JPS58199783A - Cement structural material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to cement structural materials.

More particularly, the present invention relates to non-combustible lightweight cementitious construction materials.

Traditionally, structural materials include lightweight aggregate cement boards, foamed cement ALC, and extruded asbestos-containing cement boards with internal spaces as materials whose main component is cement, and materials other than cement include aluminum, Lightweight sanderch boards with foamed synthetic resin inserted between plaster, cement wood wool boards, and wood are available. On the other hand, ALC, which has internal reinforcing bars, is a structural material that can hold loads.

These include hollow extruded boards and cement extruded boards reinforced with asbestos fibers. However, since none of these materials can be used as surface finishing materials, separate interior and exterior work is required to smooth the surface. Furthermore, although ALC is lightweight,
Since it is a continuous body with highly water-permeable air bubbles, it requires strict waterproofing.

In addition, although extruded plates are hollow, they are heavy per volume, making them difficult to transport and handle during construction.

Considering these points, boards made of plywood have a specific strength (
It is the preferred material as it has the highest strength per weight (strength per weight), and in recent years it has come to be widely used as a 2x4 (two-by-four) construction method for houses with wall structures, but its use is limited due to its flammability. .

An object of the present invention is to provide a cement structure material that is lightweight, has a smooth surface, is not water permeable, and can easily be provided with heat insulation properties.

That is, the present invention provides 100% by weight of a prepared cement made of siliceous cement and/or alumina cement containing 10 to 90% by weight of cement having a particle size distribution of 50% by weight or more of particle size components of 0 to 20 μm. At least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic polymer compound, a water reducing agent, and an aggregate is added to the part, and 20 parts by weight or less of water is added, kneaded, and extruded, so that the strength after hardening is 1. .000
In other words, it relates to a cement structure material formed by molding a plate-like material and a tubular material having a bending strength of 700 and 702 or more, and then placing and joining the tubular material between two core plate-like materials.

The cement used in the present invention is Arit (3CaO-5
i 02 ) Cement containing more than 30% by weight of C3S can be advantageously used. Specifically, ordinary Portland cement (C, 5 = 40-601 amount L), 'E? - Strong Portland cement (C3sS = s5~70 heavy), super fake Portland cement (C3S = 67~69 heavy 1)
:l), calcium aluminate CA (CaO・A/?
203), expansive cement admixtures (e.g. C-0.3
Al2O, , So, , Ca5O, , those whose main components are CaO) can be used.

In addition, the cement used in the present invention has θ as a particle size component.
It is necessary to contain 10 to 90% by weight of cement with a particle size distribution of ~20 μm particle size of 50% by weight or more, particularly,
It is desirable to contain 20 to 80% by weight of cement with a particle size distribution of 0 to 20 μm and a particle size distribution of 50 weight percent or more, and 80 to 20 weight percent of cement with a particle size distribution of 50 weight percent or more in a particle size of 50 pm or more.

The fact that the particle size distribution of cement can affect the strength of the hardened product is reported in the Cement Technology Annual Report (Ma0125.p82-87).
There is a report by Ohma et al. (1971). In addition, in the cured product of the present invention, the amount and behavior of particles of 1 μm or less are also important,
It is desirable to sufficiently knead the particles so as to fill the spaces between particles having a particle size of 1 μm or less, especially particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more near 0.1 μm. For this purpose, the cement particles must be made extremely fine, and for example, pulverization by impact pulverization using dry air (jet atomizer) is an effective means. The optimal amount of ingredients is about 1 to 10% by weight, but the particles can be replaced by other types of fine particles such as talc.

Cement usually has a weight of 25 - even with the use of many water reducers.
Although it is impossible to reduce the amount of mixed water below, according to the present invention, the ratio to cement is 20% by weight or less, and even 15% by weight.
weight - can be less than or equal to

The hydrophilic polymer used in the present invention is added to impart drawability and is mainly a water-soluble polymer. This property has the purpose of ensuring that the energy propagates effectively during mixing in the kneading process rather than as heat, and that it does not cause cracks or laminations in the mixed cement column extruded from the die in the extrusion process. It is also effective in maintaining the shape of products molded by cracking and compression in rolls, extrusion and drawing, etc.

Specifically, the following are mainly used.

Cellulose-based materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, other polyethylene oxide, acrylamide, acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer, acrylamide, dimethylaminomethacrylate copolymer As the water reducing agent used in the present invention, such as a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer or a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, any water reducing agent generally used as a concrete water reducing agent can be used. Particularly effective are polyalkylaryl sulfonates, highly condensed triazine sulfonates, β-goftalene sulfonic acid formalin condensates, and water-soluble melamine sulfonic acid formalin condensates, but melamine sulfonic acids have a curing retarding effect. It also has many advantages, such as increasing the surface hardness of the product.

In addition to commonly used aggregates such as silica sand and crushed limestone, the aggregate used in the present invention is a fly ash micro-balloon material with a controlled particle size distribution and low water absorption, which improves the filling effect and strengthens the material. Atomized silica particles, pigment particles, etc. can also be used as particles of 1 pm or less to increase the particle size.

The antifoaming agent used in the present invention assists in evacuation of entrapped air during the kneading process, but is not necessarily necessary when an extruder equipped with a degassing device is used.

In order to achieve a compressive strength of 1000 Kf/i or more, the amount of mixed water needs to be 20 parts by weight or less based on cement.

Table 1 shows the change in strength depending on the amount of water mixed in the composition that achieved the compressive strength of 13801f/cIIP in the present invention.

Table 1* Is the per-kneading rate for cement Qunet? ” Scene (Knet masch
Ine), wet bread mixer, pug mill, roll mill, etc. are used. Most preferably, kneading is used as a continuous process and is carried out by a kneader having multiple stages of blades mounted perpendicular to the shaft and providing thrust, compression, and shear.

As an indicator of the degree of mixing, 5%V/Kf ~ 40K
W/Kp. If it is lower than this lower limit, the strength of the cement structure material after hardening will decrease. If it is larger than the upper limit, the reaction of the cement becomes uneven due to partial heat generation, etc., resulting in poor finish. The extrusion process uses an extruder with continuous spiral blades. The rotation speed of the blade is 10~sor
The pm culm degree can be adjusted from the viewpoint of the workability of the hardened cement after kneading. It is desirable to attach a deaerator to the extruder to ensure close packing of particles.

It is appropriate that the degree of vacuum is adjusted to about 600 to 710 mm lk. In detail, degassing reduces the air bubbles in the hardened material, directly increasing its strength, and secondarily, by removing the air adsorbed to the cement particles, the moisture required to cover the particles is removed. It is also thought that it is useful for increasing strength because the amount of water can be reduced by that amount.

The plate-like material in the present invention is extruded, its thickness is regulated by rolls, and then cut, and if necessary, it is pressure-formed by a press.

The tubular material in the present invention is manufactured by extrusion and drawing, but the cross-sectional shape can be freely selected from circular, elliptical, square, etc.

The curing reaction of these molded materials such as plate-shaped materials and tubular materials is similar to that of general cement, but during extrusion and pultrusion processing,
Comparison with other cement boards 1. In order to harden a thin material, drying progresses from the surface of the cement while the reaction progresses.1. It is important to take care to ensure that sufficient hydration reaction does not occur, resulting in poor curing and low F of surface strength.As a way to prevent this, proceeding with the curing reaction in high humidity. Methods of increasing the reaction rate and relatively reducing water evaporation (j) include covering the surface with a synthetic resin film or the like or applying a synthetic resin emulsion to the surface.

Methods to increase the reaction rate include accelerating the reaction while preventing evaporation in an autoclave at 180°C and steam at about 10 instants/cIIP, or accelerating the reaction by using an early-strengthening agent component such as early-strengthening cement, or There is a method of increasing the apparent reaction rate by using cement to which a resin monomer and a heavy initiator are added, and preventing evaporation of the water necessary for the reaction by making it impermeable.

The strength after curing (cured product) of the molded products such as plate materials and tubular materials produced by the present invention is a compressive strength of 1.000/12 or more, and a bending strength of 700 KF/♂ or more. When the strength is less than this limit value, the desired lightweight cement structural material cannot be manufactured. The thickness of the plate material is 15 after curing.
The sub-mm range is advantageously used. The thickness of the plate-shaped material manufactured by roll rolling etc. is preferably 5 enm or less, so if a J-thickness car is required, a plurality of these plate-shaped materials can be stacked to obtain the desired thickness. still,
In the case of overlapping, a steel plate or a synthetic resin plate can be joined between the plate materials in a sandwich manner. When the thickness of a single plate material is 1 OILSI11 or more, the die must be designed very carefully in order to prevent lamination cracks on the surface, which increases the number of man-hours and is not economical. The outermost layer of sheet material can be press-processed to create a common pattern on the surface, such as a brick pattern, minute irregularities to improve adhesion with other finishing materials, and recesses for adhering tiles. . Although the plate thickness of the material can be determined based on the special specifications of the surface, the plate thickness is generally 10 mm because the plate strength is extremely high.
A single plate-shaped material having a thickness of 1 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less can be used as the front plate-shaped material.

The plate-like material can also be colored with pigments.

The cross section of the tubular material can be any shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, or a square, but it is preferable to use a square shape for the outermost part to facilitate joining of the assembled lightweight structural members. (Go to Figure 1 1.B
) Next, the cement structure material of the present invention will be explained from the aspect of use.

When used as a curtain wall, a rectangular cross-section tube with a brim to prevent rain from entering is used for the window section to which the satchel is attached, and the sachet frame is joined to it.

When plate materials are used as structural materials, for example, when used as floors, tubular materials can be joined between the plate materials in the same direction depending on the allowable bending stress. Even if the pipe is completely piped as shown in Figure 2A, the thickness is 2, for example.
The cross section is about 1 (5+n+n), the specific gravity is about 0.9, and by closing the cross section with another plate material, it is possible to make a lightweight material that floats on water.The weight of this material is 14.4Qj/s2.

Architectural panels made of cement boards and having a thickness of 1F were completely impossible to exist with conventional technology.

Further, by filling the space formed by the plate material and the tubular material and/or the space existing within the tube of the tubular material with an organic or inorganic foam material, a highly insulating architectural panel can be produced.

In the case of using the cement structural material according to the present invention as an assembly panel, a rib material (&-') is placed in a direction perpendicular to the tubular material as shown in FIGS. 3A and B, and the tubular material (
By penetrating the inner tube material (A) inscribed in 01, the strength in the right angle direction can be maintained and distortion of the joined panel can be eliminated. Figure 3A is an exploded view and Figure 3B is a view with the upper plate removed.

The plate-like material and the tubular material (hereinafter referred to as "wood") of the present invention can be joined using adhesives, poly-joints, rivets, or the like.

With bonding, conventional cement products did not have sufficient strength due to extremely high phase change and contamination on the surface, but with glue and press processing, the surface is smooth and the material strength is also high. Because it's extremely expensive! High effects can be obtained.

As the adhesive, inorganic adhesives and organic adhesives mainly used for structural purposes can be used.

are particularly effective. However, since most of these adhesives need to be cured by raising the temperature to 50° C. or higher, a heating device is required for bonding.

Specific examples of the liquid medicine include Sumiceram S-18D (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Organic adhesives include phenolic resin, resorcinol resin,
Urea resin, melamine resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, silicone resin, polyvinyl formal resin, butyral resin, nitrile resin, etc. can be effectively used. Examples of mixed adhesives include phenolic/vinyl, phenolic/nitrile, Phenolic, /'nitrile, epoxy/amide,
Resin combinations such as epoxy/silicon, epoxy/polysulfide, and epoxy/silicon are effective. In particular, phenolic/nitriles can be widely used. For example, 3M 1359 can be used over a wide temperature range. Cemedine U-125 exhibits an adhesive strength of 150 KF/3'' or more when pressurized at 120°C for about 15 minutes. Epoxy/phenolic can be cured at about 80°C, so cement curing heating equipment can be used.

The most distinctive feature of wood is that it can be bonded with bolts. Because wood is extremely strong, the threads do not come off like with conventional cement materials, and can be perfectly joined using metal bolts. Also,
It can also be used in combination with adhesives, and this method allows the use of adhesives that require time to cure at room temperature1.
, Light cement structural materials joined by a method of 1° or more mainly consist of a combination of plate-shaped materials and tubular materials, but if they are manufactured using the same method as wood, they can have other cross-sectional shapes like the rib materials mentioned above. This does not impede the use of the material. It is also possible to replace one of the plate materials with a conventionally used aluminum or steel plate.

Cement structural materials manufactured in this way are used for housing exterior wall materials, partitions,
In addition to being used for curtain walls, it can also be used as buffer floors and walls by overlapping cushioning materials to reduce the propagation of impact sound.

Figure 4 shows an upper floorboard (h) placed on top of a lightweight cement structure consisting of a plate-shaped material (), a tubular material (b), and a rib material (c), and a cushioning rubber (e) 1 placed between them and bonded. It is bonded with adhesive. This prevents the vibrations of the floor from being propagated below the floor, but in order to prevent the sound from resonating between the upper floorboard and the upper board, it is necessary to use the cushioning rubber (e). Filling the space created by slag wool with low specific gravity (60 Kp/m2' or less), for example, or providing holes in the upper plate material will facilitate the movement of air and create resonance. Prevention is also effective.

Cushioning materials include rubber chip sheets, glass wool sheets, slag wool sheets, anti-vibration rubber, and foamed synthetic resins.

Rubber material all over! For example, if a sheet of rubber chips with a thickness of 10 mm is used,
0-width sheets may be glued between the plates at intervals of 20 m.

The invention will be explained in more detail by examples below.
This is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1 20μ or more obtained by crushing Portland cement6.
6wt%, 10ttm or more 39.9Wt gII, 2
μm or more 92wt%, 1cm or less 5J wt% 17)
Particle size distribution of fine powder (40 μm or more 6.7 Wt
s.

20 ha or more 39.3 Wt*, ioμm or more 67.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. A-5,000F > 3 parts, formalin condensate of melamine sulfonic acid, 0 After adding 8 parts and mixing as a powder, 12 parts of water was added in a pug mill and roughly kneaded.
Axial vacuum extrusion kneading machine (W! Vacuum Q to kneading 1.15 tatami, 4KW
) and extrude at 60 instant/H, compression pressure 45KII/♂
Pressed sheet material of 200cn x 93n x 3 and a mallet,
A pipe with a length of 200 cm with 34 outer diameters and 27 mm inner diameter was produced using a sizing die, and was kept at a temperature of 23°C for 7 days.
After completing the hydration reaction at a humidity of 90%, it was dried for 14 days to obtain a material.

Material strength is compressive strength 1310 Q/♂, bending strength 830
It was 102.

The plate materials and pipes were joined in the arrangement shown in FIG. 2A. A phenolic-nitrile adhesive (Cemedine U-125) was used to bond the plate material and the pipes together.
The bonding temperature was 130° C. for 2 hours. The volume-based specific gravity of the lightweight structural material thus obtained was approximately 0.5.

In-place foamed rigid urethane resin (density 3
When foaming was carried out by injection of 0Kf/'fn8) and a handle and fastening fittings were attached, the specific gravity was 0.71. Since it can float on water and does not rust, it can be used as a tethered floating body in the ocean.

Example 2 Length 3000 mm, width 60 mm manufactured according to Example 1
0 mm, thickness 4mm plate material and irregular tube extrusion die,
A tubular material having a square cross section with vertical and horizontal lengths of 5 o IF II 111 mm, wall thickness of 4 mm, outer radius of curvature of the four corners of 8 mm, inner radius of curvature of 4 mm, and length of 3 ooo mm was used as the first tube.
Using the method shown in Figure B, an inorganic adhesive whose main components are silica and water glass (Sumiceram S-18 manufactured by Sumiya Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
D) Heat on a heating table at 150°C for 40 minutes. FIG. 5 shows the bonded state. The upper and lower plates are joined by shifting them by 25-5 m. This can be placed on copper beams (this can be used as a floor).

Figure 6 shows how to place adjacent flooring materials.

Example 3 Crushed particles of tire rubber chips (
4 mesh sieve, 35 mesh sieve all through) SBR latex (solid content 45 weight [10 weight % of 1 added, thickness 10.

level it evenly with
Width 600mm, thickness 4fiI? Place the I board and get 50! 'f,
Apply a surface pressure of /m2 and let stand for 2 days. This reduces weight impact noise from rubber tires by 53 dB at 500 Hz.
A floorboard with sound insulation performance was formed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a cement structure joint using square pipes. FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the joint when a circular tube is used. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the cement structural material joined so that the pipes are completely in contact with each other. Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of a cement structure in which tubes are joined at certain intervals. Figure 3A is an exploded view of the cement structure material with rib material arranged, and (a) shows the inner tube material joined to the rib material. (b) shows a circular pipe material (c) shows a rib material, and (c) shows a plate-shaped material. Figure 3 (n) is a top view of a cement structure material with rib material from which one side of the plate material has been removed. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a cement structure material that has a buffering effect. (C) is a rib material) is a plate material (E) is a cushioning rubber (F) is an upper floor material. Figure 5 is a rectangular cross section. FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the portion where the cement structural material of FIG. 5 is joined to an adjacent material. Figure 1A Figure 1B Figure 5Figure 6

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) 100 weight percent of adjusted cement made of siliceous cement and/or alumina cement containing 10 to 90 weight percent of cement with a particle size distribution of 0 to 20# corner particle size of 50 weight or more as a particle size component At least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic polymer compound, a water reducing agent, and an aggregate is added to the part, and 20 parts by weight or less of water is added, kneaded, and extruded, so that the strength after hardening is 1. 000 immediately/-
As described above, a cement structure material is obtained by molding a plate-like material and a tubular material having a bending strength of 7001 f/- or more, and then placing and joining the tubular material between two sheets of the plate-like material. (2) The space formed by the plate material and the tubular material of the cement structure material and/or the interior of the tubular material has a specific gravity of 0.
．． Claim 1 filled with a lightweight material of 5 or less
Section Cement Structural Materials. (3) A wall capable of reducing impact propagation sound, which is formed by arranging a cushioning material on at least one of the plate-like members of the cement structure material, and further arranging and bonding the plate-like member, interior metal plate, or gypsum board. The cement structure material according to claim 1 or 2 for flooring.