JPS5819647A - Kotatsu (foot warmer) in frame work - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the warming-up efficiency of the Kotatu by a method wherein the emitting surface of the underside of a face heater is formed with specified emissive substance so as to have large emissivity. CONSTITUTION:The emitting surface of the underside of the face heater 13 is formed by emissive substance comprising silica or silicate compound as main component added with no less than 10wt% of no less than one kind of substance, such as metal oxide or the like, having high spectral emissivity in the spectral emissive wave length ranges of 2.5-5 micrometers and of 8-12 micrometers so as to ensure no less than about 80% of the emissivity of said emitting surface in said spectral emissive wave length ranges and as well as to obtain the distribution of the spectral emission energy from said emitting surface no less than about 90% within the spectral emissive wave length range of no less than 2.5 micrometers. Consequently, because the emissivity of the emitting surface can be made large within the wave length range of no less than 2.5 micrometers or the range, which is easily absorbed in human body and its clothing, the emission energy from the emitting surface becomes large and yet, because its emission spectrum coincides with the absorption spectrum of human body and its clothing, the improvement of the warming-up efficiency of the Kotatu is resulted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tower kotatsu which aims to improve heating efficiency in a kotatsu that uses a roof-shaped roof as a heat source.

Conventionally, the heat source for Yagura Kotatsu was mainly infrared drops 71
are using. However, since the infrared balance emits light (heat) in all directions, the light (heat) passes through the futon covering the kotatsu and escapes. The emitted light is reflected downward, but the armrest plate becomes quite hot, and this, combined with the high temperature of the glass surface of the infrared balance wheel, promotes convection and dissipates the heat. The problem was that it was easy to escape.

゛ The reason why a planar heater is used as the heat source for the pole is to eliminate the drawbacks of the infrared lamp mentioned above.
However, in order to further improve heating efficiency, the input to the heating element (electricity) must be converted into as much radiant heat energy as possible, and as much of this radiant heat energy as possible can be transferred to the human body or its body. In order to convert the input into a large amount of radiant heat energy, it is necessary to increase the emissivity of the radiation surface. In this case, it is necessary to improve the insulation properties of the K pair and minimize the thermal imbalance.

On the other hand, in order to absorb as much radiant heat energy as possible into the human body or its clothing, it is necessary to match the radiation spectrum μ with the absorption spectrum μ of the human body or its clothing. After researching what kind of range p should be set and what kind of drawbacks of conventional radiation WJ forming materials should be improved in order to increase the emissivity in the smooth μ range, ζro was started. The following will explain the experimental results according to FIGS. 1 to 13.

first,! −71 radiation surface i)μ is the temperature of the radiation surface Tjik
] and the spectral emissivity C2 of the emissive material constituting the radiation surface)
The determined 0-spectral emissivity t is the spectral radiant energy E of the blackbody
It is the ratio of the spectral radiant energy Eλ of the b gas and the radiant substance, and is expressed by the following formula.

ελ=Eλ/Ebλ (1) The spectral emissivity C of an actual radioactive substance is smaller than that of an intangible substance, and has a value of 1 or less. Further, the spectral radiant energy Ebλ of a black body is expressed by the following equation and is determined by the absolute temperature Tbjik].

Here, 1 is the wavelength [μm], o1 and o2 are constants, and c1
=2πhc2=3.742X10(vμm/-).

c2=ho/k=1.4588×104(μm”k).

(aL, h are blank constants, Botsuman's constant,
C is the speed of light. Spectral radiant energy Ebλ of the above blackbody
is maximum at a certain wavelength], its maximum radiant energy Eb
There is the following relationship between the wavelength m that harms - and the absolute temperature Tb of the black body [-].

Am @T b = 63 = 2897-8 (J”
a'k)...m town...(3) Also, the total radiant energy xb is expressed by the following formula.

Here, l is the constant of Step 7 Ambo~Tsman and is 5.67X
10'' (W/ms ¥).As is clear from the above equation (4), the radiant energy ih from wavelength λ1 to λ1' is expressed as: The percentage of the maximum radiant energy Eb11ha is Radiant energy μgy I
The bλ 9 value, that is, the radiant energy ratio 'VXh, is 493
"k(220℃), 77!!"k(500"0) and 2
673@k(2400'0)f) Person E is shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, the horizontal axis represents the wavelength, and the vertical axis represents the spectral radiant energy ratio and the radiant energy ratio.
Represents the spectral radiant energy ratio at 2400°C, a, b,
s represents the radiant energy ratio of J22G "0.500" 0.2400°C. For 220″C, (a) *
From formula (4) 1mm 51.9 (4m) *Ib
"5549 ("5'-)], and as is clear from line a' in Figure 1, the radiant energy in the bands below λWM = 5.5 (μm) and above 25 [μm] is 5.
It is understood that the radiant energy in the band from 5 to 25 μm is 90% of the total radiant energy. Similarly, at 500°C, as is clear from the Hb' line, in the band of 1 = 2.8 to 15 [μm], 2
It is understood that in the case of 400"01i'), the radiant energy is 90% of the total radiant energy in the band of 1 W (17 to 4 (μm), respectively. And the upper Ii3 m
' * b' e o' (F)! 51k Radiation* N Key ratio' b/Ib is expressed for each temperature,
From this, find the wavelength at which the radiant energy ratio is 10% and 90% for each temperature. 1!2. In Figure 2, the horizontal axis shows temperature [°C] and the vertical axis shows wavelength [μ
m] on a logarithmic scale. Now, as mentioned above, the spectral emissivity ελ of an actual radioactive material (compared to that of a black body) is also small i. (D line shown in Figure 5)
In Figure 3, the spectral radiant energy ratio of a blackbody at 220°C, 8 bm/"blm, is shown by the line. According to equation (1) above), the spectral emissivity of asbestos for each wave is By calculating the product of ελ and the spectral radiant energy 1bm of the black body, the spectral radiant energy Eλ of asbestos is obtained.In this way, the spectral radiant energy Eλ of asbestos at 220°C is calculated, and the spectral radiant energy Eλ of asbestos at 220°C is calculated, The vertical axis shows the spectral emissivity and spectral radiant energy (taken as the maximum spectral radiant energy at ℃), and the spectral emissivity and spectral radiant energy are plotted on the vertical axis.On the other hand, the emissivity ε of asbestos is taken as a whole, and the hotter the emissivity g, the more the radiant energy μ. increases, so the emissivity e is large compared to the radiation efficiency of the heater.
11. However, although the spectral emissivity changes depending on the wavelength and does not change depending on the temperature, the emissivity ε changes depending on the temperature because the wavelength band in which the radiant energy distribution is very hot changes p depending on the temperature.

Therefore, if a radiant material with a large spectral emissivity is used in a wavelength band in which the radiant energy distribution of a black body is large at the same temperature as that of the radiating surface, the emissivity will increase and the radiation efficiency can be improved. As mentioned above, the radiant energy of a black body at 220"0 is
0%, therefore, when used at 220°C, the radiation surface of the -ta should be formed of a material with a large spectral emissivity in the wavelength range of 3.5 to 25 μm, and the spectral emissivity in other wavelength bands is The size of has little effect on radiation efficiency.

Asbestos is a silicate mineral containing approximately 50% silicic acid, and as shown in Figure 3, the wavelength is 5 ~! It exhibits high spectral emissivity in the 3 μm and 12-18 μm bands.

Figure 4 shows the spectral emissivity C of quartz.Quartz is a substance that is almost 100% silicic acid, and like asbestos, it has a wavelength of 5 to 8 μm.
Therefore, silicic acid and silicic acid ring compounds exhibit high spectral emissivity in the 8-20 μm band.
As expected, the second wJ emits about 90% of the total radiated energy in a band of 5 to 20 μm. ) It can be said that it is a relatively excellent material as a radiation material, and it can also be said to be advantageous in this respect as it can withstand relatively high temperatures. However, it has the disadvantage that the spectral emissivity all is low i in the wavelength range of 5 μm or less and in the band from 8 to 12 μm, and it is not sufficient as a p1 emitting material.

As mentioned above, the relationship between the radiant substances, their temperature, and their emissivity has been described, but in order for the radiant energy of Heat I to be well absorbed by the human body or its clothing and effectively used as heating heat, the radiant energy must be If the spectral distribution and the spectral distribution of the absorption energy of the human body or clothing should match, then 1 kVk *The moisture content of the human body's skin should be about 70%, and clothing also contains some moisture from sweat. Fifth
The diagram shows the spectral transmittance f of water with a transmission layer thickness of 42 μm and 1
Figure 5 shows the results of experiments on three types of ゜25jll and 10jEI.The horizontal and vertical axes of the line indicate the wavelength and transmittance, and the lines go3, h, and 1 indicate the thickness of the transparent layer 4-
2μml @ 1.2511g 1.10 cod.

Here, the lower the spectral transmittance τ, the higher the spectral absorption σλ
As is clear from Figure 5, absorption of water line infrared rays is extremely good, with wavelengths of 2.8 to 5° 5 μm and 5.
In the band of 8 μm or more, the transmission layer thickness d is an extremely thin layer of 42 μm, and - is hardly transmitted (τλ≦
10%), and when the transmission layer thickness is 1.25 cm, the line wavelength is 2.
．． It does not transmit at all beyond 5 μm. Also, Figure 6 shows the spectral transmittance τλ of meat as its thickness @Q, 5111M, 1m, !
The results of an experiment using three types: SW, 5fi, and 10ml are shown. In addition, Figure 186 shows the wavelength and transmittance on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively, and the lines j, k, l, m
, n are thickness α5a and 1llllffi, respectively.

It represents 3 cod, 5 ■, and 10 cod. As is clear from FIG. 6, meat does not transmit at all at wavelengths of 2.5 μm or more, exhibiting characteristics similar to those of water.

In addition, when meat has a wavelength of α4~2.5μm & -5PVh and a thickness of large 11-, the spectral transmittance τλ becomes small.
Since the absorption rate is large, the effect is stronger due to the increase in shear radiation on the surface.By the way, the transmission layer thickness -
Iia) The transmittance τ changes, but in the case of a material with good absorption, if it is very close to the surface, it will be absorbed in the ζ layer, and it will be absorbed in a layer with d≦1 and converted into heat. Considering this, these relationships are shown by the following equation.

■Mutomi・λ・・″μλd...groan・−・−・−・・−
・(7) Here, ζ II d transmitted energy μ, l·λ is incident energy μ, and μλ is a spectral absorption coefficient, which is a value specific to the material.

In the case of the human body (skin), it is thought that like meat, it exhibits light absorption characteristics similar to those of water, and therefore, its absorption is considered to be extremely good at wavelengths of 2.5 μm or more.

Next, FIGS. 7 and 8 show the spectral absorption characteristics of typical natural fine materials used for clothing, such as cotton and wool.

Furthermore, l! Figures 7 and 8 are enlarged ejgy diagrams showing the wavelength on the horizontal axis and the absorption rate on the vertical axis on a logarithmic scale] Watahiro shows a high V% absorption rate around 9 to 10 pm, but there is a tendency to is commonly found in other vegetable fibers such as hemp and fibers containing semulose such as V-sodium. Figure 8] Wool has wavelengths of 6 to 10.
It shows a high absorption rate near μ theory, but this is thought to be due to the amino group, and other animal lI! There is a similar tendency in miso. Further, FIGS. 9 and 10 show the spectral transmittance of typical chemical fibers, ie, polyester μ, a7tate i. Note that in FIGS. 9 and 10, wavelength and transmittance are plotted on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. Both the polyester shown in Figure 1g9 and the acetate shown in Figure 10 have relatively high transmittance at wavelengths of 5 μm or less.In the case of chemical fibers, the spectral transmittance is unique to the polymer material that is the raw material, but generally at wavelengths of 5 μm.
The transmittance is relatively high below (in other words, the wavelength is 5μ)
m or more, the absorption rate is high). Accordingly, from FIGS. 7 to 10, clothing can be purchased if it has a high i absorption rate at wavelengths of 5 μm or more.

As mentioned above, the human body and its clothing have a high absorption rate in the wavelength band of 2.5 μm or more. Therefore, it is desirable that the radiant energy μ of the heater be at a wavelength of 25 μm or more. In the case of infrared lamps used as Temperature of approximately 24 degrees Fahrenheit
As is clear from the lines 0 and @' in Figure 1, the spectral radiant energy fi/Ehiro shows the maximum value near the wavelength 1 μm, and the energy μ below the wavelength 2°5 μm accounts for the total energy. Therefore, infrared lamps are suitable for heating purposes, while infrared lamps are suitable for heating purposes at wavelengths of 2.5 f-, which are difficult to absorb by the human body and its clothing.
In other words, the radiation energy ratio in the following bands is about 10% or less. In other words, wavelengths that are easily absorbed by the human body and clothing are 2. ! The temperature of the radiation surface is set so that the radiant energy ratio in the band of s μm or more is about 90% or more, and the radiation exhaust 5at distribution of the black body at the temperature of the radiation surface is calculated from the above equation (5), It is necessary to form a radiation surface using a radiation material with a large spectral emissivity of 1 μm in a band where the radiation energy ratio - IIX is about 90%, and the wavelength is 2.5.
In order to make the radiant energy ratio in the band greater than μm approximately 90% or more, #! As is clear from FIG. 2, the temperature of the radiation surface may be set to s00 to 600°C or less.

However, i
As mentioned above, asbestos or quartz has a wavelength of 5 μm or less and a wavelength of 8 μm or less.
It had the disadvantage of having a low spectral emissivity of 1 μm in the 12 μm band, and was not sufficient as a radioactive material.

Therefore, the first object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of radioactive materials mainly composed of silicic acid or metal silicates, and to
The purpose is to improve the emissivity at micrometers or higher.

On the other hand, the single-sided radial surface shape used in tower kotatsu etc. also improves the insulation properties on the opposite side to reduce thermal space and reduce the input (power) to the heating element as much as possible. It needs to be converted into a lot of radiant energy.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the plane and the surface, and the line p in the figure shows the temperature distribution. In FIG. 11, 1 is a heating element,
2 and 3 are electrical insulators, 4 is a radiation surface, s#i insulation layer, 6
is the back plate. Now, if the amount of heat generated per unit area of the heating element 1 is q., q. is the sum of the amount of heat ql and ql from the radiation Ii4 and the back plate 6. Also, the heat radiation amount 91 of the radiation surface 4 is the sum of the radiation heat amount (br) and the heat radiation amount due to convection.Heat transfer coefficient island due to natural convection of a flat plate.It is expressed by an expansion formula.

・. =C(1・−1″)°°″“αIJ”0)−・・・
(8) Also, the heat transfer coefficient due to radiation of a flat plate is expressed by the following equation.

(s) * In equation (9), C is a constant, which is 111°s b (W/, ?"0) for the vertical flat plate, and α58 ["'/m'' ``0] for the lower surface of the horizontal flat plate. t, 214*@@a The temperature of the flat plate, ``aes8'' is room temperature, the capital letters are the supply temperature [@k], and the small letters are the temperature in degrees Celsius ('0).
where X represents the height and width of a vertical flat plate and the horizontal width of a horizontal flat plate.The thermal resistance r between the flat plate surface and the indoor air is expressed by the following equation.

, ,. +ay (i”%)・・・−・・・・−・・
...Secondly, the thermal resistance r due to the heat conduction of the insulator 2.3 and the heat insulating layer 5 is expressed by the following formula.

rs, 'Sat [i″%]・・・-・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・・・・・・・QυHere d is insulator 2,
5. The thickness of the heat insulating layer 5, etc., and b indicate its thermal conductivity.

Using equations (8) to (b) above, calculate the thermal resistance '1*'lls between the heating element 1, the radiation surface 4 and the back plate 6, and the thermal resistance between the radiation surface 4 and the back plate 6 and the indoor air. Thermal resistance 'alt'□ can be calculated#'t'' rBl 11g□
, rR-rMg''#!, the Qt-9g is expressed by the following formula.

rl ql”rtenr!Qe, q, wx W q, °°
-*+1++ OJi surface condition 8-0 heat transfer efficiency η-?
Then, η can be set by making rl small and rl large.

'at is (to) As is clear from the expression '(le ``r
1° is a constant value because it is determined by the surface temperature and width dimension. Also, it is determined by the arU emissivity C, which is at most 1, so in order to reduce rl, it is necessary to reduce %'ll. To Mr. Sue
As for 2, ra! Ha & o s Hatake, Niyo) Kaidaita,
”Since r is determined by S, set it to Oef
It can be made ar -0 and r proverbs can be made large. However, back plate 6
In the actual materials that make up the eel, there is a limit of up to fa-a@, and in order to make the snow larger, it is necessary to heat it up.

In addition, rllm is the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating layer 5,
You can set the thickness d8 to a certain level of heat resistance, but BL is a constant determined by the material and has a certain degree of heat resistance.

Substances as small as r do not exist in reality; in general, r H
> r am, so it is good to think that 'l is proportional to d.Therefore, in order to make r-rich very hot, the thickness of the insulation layer 5 is increased by 3h, but the thickness of the insulation layer 5 is 1d is thick (so it's a mori, and it's a plane! The overall thickness is thick, and it's not practical.

In addition, the amount of thermal evaluation increases, and the temperature start-up temperature deteriorates.

Therefore, we will consider how to set the value of 'Il*rsm(rs) to 1. Said Korean style), 1m Daegrat+rl, +r heavy, therefore, Yu L-engine (-!-!!-+1) reason... Ming...
(To) r&1 1-η rat Show. This FIG. 12 shows that as jst increases, the same η
This shows that rl, that is, the thickness d of the heat insulating layer 5, must be increased in proportion to Lπ in order to maintain 1.For example, if ``Vr @1■a5, , rlA, 1;
The thickness of the heat insulating layer would have to be increased by about 20% compared to α3. Incidentally, the radiation surface shown in JP-A No. 49-114131 is made of asbestos V-), but its thickness is 3 to 5111, which is i, so rst and rllhat ( (approximately α5) is large), which reduces the heat insulating effect of the heat insulating layer. Considering this point, in order to make the effectiveness of the insulation layer a blind spot,
1/r @1 a J'S '75 or less is preferable.

Therefore, the second object of the present invention is to make it possible for the heat insulating layer to fully exhibit its effect, convert the input to the heating element into more radiant energy, and obtain high heat transfer efficiency. If you do this, it will be on the right.

On the other hand, the 13th S with "4at I on the horizontal axis and η on the vertical axis,
As is clear from this Fig. 1s, 'm Therefore, as mentioned above, this r snow shows a proportional relationship d, and the great heat (and %'
Above 4*=2Q, the rate of improvement in η is extremely poor compared to the rate of increase in *dM, and it is difficult to understand that there is no increasing effect of s'z. ttqm company surface condition - 9th general surface condition and one that is considered to be a complete heat squirrel for J! Then, it is necessary to set Da≧901% for il-*L-, but since a futon is hung over the roof top, taking into account its heat-retaining effect,
Even if η≧80%, there is no problem from the thermoeconomic point of view, and if we also consider the point of heat, from Figure 1s, 'M/r @1 w
a. It is desirable to set the temperature between 5 and 2011 degrees.

Figures 14 to 18 show a hollow rack according to the present invention. In Figure 1, numeral 11 is a top plate configured in the shape of a square lattice frame, which is attached to the corner of the line drawing. is supported by nine legs 12. Reference numeral 13 denotes a plane -J attached to the lower surface of the top plate 11, which is constructed as follows. That is,
14 to 16 enlarged 1st to t1gB planar inorganic bodies, which are embedded and integrated between two assembled mechanical plates 17 and 18 that are electrical insulators. Collection! Squid board 17゜1
8 is manufactured by solidifying mica powder with a silicone finis and heating and drying it under pressure with a press.Heating element 1
4 to 16 lines In the manufacturing process of this assembled mica plate 17 and 18, both mica plates 1'7 and 1 are
Both mica plates are sandwiched between 8 and heat pressed.
7 and 18, and even if the heating elements 14 to 16 generate heat and the whole body warps when used in a dormitory, the state of close contact is maintained. Also, each heating element 1
4 to 16 are manufactured by etching or press punching ultrathin stainless steel plates of several tens of micrometers, and the heating elements 14 and 15 of #g1 and #52 are connected in series and the third Together with the heating element 16, it is connected in parallel to the power supply. Then, the third heating element 16 or the first heating element 16 is heated. By selecting the state in which the second heating elements 14 and 15 are energized and the state in which all the heating elements 14 to 16 are energized using a changeover switch, it is possible to switch the strength of the heating. te1
%Aru.

As described above, the heating elements 14 to 14F are arranged and fixed on one side of the outer frame 190 of -i in the form of a box, and the assembly is located on the outside! A radiation @20 is formed on the surface of the squid plate 17. On the remaining side of the outer frame 19, there is a back plate 2l-I.
After IX scissors III was used, a 6 m insulating layer 22) was formed between the back plate 21 and the laminated mica plate 1B. The inner periphery of the outer frame 19 has 7 temitsutatsutatsuaiper 7dμt) 1! A heat insulating material 2s is disposed inside the heat insulating material 2s), and an a/mi@2a is disposed inside the heat insulating layer 22 to divide the interior of the heat insulating layer 22 into a plurality of parts in the front and back directions.

Note that 25 is a protective guard.

The present inventor focused on improving the emissivity of radioactive materials, and focused on the fact that metal oxides generally have a good spectral emissivity in the infrared region. 'rio,), oxidized vμ suninum (!1iro,)
.

The spectral emissivity of each mixture of ammu oxide μR (mu1wos) and titanium oxide (TlO, ) is shown in Figures 19 to 2.
It is shown in Figure 2. In addition, in FIGS. 19 to 22, the horizontal axis represents the wave intensity, and the vertical axis represents the emissivity.

According to FIGS. 19 to 22, each metal oxide is
It can be seen that it has a high spectral emissivity from 2.5 to about 12 μm. In addition to each of the metal oxides listed below, the present inventor also discovered J oxide spaμ) (CGmm4・C010s)
Manganese dioxide (Mn02),
Composite oxide "YOa 5" is produced by calcining two or more metal oxides such as s) and iron oxide (1'@aoa) at approximately 1000°C or higher.
ChaY (XY) Oa Tof 4 To, 5~25
It was also found that the spectral emissivity in μm was even better. Note that X and Y are metal elements.

Therefore, the present inventor used three types of materials consisting of the components described below as the radiation materials forming the radiation surface 20. Note that the page fraction deviation is also expressed in weight %.

(1) Radiation material of connection 1 V silicone wax 60%, metal oxide 50%.

Itv evening 10%.

The above F9:l-face corresponds to a silicate compound, and the V-prize etc. bond -8i-0-8! The above-mentioned metal oxides consisting of -0-, such as manganese dioxide, talome oxide, and iron oxide, were calcined at about 1200°C to form Yakai oxide (Mu, re) (Or, re) 104. This is what I did. Furthermore, pw is a type of silicate mineral that is rounded to roughen the radiation surface and improve the radiation effect.

(IfJ connection 2 radioactive material silicic acid)! J? A (NalO, 8μ0.) 40%, metal oxide! So%, silicate compound 30%.

The metal oxide is similar to that of the first radiation material.

yb*s radioactive material 40% silica, 20% sand, 20% titanium oxide, part 4
20%.

The above-mentioned ingredients are a kind of moisture containing 50% silicic acid and 20% titanium oxide.

The spectral emissivity 1λ of the above-mentioned radiation substances of 1 to 5 is shown in Figures 2S to 26, and as is clear from Figures 23 to 25, the radiation of According to the material, the disadvantage of conventional radiation materials, that is, the shortcoming that ελ is extremely low in the wavelength range of 5 μm or less F and the band of 8 to 12 μm, can be overcome, and the wavelength of 25 to 5 μm and 8 to 12
The emissivity of the emitting surface 20 can be increased to approximately 80% or more in μm, and as a result, the gm can be chemotactic to a high value at wavelengths L of 5 μm or more, and the emissivity of the radiation surface 20 at wavelengths of 2.5 μm or more 1
can be improved.

Therefore, the wavelength of 15 μm is easily absorbed by the human body and its clothing.
Adjust the temperature of the radiation surface 20 to 500 to 600℃ so that the radiant energy ratio in all the above bands is about 90% or more.
For example, the temperature is set at 220°C. Then, as is clear from Figure 1, 90% of the blackbody's radiant energy μ is 15~2
5 μm, and the radiation surface 2 in this band
At a spectral emissivity of 0 and 1λhii, the emissivity ε itself is large (
The radiant energy μ from the p1 radiation surface 20 is larger than that of the conventional one using asbestos. However, since the radiation energy (μ) corresponds to the absorption coefficient (μ) of the human body and its clothing, the radiant energy μ is efficiently absorbed by the human body and clothing, improving heating efficiency.

In general, the Yagura ζ is placed on a pine (fiber fabric) spread on the floor. Compared to the lamp, the temperature of Matsu F increases by about 10℃, and the radiation
surface? ! ) Since the radiant energy of the duck is mainly radiated downward, less heat passes through the futon that covers the ζ and is lost, and the vertical 611 degree distribution is radiated from the mat at 112 degrees.
The average temperature within the ζ area increases, and the heating effect becomes even more pronounced.
This is shown in the experimental results. The horizontal axis in Figure 26 shows the temperature, and the vertical axis shows the height from the mat, the solid line represents the surface shape according to the present invention and -I, and the broken line represents the conventional infrared lamp. represents something.

On the other hand, the thickness of the 18 power plates is set to d1 = 1, and the insulation M
The thickness d and w of 22 are set to 4Qa. The thermal conductivity of mica plate 1B is b 1 m a 5 (''/ll'c),
Thermal conductivity of the heat insulating layer 22 αo 62 ('/sn”
0), and the emissivity g1-α in the radiation direction 20 (radiating material)
9. Radiation weight 5-aS of discipline board 18 (clothing). Using equations (8) to (2) to find the thermal resistance etc. at i, the following results are obtained.

ratx(LO515, r@, m(LOO2゜r＠x=
l1132. r@ Yuki Tomi α645
.

′ l″/ −(LO4, r snow/, at
m 1 5.

1 η”95.5°Also, instead of using a laminated mica board as an electrical insulator, the thickness ds
When using Wlmlm asbestos board, its thermal conductivity b
1 w o, 17 (-1℃) TetbJb Kab%
rll −α005 m'I'/r=cL'
and Naru et al. are above [:MC-t”1.

Furthermore, if asbestos paper with a thickness of dB = 1 am is used, the thermal conductivity is bIRα05 C”/-°C), so r1 =
0-0172 * rat/ra as! 0. ! iS
In the case of using ``T&LE'' imide, the Aspes is the same as the plate, but if the strength of the heat dissipation surface part is a problem, the wood, iron plate, etc. are coated with a radiant substance and the laminated ``mica plate 17'' is used. It is conceivable to overlap the electrical insulating material with a thin layer, but in this case, it is necessary to attach the iron plate etc. and the electrical insulating material with screws so that there is no air space between them.

In this way, the thermal resistance rst between the radiation surface 20 and the heating elements 14 to 16 is changed to the thermal resistance rat between the radiation surface 20 and the air.
Since it is set to approximately 1/s or less, the heat insulating effect of the heat insulating layer 22 can be made effective, and more radiant energy μ can be converted. Moreover, the thermal resistance rl of the heat insulating layer 22 is the radiation surface 2
Since the heat resistance layer 19 is set to 5 to 20 times the thermal resistance between air and air, the heat insulation layer 19 can sufficiently exhibit its heat insulation effect and exhibit high heat transfer efficiency 1 without making the thickness of the heat insulation layer 19 unnecessarily thick. It becomes like this. Therefore, without increasing the thickness of the heat insulating layer 22 so much, the thermal wjL can be kept low and the input to the heating elements 14 to 16 can be converted into more radiant energy μ. In fact, since the air layer between the back plate 21 and the futon placed over the top plate 11 also acts as a heat insulating layer, η is actually much better.

Considering that the air layer between the back plate and the top plate (futon) also acts as a heat insulating layer, the surface shape and -! It is considered that there is no need to make the insulation layer itself so severe in terms of breakability. FIG. 927 and FIG. 28 show a roof kotatsu that can use a planar heater constructed with this point in mind, and the planar heater 26 is constructed as follows. That is,
27 is iron term ribbon heater wire 27 & mica plate 27b
A radiation plate 3 is formed by sandwiching these between two mica plates 2g and 29 which are electrical insulators.
The heating element 27 and the radiation plate 30 are arranged and fixed in an outer frame 32 with a guard 25 attached to the lower surface. Ru. In this fixed state, the upper ! A heat insulating layer 5 made of an air layer is provided between the squid plate 28 and the back plate s8 of the outer frame 32.
4 is formed, and a reflective plate 35 is provided in the middle of this heat insulating layer 34.
The zero-plane heater 26 to which is attached is constructed as described above. Incidentally, the radiation plate 30 corresponding to the radiation surface on the lower surface of the planar heater 26 is formed of the same radiation material as described above. Even with this configuration, since the air layer between the back plate 33 and the top plate 11 also acts as a heat insulating layer, there is no significant difference in the heat insulating effect and there is no problem in practical use.

As explained above, since the present invention uses a planar mattress as a heat source, there is less heat escaping by directly passing through the kotatsu futon and less heat escaping by convection. In addition to making the temperature distribution uniform and increasing the average temperature, the emissivity of the radiation surface can be increased at wavelengths of 2.5 μm or more that are absorbed by the human body and its clothing, and as a result, the radiation energy μ from the radiation surface is reduced. 9, and its radiation spectrum p matches the absorption spectrum of the human body and its clothing, improving heating efficiency. The heat insulating effect of the heat insulating layer on the top of the flat heater can be fully exhibited, thermal interference can be suppressed, and the input to the heating element can be converted into more radiant energy μ.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The J1g1 diagram is the radiant energy μ characteristic diagram of a black body, the 2nd diagram is the radiant energy μ distribution characteristic diagram of the black body, the radiant characteristic diagram of asbestos is shown, and the agJ diagram is the radiation characteristic diagram of quartz. Figure 6 and Figure 6 are the spectral transmission characteristics of water and meat, respectively, Figure 7 and Figure 1g8 are the absorption characteristics of cotton and wool, respectively, Figure 9 and Figure 1810 are the spectral transmission characteristics of polyester μ and a7tate, respectively. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of a general planar heater.
Figure 12 Diagram related to heat expansion resistor, 1st! Figure i is a heat insulation characteristic diagram, and Figures 14 to 18 are a perspective view of a Yagurakotatsu, a partial vertical sectional view, a plan view of the surface, a cutaway view, and an enlarged view. 19 to 22 are spectral radiation characteristic diagrams of the harmful metal oxide; FIGS. 23 to 25 are spectral radiation characteristic diagrams of the radioactive substance according to the present invention; FIG. 26 is a temperature distribution diagram inside the kotatsu; 927 and 28 are a partial vertical sectional view and an exploded perspective view of a planar kotatsu showing another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 11FiX board, 13Fi surface shape and -! , 14 to 1
6 is a heating element, 17.18 is a laminated mica plate, 20 is a radiation surface, 22 is a heat insulating layer, 26 is a sheet heater, 27 is a heating element,
28.29 is mica board, 50Fi radiation plate (radiation surface), 5
4 is a heat insulating layer. Figure 2 Black a〼rIL(・o)□ 1PJ3 Zuwatari Yuu (μyyl)-1- Figure 4 Liquid head (voice (transformed)-TEPCO a-ear 7th 51!1 Wavelength (μyyl)→ Chapter Figure 6 Wavelength (Hmm → Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 0 Figure 12 3 1% 1-#, 13 Figure 7ra1" 14 Decoy 11 15 Figure 1 Mutual 2b Figure 19 Z Figure 21 Wave length (voice) → Figure n Through length C μm → Figure 3 Liquid length (, b ml groan! 24 Figure 24 Figure 24 A turtle J7- Atmosphere, illustration) -). 11.26 taayノ'0 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A plane and a layer are attached to the lower surface of the top plate supported by the legs, and the plane and the radial surface of the lower surface of -I are made of silicate metal. component, and this has a spectral emission wavelength band of 15
~5 μm and 10% by weight of one or more substances such as metal oxides having high i spectral emissivity at i of 8 to 1271111
A radiation surface is formed on the surface using the radiation material added above, and the emissivity of the radiation surface is set to 2.5 in the spectral radiation wavelength band.
It is characterized by having an i of about 80% or more between ~5 μm and 8-12 μm, and a distribution of spectral radiant energy μ from the radiation surface of about 90% or more over a spectral radiation wavelength of 2.5 μm or more. A kotatsu tower. 2. It is constructed by attaching a plane and -I to the lower surface of the top plate that can be supported by the legs, and the spectral radiant energy μ distribution from the plane and the radiation surface on the lower surface is calculated with a spectral radiation wave summary of 2.5 μm or more &y 90% or more, and the thermal resistance between the radiation surface and the heating element is approximately 14 times or less of the thermal resistance between the radiation surface and the air.