minute conditions of the mortar as described above are as shown in FIG.

In order to test the separation state of υ1, the conventional method is to charge mortar into a vinyl container, leave it for an appropriate period of time (for example, around 2 hours), and then test and measure the separation state. However, when this method is used, samples are not necessarily collected accurately, and the results obtained tend to be irrational. Therefore, the present inventors constructed a PVC pipe with a diameter of 51 mm and a height of 20 mm as shown in Fig. 11.
Prepare item 21 of ■, item 22 of ioo■, item 24 of 24, and item 23 of 780 kaku, and assemble them in the order of 21 to 24 from the top as shown in the diagram, and glue the outside of their joints with vinyl chives. After filling the mortar and leaving it for 1 hour, pipe 2 was prepared.
2.28 days later, the volume of the mortar filled in the container was measured, and the dry weight of the remaining sand after washing with water through a 0.15-inch sieve was compared. The compressive strengths in these figures are shown by solid curves in the drawings of Figs. In the case of the surface water ratio of 0 or 5 in the case of Fig. 15, a certain degree of strength is obtained because of the abnormality caused by separation.

As shown in Figure Uchi@10, when K8/C is 0.8, the initial surface water content of the sand is about 10 to 35, and when S/C is 1.0, This is a book in which separation does not substantially occur in the range of 5 to 25 @ when the S/C is 1 or 2, and the 6111 definite results by the present inventors as described above. The ratio of No9 Igu 22 mortar to Toshi Teso's Paigutsu 4 mortar is generally 0.96 or more, and particularly shows a high value of 0.97 or more. In addition, in this case, the mortar obtained in the pie f22.24 as described above was washed with water, and the dry weight of the remaining 9th grade sand was determined using a sieve of 0.15 mm as shown in the upper part of Fig. 12. Comparing and contrasting the results in the upper and lower portions of Figure 12, it can be seen that although there are some disturbances in some areas, the changes in the mortar itself are substantially within the range described above. It is clear that if the dry state of the upper and lower sand is measured in this way, there is no significant difference even if the mortar itself exhibits a similar change behavior. In the case of 9, the volumetric weight of the sand in the lower pi f2 is as shown in the upper part of FIG.
4) is strange, but this is because the relationship between the upper and lower layers is reversed during the process of injecting the mortar, which has been cross-circuit-adjusted in a relatively large container, into the vinyl container. This is believed to be due to the sand particles injected into the upper part of the vinyl pipes not being able to settle to the bottom. However, when we examine the relationship between the occurrence of surface separation greasing and compare it with the above-mentioned grain sorting phenomenon, we find that there is some slippage; It is understood that the range in which no purge occurs and the range in which separation does not occur are developed around the surface water content of , and it is clear that there is a significant correlation. Fill, the specific gravity of the sand particles whose diameter has been increased by the above-mentioned careful grain selection is smaller than the specific gravity of the sand particles themselves, and the adhesion of the cavillary mortar is smaller, so there is less possibility of separation or pleating occurring. Become.

Based on the results shown in Figure 10.12 above, B/C = 0.8, 1.0 and 1 are further set as conditions favorable for practical use.
．． For each case, the areas where separation and collapse of pleating do not occur are determined in relation to the surface water content of the sand.
・This is shown in Figures -k13 to Figure 15 above, and when a/C is 0.8, a peculiar dust phenomenon as shown in Figure L1O occurs when the surface water rate lO ~ 151. From the fact that it is shown in the vicinity, there is a region of partial separation and pleading in the vicinity of IO, but generally within the range of 18 to 37 surface water turbines, and 8/C is 1. When S/C = 1.0, it is within the range of 1ltlO to 25mm, and when S/C = 1.2, it is within the range of 8 to 22mm, thereby substantially separating the
There is a region where pleading does not occur. In addition, in these Figures 13 to 15, 7'tF・, Δ
F·, λ and flow values are also shown.

In addition, if a stable grain selection layer is formed as described above, and a state without separation or pleating is properly formed, it is natural that the characteristics of the mortar will change accordingly, and this is shown in Figure 16. This is made clear by the series of photos shown.

That is, the present inventors used the same river sand, mixed C/S + W/C equally, one was made by adding rainbow water, cement, and sand at the same time to the conventional method and kneaded to make nine mortar, and the other was surface-moltar according to the present invention. First, add and mix cement to 12'll of water and select the grains, then add apricot water and cement, and take equal amounts of each as C/8-1/2 and W/C41. After charging these mortars into containers each having a diameter of 15 mm and a depth of 30 cm, a glass plate with a specific gravity of 259, which has a specific gravity similar to that of the aggregate such as gravel that is joined to the mortar, is placed on the surface of the mortar. Figure 16 shows that the behavior of the mortar over time was sequentially photographed.
(BI U So(1') 60 minutes later, (C1 So(1')) 12
After 0 minutes, (Dl is the state after 24:01■, whereas El is the state of the mortar according to the present invention immediately after charging on the glass, and (F) is the state after 24:11JI. In the case of mortar made by the conventional method (120 minutes after C1, the glass top immerses into the mortar and reaches a sinking amount of 116 wK from the captive state, and disappears into the precipitating water). However, after 24 hours, the pleading water disappears (as in the DJ photo, and the pleading water dissipates, resulting in a rough surface), whereas the one according to the present invention (compare (P) and (F)) The surface condition after charging was the same after 24 hours, and the surface condition after 24 hours was also different from that of trout. It is confirmed that the results do not change much.However, according to these results, as a result of the conventional method causing some separation and pleating, the overall result is that of the present invention of the right wheel. Even if the mortar has the same specific gravity, the specific gravity of the upper part of the mortar made by the conventional method is lower, so it is clear that this is caused by sedimentation and burial on the glass. It is confirmed that no such separation or pluasing occurs in this case.In this case, the properties of each mortar immediately after the crosstalk and the amount of writhing are as shown in Table 3 below. there were.

The present invention as described above is applicable not only to river sand but also to various known artificial lightweight aggregates, and can be similarly applied to iron sand and the like. In other words, the value of Sv mentioned above can be used as is without making the following correction in consideration of the difference in specific gravity between common river sand and those lightweight aggregates or iron sand.

The present invention can also be applied to fine aggregates, such as sea sand, which are resistant to adhesion of salt and other harmful components, so that the particles can be covered with carcasses and the accumulation of harmful components can be appropriately prevented. In other words, in our country, which has oceans on all sides, river sand is originally easy to obtain, but it is well known that it is becoming depleted due to the recent development and spread of the concrete industry, so sea sand is used. The necessity of this has been discussed for some time, but when sea sand is used, it is resistant to adhesion and the salt content adversely affects the reinforcing material, so there is no harm in this process. The present invention has hardly been put into practical use because the components must be washed and removed using a special reaction agent, which increases man-hour costs. Since it is possible to form a layer, it is possible to inject such harmful ingredients, and it is of great significance for M to be able to encapsulate such harmful ingredients while ensuring the following characteristics. be.

Suzuaki for the next case using the sea sand of the lid, 06 ~ 1.2 - sea sand (water absorption rate 1) produced in Shimohokuto, Aomori Prefecture.
) with a surface water of about 10 tatami mats, apply water on it in oil so that the surface water amount is 204, mix for about 1 minute, try to equalize the water, and then add cement powder. /8 is added to the sea urchin so that 1=1, and kneaded and mixed for about 2 minutes to form a shell.After this film formation, further kneading water is added so that W/C becomes 344, and kneaded for about 2 minutes. Then, apply the dispersant to the cement bowl and mix for 1 minute to form the desired mortar.

In addition, for comparison, W/C is 344 at c,,'s=i:i for the same sea sand as above.
Prepare mortar by adding cement and water at the same time and kneading them as shown below, and measure the flow value of these mortars.
The comparative example is 17.1 ot! and
It was confirmed that the product of the present invention has excellent fluidity, and the results of measuring its electrical conductivity showed that the product of the present invention had a value several milliohms lower, indicating that it contained a certain amount of salt. confirmed.

Historically, it has become clear that the above-mentioned grain selection layer according to the present invention can be formed in combination with officers and officers, and that such a composite grain selection layer is more preferable with regard to the inclusion of harmful ingredients as described above. It is. To explain the method of ν0chiko's composite grain selection, the cement added during grain selection in the above case is
One of them is put into the first mixing of the first grain selection, and the remains are mixed, and then the foundation water and the remaining cement are mixed again, and then the slurry mortar is made into a slurry mortar. As an example, first C:
Cement powder was added so that S was 1:0.6, mixed and stirred for about 2 minutes, and the remains were made. Then, water corresponding to the amount of surface water was added and mixed for 1 minute, and then C: Add the remaining cement so that S is 1=1, mix for 2 minutes for secondary shelling, and add W/C of 34 to the ridge.
Add the remaining amount of water as specified in Step 4 and knead further for 2 minutes.
Next, a dispersant equivalent to 1 part of the amount of cement was added and kneaded for 1 minute.The flow value of the mortar was the same C.
/S, W/C, it is 22cIn and shows superior fluidity than that of the primary shell-forming, and its paste content is about 334 hydrated heavy electric currents, which is compared to that of the above comparative example. 5.64+,-! - It can be confirmed that the moisture content in the grain is less than the quotient, and the grain selection layer is formed thickly.
It was confirmed that the degree of Denkiden 4# was even smaller.

The composition according to the present invention as described above can obtain favorable results in terms of fluidity and moldability. For example, when using the conventional method, slurry mortar that can be pumped with a hose for the purpose of spraying as described above or simply transferring mortar etc. is thought to have a falling speed of about 20 seconds through a J funnel or a P funnel. It is well known that liquidity is used as an indicator. However, in order to obtain mortar of this level, the ratio of S:C to 1:1 and the addition of a lignin sulfonic acid dispersant to this W/C
Although the W/C is about 364 even if a high-performance dispersant such as an alkylaryl sulfonate is used, this separation is based on the assumption that such mortar has excellent fluidity. The pre-song is significant, so it is necessary to stir and knead immediately before introducing the pressure pump after adjustment.If the mixture is not constantly stirred, it will separate into upper and lower parts. In addition, the maximum of S:C is 1.
．． If more than 2:1 of sand is used, a special thickener such as bentonite is required, and since pleating is unavoidable in the strength test of the resulting product, the upper part is removed after pleating. The specimen was obtained by cutting it out, and although the W/C of the mortar used and the W/C of the specimen were different, the test values were satisfactory. It is obvious that it is not possible to obtain a dense injection especially in the upper part when using the reverse pouring method, and even when injection molding is carried out inside a closed formwork, voids are created on the upper surface and the injection becomes dense. It is not possible to obtain a perfect molding surface. According to the present invention, such disadvantages are covered by light, and even if the sand created as described above has a relatively large diameter, it becomes circular and has a relatively soft surface. The W/C between the grain selection layers is low, making it easy to pressure feed with a hose, and since there is no separation or pleating, there is no need for constant stirring with an agitator, and it is sealed. g! For example, FM is 2.
In the case where the mortar for pressure feeding is injected and pumped using coarse crushing of about 3, the conventional method has a W/C of 42
The mortar performance in this case is as follows: add 1 tbsp of dispersant and 90% aluo powder to prevent separation, mix and inject using a high-performance grout oxer, agitator, and piston pump while stirring. It is as follows.

Fluidity: J funnel 20 seconds ± 3 seconds Average compressive strength after 28 days 500 Kf/- around standard
Deviation 80Kt/- Front-rear variation coefficient 14~
18 Unfortunately, such mortar has a design standard strength of 400 Kf/a.
This mortar satisfies Ii and can be said to be the best mortar for pumping purposes. On the other hand, according to the present invention, mortar having the same degree of fluidity uses coarse sand of the same FM, C/at-1: 1, W/C of 39, dispersant of 0.84, and retardant. Add 0.8 ml of cement, and the mixing order is as follows: first put the water-containing sand into the mixer, then add some water to make the surface water of the sand 201, mix it, and then add the entire amount of cement. After adding and kneading the remaining water, the W/C becomes 39! While adding and kneading, the above-mentioned dispersant and retarder are added for finishing. The thus obtained mortar had little variation in fluidity and no separation pleating, and its 28-day strength was obtained as follows.

Average compressive strength 675-710 edge/-porosity deviation
52 to 56 Kf/m with a coefficient of variation of 7 to 8.5, the design strength of 600 Kt/- can be maintained in the light, and with the same composition, the strength can be increased at low cost and the variation can be reduced. A very stable product can be obtained.

From the above, it is clear that the book according to the present invention does not regard the surface water of sand as an inconvenient factor and merely a correction factor for mixed water, but uses it as an advantageous factor, thereby making it possible to apply various methods in various fields. It will be possible to obtain great effects and effectively solve many disadvantages and difficulties. That is, fluid mortar without separation or pleating can be achieved with a poor mix such as C/8 of 1 = 25 to 3 or more, and that it can be kept stationary in the storage tank for several tens of minutes without stirring with an agitator. It is unimaginable in the prior art to be able to carry out fluidized pressure feeding as it is afterwards, and generally the best method is to use sand around 124 in the surface water wheel and set the W/C in the grain selection part to about 24. Demonstrates excellent characteristics, and with this as the peak, the W/C of the grain sorting department is 10 to 27 and 8
Preferable results will be obtained within the specified range.

Furthermore, in the seventh invention, the C/S value is reduced to a light value to obtain a preferable mortar or the like. That is, as a result of the product according to the present invention exhibiting the above-mentioned characteristics, it is predicted that this C/S value can be significantly reduced (the amount of cement can be reduced, the amount of sand can be increased, and the 9 mix ratio can be adopted), and therefore, The present inventors also considered these points. That is, C/8 = 1
: Raise sose+ from about 1 and increase C/8 to 1/2~
As a result of examining mortar with a poor mix such as 1/3, it was possible to obtain a similarly desirable mixer, and even with a poor mix of mortar with more than twice the amount of sand compared to cement, a product with considerable strength was found. It was confirmed that it was possible to obtain a good mortar with no separation or pleating. This is extremely significant, as it is possible to obtain a product that is equivalent to or better than a mortar with a high C/S value using a mortar with a poor blend, so it is possible to economically provide the desired product and have industrial merits due to it. It is clear that this is enormous.

As a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is of course possible to further add water after grain selection by forming a coat as described above to obtain a raw mixed product, but in some cases, it may be possible to obtain a raw mixed product. After going through this process, the material is sent to the construction site by vehicle, conveyor, or other means of transport according to each construction condition), where it is added with water and the necessary additives and kneaded to form the desired product. All you can do is turn it into a thing. In other words, by doing this, the important process including the control of the amount of surface water can be carried out rationally under conditions where the factory and other facilities and equipment are fully equipped, and the present invention can be carried out on site by simply adding water and kneading. For example, it is possible to fully demonstrate the efficiency of the present invention at a construction site several kilometers to more than 10 kilometers away, or at a construction site immediately after excavation deep inside a tunnel. There is no inconvenience of painstaking pressure-feeding.

The mixing adjustment operation of the above-mentioned following according to the present invention is carried out in a factory fully equipped with mechanical equipment, and a calculation mechanism is installed in the mixing adjustment operation to set and determine the amount of water according to the following 2. The amount of primary crosstalk water and the second crosstalk water amount is determined based on numerical values, and the process is carried out while automatically controlling the amount of water added at each stage. That is, W: Total amount of water to be mixed (predetermined) W-: Surface water amount (or water content) of sand We: Adjustment water amount that determines grain selection amount (predetermined) ゝW,: Primary crosstalk water amount W3: 2 As the next crosstalk water amount, Wl = W e - W s Wz = W W e = W - (Wl
+W I) In particular, when preparing composite remains, set the tertiary crosstalk water volume or the quaternary crosstalk water volume, and the crosstalk water volume below the third order is divided into the above W3 or Wl and Wl, and therefore the above We
It is clear that W c can be similarly obtained by dividing W c 1 and We3.

As above &gjj11! It is important to note that the prepared mixture can be used in the same way to obtain any shaped object that is generally employed in the civil engineering or construction industry.
As mentioned above, the product according to the present invention, in which no separation, pleating, or aggregate settling is observed, has a closed molding area. It is clear that favorable results can be obtained by applying the gre-pack doe method, in which coarse aggregate is bre-packed and mortar etc. are injected into it.
In addition, spraying is suitable for pressure-feeding the mortar in construction methods, and it is possible to transport the mortar through a considerably long pipe after a certain period of time has elapsed after preparation, without repeating stirring operations. This makes it possible to carry out advantageous spraying construction more advantageously, such as the semi-wet method 1, in which coarse aggregate, etc. is transported under dry conditions to the pre-barrel position, mortar is added, and then sprayed. Become.

In a more special case, it is clear that the invention can also be used for the production of refractories, using alumina cement as the hydraulic material and having fire resistance as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, respectively. It is possible to obtain an effective refractory material by employing materials that have the following properties.

Specific embodiments of the present invention as described above will be described as follows.

Example 1 As mentioned above, the grain selection amount is determined by the initial surface water content of sand, but no matter what the initial surface water content is, if cement powder is adhered to the sand at its maximum, its average W /
C is about 18-, and no matter what the initial surface water is, if you add a certain amount of cement powder and separate it with an air sieve, the quality of the grain sand will be like this. 189
It will be around 1. That is, the sand from each surface water turbine is mixed with cement in a dry continuous mixer as described above, and then
．． The results of classification based on the air volume of 3NFFLl were as shown in the following table 1s4.

The performance of this mortar according to Table 4 and the characteristics of the products molded using it are as shown in Table 5 below, with no separation or pleating, and an average strength of 674.8 after 28 days.
#/ai% standard difference 52.71 H/als coefficient of variation 7
．． 81 III favorable results were obtained.

In particular, for sand with an initial moisture content of 7 to 11%, the average strength is 712 to 9/6d, and the standard deviation is 18.19 sand/
It was confirmed that the book had excellent strength and accuracy with a coefficient of variation of 2.56%, and we were able to understand the characteristics of the present invention.

Example 2 As described above, the W/C at the peak point where the mixing torque in the mixer is at its highest is approximately 10%.

In preparing a mortar using yarded river sand with an unknown water content, 50 ml of the river sand was first put into a mixer and lightly stirred to evenly distribute the moisture content.

After this treatment, cement powder was first mixed with 2#, then 1#
When I added 14.6# cement twice, and then added 200I one after another to continue mixing and stirring, the motor torque was measured as an ampere value.The ampere value peaked at 0.73 when 14.6# cement was added. I was able to confirm the points.

That is, from such a peak point, the surface water wheel of the river sand is estimated to be around 9 inches, and based on this estimate, 10% of the adjusted water amount required for grain selection is added to this river sand, mixed and stirred to obtain the necessary amount. The amount of cement was added and the grains were sorted. W/CF at this time
i20%, and for this turtle, water for secondary crosstalk is 15 cm per cement amount, and dispersant is 1 per cement volume.
The desired adjusted mortar was obtained by adding

That is, the mortar paste thus obtained was 1:1, W/
C is 35%, and its fluidity FiF is 1.32g/
7, ΔF6Fi0.03 g/cm', λ is 3, 8 j
It was confirmed that the mortar was q-see/α4 and had no separation pleating, and the compressive strength of the product specimen molded using this mortar after 7 days was 528 Jcf/
al, the bending strength was 107.8#/ctI, and the compressive strength at 28 days ff1K was 742/cI11 bending strength was tt2.6#/cd.

Example 3 Using a sand surface water wheel adjustment mechanism that utilizes reduced pressure conditions, f!
Surface water rate 121! hydrated sand was prepared.

That is, after charging river sand into a sealable tank, the mosquito tank is depressurized to remove the air between the sand grains, and then the tank is once injected to fill the spaces between the sand grains with water, which is then drained and the air between the sand grains is filled with water. The remaining water is removed by a pressure difference using reduced pressure conditions (this removal may be done under pressure depending on the case),
The surface water rate can be adjusted within a short period of time, and fluctuations caused by external pressure under atmospheric conditions are blocked, so the entire surface is adjusted as a uniform surface water turbine. Above water-containing sand 50#
Mix 3.5% of adjusted water and then add 44% of cement.
．． Six pieces were added and mixed with a mixer using a mixer, and the kernels were then subjected to secondary cross-mixing with the addition of 6,71 g of water and 446 g of a dispersant to obtain the desired mortar.

That is, the compressive strength Fi582kIA-d bending strength trz after 7 days for the specimen molded using this mortar
xxstcy7. , 1, and the compressive strength after 28 days FigsaAy/cP&, the song is strength F! , 13
It was confirmed that the product had an extremely high strength of 4#/i.

Example 4 Some formulation examples in which cps is around 1:1 and the W/C of the paste around the selected grains are as follows, which were specifically adopted according to the present invention as described above by the present inventors. As shown in Table 6, the mixing and stirring for grain selection was performed using W and Ws according to the method using the mechanical equipment described above.

A single grain selection method is adopted in which Wc, W+%Wl are set.

The fluidity and other properties of each mortar prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 1X6 are shown in Table 7 below. That is, all mortars had a pleating rate of 0 at any stage from 1 to 3 hours, and regarding separability, the upper/lower values for mortar volume weight were 0.966 or higher, and the sand volume weight was 0. 938 or more, and it was confirmed that this mortar was good in any case.

Furthermore, the compressive strength level /- after 28 days for these items is as shown in Table 8 below, and in the average column of this table, the standard deviation values are also shown in parentheses for each C76. The mortar with a ratio of about 1:1 exhibited extremely good strength and deviation values regardless of the K, and the following results were obtained.

Average compressive strength (after 28 days) 689.414/d
Standard deviation 54.4 kg/cd Coefficient of variation
7.9% This was compared to the average compressive strength after 28 days of 500 A$l/ffl in the highest condition mortar (added with aluminum powder, etc.) to obtain similar fluidity according to the prior art described above, with a standard deviation of 80 A$l/ffl. Comparing the results before and after the results with a coefficient of variation of 14 to 18, it is clear that a considerable improvement has been achieved even when the changes are made.

The results obtained in Example 4 are also shown in the 17th example along with the results obtained in Example No. 85 by the present inventors to obtain similar fluidity in the prior art using #J. In the figure, in the case of the mortar in the highest state in the prior art as a mortar that can be transferred by a hose, the compressive strength is 254/cd as shown by the white bar in this bar graph.
The actual trap weight is 400 kg/(-d), which varies over a wide range, and among the 85 measurement data, it is 551 to 575#/
Even if the highest phase change is obtained at point d, most of the cases do not reach this level, and the average compressive strength is at the level described above. On the other hand, in the case of the black-backed bar according to the present invention, the variation range is extremely narrow, about one-fourth, and the conventional method has a variation range of at most 1 to 1/4.
It is concentrated in the highest strength part where the probability of obtaining about 2% is obtained, and the average compressive strength is as high as 170#/ff1 or more, and a very favorable result has been obtained. As shown in Fig. 17, it is completely exceptional that high-strength books are obtained with the conventional technology with a probability of about 1 to 2%, and it is unusual depending on the sampling position of the specimen. Recognized as a numerical value.

In other words, when using this group of embodiments of the present invention, the performance of the mortar can be amazingly improved compared to the mortar in the best condition according to the conventional method, the W/C is reduced by 3%, and the agitator Handled without stirring, the average strength is 170 gold or more, the standard deviation is 25 #/cd or more, the coefficient of variation is 7 chi or more, and accuracy is improved, and the design standard strength is Fi200.醇/c! A mortar with a pull-up of more than 1 soow/cd can be obtained as a pressure-fed mortar using the same sand and the same composition.

Example 5 A study was carried out on the application of the invention to poorly mixed mortars such as C/S = 1:2 or less.

That is, the terms and conditions of the sand surface turbine and the adjusted mortar that the inventors have formulated, as well as the fluidity and strength of the specimens obtained by molding with K17 mortar, are as shown in Table 9 below. .

Example 6 The present inventors also carried out the application of the above-mentioned grain selection mortar as concrete. That is, the prepared mortar uses sand with an initial surface water wheel content of 12%, and W/C-
42%, C/S = 1:2, its weight is 2.286, F value is O197g/cd,
ΔF.

is 0, and λ is 1.50 g·s e /lyn'. Gravel was mixed with this mortar to prepare 5 m of concrete such as A to E shown in Table 10 below.

10.For the concrete shown in Table 10, the compressive strength, its average value, standard deviation a, and coefficient of variation ma after 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days of molding were determined as follows. It was as shown in Table 11.

In other words, although it used mortar with a relatively poor mix of C:S of 1:2, it was confirmed that considerable strength was obtained, and it was an award-winning concrete with a small standard deviation and coefficient of variation. It was done.

In addition, using the above mortar, it was further adjusted to contain 484 # of cement, 1 aii # of sand, 333 # of gravel, and 16 # of water per mm.
8 # (W/C4=351G>) was obtained, and after spraying this material, 3 days, 7 days and 2
Average strength after 8 days? The results of determining the standard deviation and maneuver coefficient are as shown in Table 12 below.

Table 12 Example 7 Using river sand that had been uniformed to 12% by deaerating it under reduced pressure conditions and dewatering it using the pressure difference after injection, the river sand was adjusted to P4. A film according to the present invention is formed by adding and mixing cement to the river sand at a ratio of 1:2, and then adding a dispersant and water together with 1:1 of the amount of cement to give a ratio of 42%. The mortar of the present invention adjusted to Kv4 is 1rn in width and 2m in length.
, No. 4 crushed stone was pre-filled in the 15mm thick formwork, and this gray i? The inside of the filled formwork is under reduced pressure condition, and 0.50/m2 is injected from the injection port formed on one side of the formwork.
Injection molding was performed at CD level. That is, as mentioned above, it is almost impossible to pour a mortar with a large sand amount of about 1:2 C76 by the above-mentioned Brepacked method using the conventional method. However, in this example using the film-formed sand as described above, FiFo was 1.8.
41g/adz ΔFO is 0.010211/cm
', λ was 2.56 g·see /cIR', and the J-funnel showed fluidity of 44.4 seconds, allowing for smooth injection. Furthermore, the compressive strength after 28 days of the injection-molded product was 498 to 511 kV/-, and it was confirmed that the product was of stable quality with a small variation range.

Example 8 Using river sand that was degassed under reduced pressure conditions with a surface water adhesion resistance of 9% and adjusted to have a uniform water adhesion resistance due to the pressure difference, and using a ratio of 2 parts of river sand to 1 part of cement. After adding and mixing to form a grain selection layer, add water further.
A green mortar with /C of 31.2% was prepared. On the other hand, in addition to this, the surface water content was adjusted to 7% using the same method as above, and cement was mixed with the river sand to form a shell, and 5 to 15 fl of surface water-resistant gravel was mixed with cement using the same method. A mixture of grain-selecting sand and membrane-forming gravel in equal amounts is prepared, and then a mixture of equal amounts of grain-selecting sand and membrane-forming gravel is pumped with high-pressure air.
The mortar described above was added at a ratio of 80 g to the pressure-fed spray material at a position near the spray nozzle, and the mortar was sprayed onto a substantially vertical spray surface.

Compressive strength ti36 of the obtained spraying work 3 days after construction
3kg/cI/L, 483#/7s after 7 days
After 28 days, a597#/(i) and a preferable spraying construction could be achieved.

Example 9 A shell was formed by adding and mixing 900 kFI/ml of uniformly conditioned K11ll sand and 340 kg7'B of cement in the same manner as in Example 8, using reduced pressure conditions with a surface water resistance of 10%. K 80 Jcf/m3
of water, No. 4 crushed stone 900,197m3, and water reducing agent 3.4kf
The fresh concrete added and kneaded at a rate of 6.8 kf/m'' exhibits fluidity with a slump value of 12 cIn. It was sprayed vertically through the surface using a spray nozzle.

That is, in this case, the amount of dust generated is 1500 PM, the rebound rate t'i is 14.71 jl, the compressive strength after 7 days of construction is 193 #/cI, and the one after 1128 days is 335 Ay/cd, which is a preferable spraying construction. was completed.

On the other hand, the slump value of ready-mixed concrete with the same composition as described above obtained by adding and kneading all materials at once without shelling according to the present invention is 131, and this material is mixed with the same spraying machine. The amount of dust generated during construction is 20
0CPM, t″It rebound rate is 25.3-, all of which are large, and the compressive strength after 7 days is 175#/ya, 2
After 8 days, it was 264 kg/cd, which was found to be inferior in both cases.

Example 10 Sand 110014/WLmK (!) uniformly conditioned K11l in the same manner as in Example 8.9 with the surface water adhesion resistance being 12%.
l7) 463 kg/WL" was mixed to form an outer shell with a water-cement ratio of 28.5 cm, and 429 kg7.1 of gravel and a sodium aluminate quick-setting agent 27.8 #/ 5 m" of water in the spray nozzle section and pumped it with high-pressure air in a dry state.
It was added at a rate of 5 jei/*" and sprayed. That is, in this case, the dust amount Fi was 296 cPM, or the rebound rate was 21 inches, and the compressive strength after 7 days was 175 jei/(yd.

After 28 days it was 307Ay/cII.

On the other hand, when using sand with a water landing resistance of 1.5 to 41G and using the same composition as the pumping material above, the nozzle part was 180 J.
W/C as concrete by adding water of ew/@”
In the case of the conventional spraying method, the dust 1 was 512 CPM, and the repulsion rate was 32.4.
%, and the compressive strength after 7 days is about 160kf/c
pl, after 28 days it was 245Ay/cII.

Example 11 For silica sand of 5% or less, the air between the silica sand particles was removed under the same reduced pressure conditions as in Examples 1 and 2, and then water was poured so that the surface water adhesion resistance was 12%. The silica sand particles are filled with water, and then the water that is filled between the particles is removed using the pressure difference between the particles and the silica sand particles. A film was formed on the surface of the silica sand particles with adhering water by adding and mixing alumina cement in equal proportions, and this mortar was placed in a 0.4 rn" mold with a particle size of 10 to 25 mm. Graphite and magnesia refractory materials and coarse aggregate were injected into a sealed container.

The fluidity of the mortar is F. 1.6 g/cd.

ΔFo is 0.04 g/3', λ is 1.51 ・see
/cwr', and can be smoothly injection molded between the refractory coarse aggregate and the pressure difference between it and the external atmospheric pressure under conditions where the pressure is reduced by about 600 flHg. When the mortar overflowed from Opafluoro, which was connected to a vacuum tank opposite to the injection port, the injection was stopped, the mold was brought to atmospheric pressure, the mold was filled under pressure, and the mold was demolded.

The compression strength of the obtained molded product after being naturally dried for 24 hours away from direct sunlight was 265 kf/cd, making it an unfired refractory that can be used as a hearth material for various furnace bodies. It was confirmed that

Example 12 Artificial lightweight aggregate with a specific gravity of 1.63 and a water absorption rate of 12.7- was subjected to depressurized moisture treatment and waste water treatment using a pressure difference so that its surface water content was 10% to improve adhesion resistance. Add 0.5 parts of cement to 1 part of lightweight fine aggregate with adjusted water volume, mix and stir with a mixer so that the W/C becomes 20%, and then add 0.5 parts of cement to 1 part of lightweight fine aggregate, which has been adjusted to the amount of water. A film-forming mortar was obtained by adding and mixing water equivalent to 1.5% IfC of the amount of cement.

That is, the C/S of the artificial lightweight aggregate mortar obtained in this way is 1:2, the W/C is 43.5-1, and the measurement result for its fluidity is that Fl is 2.2Jii. /C
I&: jF0 is 0.129 parts cm', λ is 4.29
・See/(yH') was confirmed to be separated and breathed, and the compressive strength after 7 days of the specimen molded using this mortar was 326Jc9
/d, and the compressive strength after 28 days is 482#/-
It was confirmed that the molded article had favorable characteristic values as a molded article using the above-mentioned artificial lightweight aggregate.

Example 13 Film-forming mortar according to the method of the present invention was injected into steel pipe shoring in a tunnel.

That is, using fine aggregate adjusted to have a sand surface moisture content of 20%, cement was added to the fine aggregate so that C/8 was 1:1, and the mixture was mixed and stirred for about 2 minutes to form a film. Then, trap water is added to make the W/C 35%, and a co-dispersant is added to the amount of cement, and the prepared green mortar is moved to a construction position approximately i 00 = away from the core kneading mechanism using a mortar pump. The mortar was pumped and injected into a pipe with an inner diameter of 303 in a steel pipe shoring with a height of 7.7 m. F6 of the mortar thus prepared was 1.2739/d.

jF, is O, OO749 parts cm', λ is 1.099・s
ee/lyn', and the pressure of the mortar pump used to pump this mortar to the construction site approximately 100 m away is sufficient at 5 to 6 Jet/d, and 7.5 m K The pressure of the mortar pump to push the mortar up to the top of the steel pipe shoring is 4~
Smooth pressure injection was possible at 5 kl/cd.

After 28 days, the filled layer injected into the steel pipe shoring was divided into 3 parts within a height range of 7.5 m as described above.
A coring specimen with a diameter of 5 Crn and a length of 10 cM was taken from each part, and the compressive strength of each specimen was measured, and the average value was 659.9 kg/cI.
I, standard deviation 65.0#/7, coefficient of variation F'i9.
8 cm, and the height range of K 7.5 m is 3 as shown above.
The ratio of compressive strength between the specimen "upper" from the upper stage and the specimen "lower" from the lower stage, the value of "upper/lower" is 1.074, which is preferable for injection into steel pipe shoring. The reinforced mortar layer is spaced apart.

Example 14 Mortar was prepared in the same manner as in Example 11, but the film-forming process was carried out on the ground outside the tunnel, and the resulting apparently dry film-forming compound was deep underground. In the case of Example 11, the W/C was transported to the steel pipe shoring setting position at the back of the excavated tunnel, and after about 2 hours had elapsed from the time of adjusting the above film-forming compound, the W/C was placed at the steel pipe shoring setting location. In Example 11, crosstalk was adjusted by adding water to the same 35% and adding the same dispersant.
It was injected into steel pipe shoring similar to 4 to 5 at a pumping pressure of 91 ct&.

Specimens from the injection-filled bed in the shoring were collected according to Example 11, and the compressive strength of each specimen was measured. The average strength was 677.2/d, and the standard deviation was 37. The results were even better than those of Example 11, with a coefficient of variation of 5.6/cd and a coefficient of variation of 5.6/cd. In this case, the value of the above-mentioned "upper/lower" is Q, 908, and it is determined that separation and pleating have not substantially occurred [2], which is the same as in Example 11,
It was confirmed that there was no sedimentation (volume change).

Furthermore, regarding these Examples 11 and 12, we conducted a study on preparing mortar using the conventional method and injecting it into the same steel pipe shoring without going through the film forming process according to the present invention. In this case, the exact same C76゜W
Even if /C is adopted, the compressive strength is generally around 259b lower than that obtained by the present invention, and its standard deviation is 78
．． It is known that the 5 H/Cr1z coefficient of variation is 163 H, which is about twice or more high in both cases.

Example 15 In obtaining heavy concrete for nuclear shielding, fine aggregate of magnetite 1330 Jt9/m'' was mixed with coarse aggregate of 30N or less of magnetite 1950 Jt/m'' and cement at a ratio of 350 Jt/m*. , said fine aggregate K 70 #/
Prepared by uniformly adhering water at a ratio of m*,
After adding and mixing # marked cement to this to form a film, the remaining water at a ratio of 122 kgr/m'' and the above coarse aggregate were added and mixed, resulting in a volume of ready-mixed concrete of 3950.
kg/m'', and the amount of precipitated water generated in the concrete obtained by pouring this material was extremely small at 0.2 cm, there was no separation, and the compressive strength after 28 days was Fi452.
kg/ffl. If you mix all the materials at the same time without forming a film using fresh concrete with the same composition as above, even if the volume of the concrete is the same as above, the pre-filling water at the time of pouring will be 1. Fil reached 2%, and the compressive strength after 28 days was a7s#/i.

Example 16 1 part of cement was added to 1.74 parts of the same iron-based fine aggregate as in Example IK and 0.2 parts of water was added to the mixture to make it evenly adhere to the surface to form a film, and then water was added. 026 parts and 0 water reducing agent
．． The flow value of the mortar to which 01 parts were added and kneaded was 21 seconds (F0tit 1.2 g/cm). The injection molded product had no pleating and had a compressive strength of ti34314/cd after 28 days.

On the other hand, using the same fine aggregate as the surface xylophone, and using the same pre-film-forming mortar as above,
The material injected into the secured molding area has a pleating rate of 1.5% and a compressive strength of 265 kf//c after 28 days.
It was t/l.

In addition, film formation was carried out in the same manner, except that the amount of water adhering to the surface of the sand was 0.3 parts. When fresh concrete was poured under the same conditions, the pleat song ratio was 3.2% and the compressive strength on the 28th was 278 kl/cII, both of which were confirmed to be considerably inferior to the above case.

In order to utilize the trap of the present invention as explained above, we will elucidate the actual situation regarding the aggregate surface and the paste between these particles in composites such as seed mortar and ready-mixed concrete, and we will solve the problem by clarifying the actual situation regarding the aggregate surface and the paste between these particles, which in the prior art was simply adjusted by assuming a constant concentration. In addition to clarifying the unreasonableness of the book, we will accurately utilize the above-mentioned clarification results to effectively adjust the remarkable composition without separation, pleating, or aggregate sedimentation, and also reduce the amount of fine aggregate. In addition to ensuring these properties in a poorly blended compound with a large As a result, it is possible to appropriately manufacture products of stable quality with little variation, and to advantageously manufacture various types of high-precision cement products at low cost. Because of this, it is an invention that has great industrial effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show the technical contents of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a chart showing the fluctuation state of mixing torque when cement is sequentially added to water-containing sand and mixed, and FIG. Explanatory diagram of the fluidity measurement mechanism for the compound adopted by 1. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the progress of the hydration reaction, Figure 4
The figure is a diagram summarizing the fluctuations in the liquid-to-powder ratio and mixing torque for various hydraulic substance powders. Figure 5 shows the degree of film formation when hydraulic substances are added on the surface of fine aggregate particles. A photograph with a magnification of 80 times shown for comparison, (3)
/C is 59b1 count) is 1011. (C) is 15%. (D> is 20%, (g) Fi 25%, (g) is 3O-1
(G) is the case of 35%; FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the state of green mortar prepared by the present invention and green mortar prepared by the conventional method after washing in water; FIGS. 7 and 8
The figure is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the state of film formation in the present invention, and Figure 9 shows the surface water wheel of fine aggregate (sand) used in the compound, and the hydraulic substance and fine aggregate in the compound. Chart showing the relationship between the mixing ratio (S/C and c/8), Part 1
Figure 0 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial surface water wheel of sand and the generation state of pre-song, Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram of the equipment used by the present inventors to test the separation generation state, and Figure 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sand initial surface water turbine and the generation state of pre-song. A diagram showing the state of separation occurrence in relation to the sand surface water wheel when the ratio is around 1 = 1, Figures 13 to 15 are C
Figure 16 is a diagram summarizing the relationship between the initial surface water content of sand in a synthetic trap with 76 of about 1:1, its flow characteristics, and the strength of the obtained specimen after 28 days. Comparison of photographs showing the sedimentation state of glass beads placed on the mortar surface after storage in the tank for mortar and mortar made by conventional trapping. Figure 1g17 shows the mortar according to Example 4 of the present invention and the conventional method. It is a chart summarizing the state of variation in strength of the obtained specimens. In these drawings, 1 is the injection part, 2 is the overflow part, 3 is the connection part, 4 is the aggregate filling layer, 10 is the sand grains, 11 is the stable coating film part, 12 is the cement powder, and 13 is the Fi-free part. In the stable shell part, 14 is cement paste, and 21 to 24 are divided pipes. Patent applicant Hajime Ito Inventor Hajime Ito Immediate question
Yoshi Higuchi Waist circumference
Mochi 1) Toyooka
Ken Mochisan Hirai
Hide Kaga club member
Yasushi Yamamoto Butsuma
Ryu Harashima −＼ Procedural amendment (free) Kazuo Wakasugi, Commissioner of the Patent Office, 2, annotation 0 winter name 7hi foundation 8 products (3 for wet engineering, relationship with the person making the amendment) # Applicant 4, agent residing at Toranomon I I'
ll] No. 8 l; Showa year month
Date: Shipping 6, Drawing subject to amendment 7, Contents of amendment as attached.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Fresh mortar made by adding water-based liquid and fine aggregate such as sand to water-smoking substance powder such as cement or gypsum, or a raw mortar in which gravel or other coarse aggregate is added to these. In order to obtain a mixed material such as ready-mixed concrete in which the above-mentioned fine aggregate particles have been added, one of the mixed yarns is prepared which has been adjusted to prevent the above-mentioned liquid from adhering to substantially the entire surface of the fine aggregate particles, and this one mixed yarn is Mix the other blended yarn, which is mainly made of the water vapor substance powder described above.
A shell layer with a small liquid-to-powder ratio is formed on the surface of the fine aggregate particles at 116 to form a shell layer with a small liquid-to-powder ratio, and then the remaining water required for 15 is added and kneaded. # of products with hydraulic 'MJ' quality that is characterized by modeling! Construction method. 2. Fresh mortar, which is made by adding water-based liquid and fine aggregate such as sand to water-smoking substance powder such as cement or plaster, or ready-mixed concrete, which is made by adding gravel or other coarse aggregate to these. In order to obtain a resulting compound, one of the blending systems is prepared in which the above liquid is adjusted to be evenly distributed on substantially the entire surface of the fine aggregate particles described above, and this one blending system has the above-mentioned hydraulic properties. The following (!) is used to mix and stir the other blending system with the main material being powder. By mixing and stirring using A method for producing a mourning article using a hydraulic material, which is characterized by forming the material into a stable state and forming an L shape into a zero-kneaded material. Wl = W e - W s (
ItWB=W We=W (W1+Ws)
- (Otori) However, in the above formula, W: Total amount of water to be mixed WI: Surface water amount of sand Wc: Adjustment water amount that determines grain selection W1: Primary kneading water power W: Secondary mixing water amount 3, cement, etc. Mixtures such as ready-mixed mortar made by adding water-based liquid and fine aggregate such as sand to hydraulic material powder such as gypsum, or ready-mixed concrete made by adding gravel or other coarse aggregate to these. In order to obtain the product, prepare one of the blended threads in which the above-mentioned liquid is adhering to substantially the entire surface of the above-mentioned fine aggregate particles, and use this blended yarn and the above-mentioned hydraulic substance powder as the main materials. The other blending system obtained by mixing the above-mentioned fine-aggregate particles with a stable outer coating having a ratio of the liquid to the powder content on substantially the entire surface of the fine-aggregate particles is smaller than that in the overall resulting compound. A grain is formed, and the remainder of the liquid is further mixed with this outer selected grain fine green material to form a raised metal, and this mixture is shaped before the hydration reaction peak point of the hydraulic material is reached. A method for manufacturing products using hydraulic substances. 4. Fresh mortar, which is made by adding water-based liquid and fine aggregate such as sand to hydraulic substances such as cement and gypsum, or ready-mixed concrete, which is made by adding gravel or other coarse aggregate to these. To obtain the desired compound, one compounding system in which the liquid adhered to substantially the entire surface of the fine aggregate particles was prepared, and this one compounding system and the powder of the hydraulic substance described above were combined. The other compounding system, which is mainly composed of This outer selected grain aggregate is directly transferred to an axle, conveyor, or other conveyance means.
nm is sent to the construction site, and at the h construction site, the above-mentioned liquid is further mixed with the outer selected grain aggregate to form a school compound fJI4! l
i! B. A method for manufacturing a product using a hydraulic material, characterized by filling and molding a molding area with the compound. 5. Fill the modeling area with coarse aggregate in advance, and use a mixture such as green mortar, which is made by adding water-based liquid and fine aggregate such as sand to hydraulic material powder such as cement or gypsum. In order to perform injection modeling in the modeling area, one of the blending systems in which the liquid is made to adhere to substantially the entire surface of the fine aggregate particles is prepared, and this one blending system and the hydraulic substance powder are combined. The other compounding system as the main material is mixed to form an outer shell layer in a stable state where the ratio of the liquid to the powder content is 4 smaller than that in the other interparticle gaps over the entire substantial surface of the fine bone phase particles. The method is characterized in that an accretion material is prepared by mixing the selected grain aggregate with the remainder of the liquid necessary for blending, and the accretion material is injected into the modeling area by a pressure difference. A method of manufacturing products using hydraulic substances. 6. The remaining liquid necessary for blending is further added to and mixed with the selected grain aggregate, and coarse aggregate and quick-setting agent are added and mixed and sprayed. Fifth
A method for producing a product using a hydraulic substance according to any one of the paragraphs. 7. The first pumped material is made by mixing the outer selected grain fine aggregate with a liquid and the other compound yarn, which is mainly composed of hydraulic substance powder, is mixed with the fine aggregate. Coarse aggregate has an outer shell layer formed on substantially the entire surface of the fine aggregate particles with a liquid-to-powder ratio of approximately constant within the range of lθ to 30. A method for manufacturing a product according to the hydraulic properties listed in claim 6, wherein the spraying is performed by mixing with a second pumped material to which is added a second pressurized material. 8. Pre-mixed mortar with the addition of a liquid mainly consisting of hydraulic substances such as alumina cement and refractory fine aggregate, or ready-mixed concrete with the addition of refractory coarse aggregate to these. In order to obtain the product, one blending system is prepared in which two liquids are adjusted to prevent adhesion on substantially the entire surface of the above-mentioned refractory fine aggregate particles, and this one blending system and the hydraulic substance powder are mixed together. A stable state is achieved in which the ratio of the liquid to the powder content on substantially the entire surface of the refractory fine aggregate particles is much smaller than that in the other interparticle spaces. A fire-resistant molding is made by forming a mixture prepared by forming an outer selected grain, and further blending the remaining liquid and refractory coarse aggregate necessary for blending with the outer selected grain fine aggregate. A method of manufacturing a product using a hydraulic substance characterized by forming a body. 9. Manufacture of a product using a hydraulic substance according to one of the items 1 to 8, within the range of %nh, using a compound containing inorganic noble fibers such as steel fibers or glass rut fibers. Method.