JPS58189574A - Two-dimensional array radiation detector and radiation photographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To detect radiation information with high performance and to form a picture, by executing the conversion to light and an electron, and acceleration, multiplication, etc. of a radiant ray, by a fluorescent body, a photoelectric body, a microchannel plate of two-dimensional array, a corresponding collector, etc., and outputting an electric signal corresponding to the radiant ray. CONSTITUTION:A radiant ray such as X-rays, etc., which transmits the human body, etc. is made incident to a fluorescent body 11 of a two-dimensional radiation detector 3, is converted to light, and also is converted to an electron by a photoelectric body 13. Said electron converted by high time resolution, having scarcely a noise is subjected to acceleration and multiplication by a microchannel plate 17 arrayed two-dimensionally by high space resolution in accordance with a picture element, an electric signal corresponding to the radiant ray is outputted from a corresponding collector 25, and the radiation information is detected with high performance. Also, when the outputted electric signal is processed by an information collector, a storage device, a picture processing device, etc., the radiation information from a body to be inspected can be formed to a picture which can be diagnosed easily.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention belongs to the technical field of radiographic apparatus. Devices For example, an X@film diagnostic device uses an X-ray tube to expose the subject to X11, which passes through the subject, and exposes the elifilm to the X11 that has passed through the subject, forming an X-ray transmission image on the film. Because the density resolution of the X-ray transmission image is low, the X-ray film diagnostic screen 11m [by X
It is difficult to distinguish minute differences between similar tissues in radiation absorption rate or minute differences between healthy tissue and a diseased area in a radiographic image. In addition, in the conventional X@Film diagnosis Wc wrinkle, since the dynamic range of the film is narrow, all of the transmission information of I can't. In other words, areas with high X@ transmittance are almost completely white and the X-ray fluoroscopic image is imprinted on the film, and areas with low Xl1I transmittance are almost completely white. As a result, the X-ray fluoroscopic image is imprinted on the film, so it is not possible to obtain an X4i fluoroscopic image that is easy to diagnose in subjects with greatly different X-ray transmittances in the - times of X-ray photography. Furthermore, since the film KX41 is formed through transmission, image processing such as self-enhancement, outline extraction, and subtraction cannot be performed, and mat useful for diagnosis cannot be obtained.

In addition, the conventional X@TV diagnostic device has a phosphor screen that converts X41 into the original, a charging surface that converts the original into electron, a grid that accelerates the electron, and a phosphor that accelerates and converts the good electron into the original. Image intensity 7fire (hereinafter referred to as I-1)
It is called. ), an image pickup tube that captures the output fluorescence image of 1.1 and outputs the full video signal, and a #i display device that displays the image on the CKr monitor that is connected to the video signal; cm of the display device
It is displayed as a visible image on a monitor. However, until the X41 transmission image is converted into an electrical signal, there are too many conversion processes such as X-ray → light → electron → original → electrical signal, and the SiW ratio of the electrical signal deteriorates, which in turn lowers the sensitivity. Furthermore, the characteristics of image pickup tubes are generally not good, such as narrow dynamic range, poor image ratio, and low spatial resolution. The early detection of cancer, etc., or the diagnosis of closure, stenosis, etc. of small blood vessels based on the visible 11K becomes difficult.

Furthermore, nuclear medicine diagnostic devices, such as gamma cameras, which are one type of radiological diagnosis, detect gamma 41t with a detector that has a phosphor and a photomultiplier tube to obtain, for example, a tomographic image. Due to the physical size of the multiplier tube, the spatial resolution is limited, and it is not possible to discriminate spatially small lesions, etc. in a single specimen. [Objective of the Invention] This invention was made in view of the above circumstances. and
A two-dimensional array radiation detector capable of detecting radiation information of a subject with a wide dynamic range, high concentration resolution, and high spatial resolution. It is an object of the present invention to provide a radiographic apparatus ft that can obtain radiation information of a subject ↓9 for easy diagnosis. An overview of radiation 4I
The phosphor that converts into phosphor and the yt emitted by the phosphor,
A photoelectric substance that emits electrons and the emission from the photoelectric substance; n-f
A plurality of two-dimensionally arranged microchannel plates that accelerate and multiply F-electrons, and a large number of collectors that input and output electric signals from an electronic warehouse that is accelerated and multiplied by the TFFI microchannel plate. In addition, a radiation generator that generates radiation i1, a phosphor that converts the radiation into Wt-element, and a charge that emits =9 electrons to ft, which the phosphor emits. A plurality of microchannel plates arranged in two dimensions accelerate and multiply the NFT electrons emitted from the photoelectric body, and the microchannel plate accelerates and multiplies the electrons and outputs an electric signal. a two-dimensional array radiation detector comprising a large number of collectors; a data collector that converts electrical signals output from the two-dimensional array radiation detector to collect image data;
iijgI storage device for storing data, image data extraction directly from the memory ring, image processing device for image processing, lj
A 1Ti14a display device that displays a visible image based on Igl data is equipped with a control panel to control each of the devices described above.

[Embodiments of the invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. IfIt.

A two-dimensional array radiation detector, which is an embodiment of the first invention according to this application, is constructed as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.

That is, 6 is a two-dimensional array radiation detector, in which detection elements are arranged in a two-dimensional array to detect radiation transmitted through an object, one for each detection element, and convert it into an electrical signal. is being completed. Then, the two-dimensional array n
Each detection element corresponds to one pixel, and the detection value for the radiation path incident on the aperture surface of each detection element becomes the #If value of each l1ii number. Furthermore, the dimensional array radiation detector 6 will be explained in detail. In FIG. 1, the reference numeral 9 indicates a radiation window made of a material that has high radiation transmittance and can withstand atmospheric pressure even when the inside of the two-dimensional radiation detector 6 is empty, such as aluminum or titanium. etc. formed by n, cylindrical @ vessel 1
It fits tightly into the opening of the radiation field of 0. Note that the cylindrical container 10 is made of a material that is non-conductive and can sufficiently withstand atmospheric pressure even when the inside of the container is emptied, such as glass;
The phosphor 11 is composed of ceramics, etc. and is indicated by 011, and this phosphor 11 is, for example,
Zn5t (?ai!'03 *Formed in a plate shape with Na1 etc. fl,, formed on the inner circumferential glue surface of the cylindrical container 10 t'
It is held and fixed on the L-order support part 12, and the incident radiation iIt is converted into an original. 16 is a charging body, and this charging body 13Fi, for example, 5hCp, BiAyC
It is held and fixed to the supporting part 14 formed on the inner surface 81# of the cylindrical copying device 10 in the form of a plate with Z, etc., and a conductive wire for making this charging body 16 a cando. 15 are connected to each other, and the electrons emitted by the phosphor 11 emit electrons.

In addition, the above-mentioned conductivity! ! 15 is pulled out from the cylindrical container 10 and connected to an electric circuit 16 to be described later.The reference numeral 017 indicates a microchannel plate, which is made of ceramics, glass, etc. as shown in Figure 42. The inner circumferential surface of the tube has a length of 11ft! 17. A secondary electron surface that amplifies the secondary electrons by emitting secondary electrons using the primary electrons manually applied from the aperture. For example, f is 5bCz, A! ihIg
, CwJJ-, etc. Sara K.

The microchannel plate 17t-t, as shown in FIG. The pair of electrode plates 18 and 19Fi are held by support members 20 and 21 formed on the inner circumferential glue surface of the cylindrical container 10. It is connected to a high voltage application device I (power supply) 24 through conductors 1122 and 23. Reference numeral 25 is a collector, and the microchannel plate arranged at 19 is The output from the micro channel grate 17 is arranged corresponding to the lower end opening of the microchannel grate 17
The bottom plate shown by 026 is a bottom plate that fits tightly into the lower opening of the cylindrical container 10 and is made of a non-conductive material to fix the plurality of collectors 25, and Electrical minutes between each collector 25! 11 is a signal line indicated by o27, which is connected to each collector 25L.
The electric signal outputted from the input signal is inputted to the electric circuit 16. Note that if the n-ratio signal connected to each of the collectors 25 connected to the collectors 25 is drawn out as it is, it will form a tuft, making it difficult to connect by soldering, etc. Therefore, an elegant signal line separator shown in Fig. 2 is used. 28 is preferably separated into signal lines 27 using, for example, a printed wiring board. The electric circuit 16 is
It is configured to apply a voltage to the charging body 15, apply a voltage so as to extract the good electrons collected in each collector 25 as an electric signal, and output the extracted electric signal to the data collector. There is. Note that it is preferable that the two-dimensional array radiation detector 317' configured as described above be kept in a vacuum.

Next, the invention of W42 according to this application, that is, the first invention, two-dimensional array radiation 4! ! Radiation using a detector 11
An embodiment of the shooting W&N will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

In other words, the radiation generator 1 is equipped with a mechanism that can adjust the radiation intensity and adjust the radiation field to the subject, for example, the patient. It is configured in an area that can emit radiation to 2, 4I, for example, X4#. Reference numeral 6 indicates a two-dimensional array radiation detector having the configuration described in detail above, and is arranged at 15 facing the radiation generator 1 with the subject 2t interposed therebetween. Indicated by 4. ii
It is a data collector, which integrates the electric signal output from each detection element L9 in the radiation detector 3 for a predetermined time, collects it as data by a method such as double integration that discharges a constant current through the rt, and converts it into a digital signal. J5KIl is being formed. Therefore, by this data collector 4, an analog signal corresponding to the number of transmitted radiation quanta of the subject 2 detected by the radiation 4I detector 3 is converted into a digital signal. ti:li, has a large number of frame memories, and has the data collector 4.
The output digital signal (Lt) is stored in the frame memory as radiation 1ml transmission information, and the fIk
It is configured to store the rt-th image processed by the J image processing device. Reference numeral 6 denotes a liliIgl processing device, which generates one or more images of radiation transmission information stored in the transmission information recording device WIL 5, performs conversion, addition, Image processing such as subtraction, contour extraction, and enhancement is performed, and the processed 1iil image data ti! !
It is configured to be output to and stored in the excessive information storage &&5. 7 is an image display device, which displays the image data li-D/f stored in the transparent information storage device i15.
The image is A-converted and displayed as a visible image on a CRI' monitor. Also, #'1CP shown by 8
The control console for all 1 CPU controls the radiation exposure timing, intensity,
Controls the entire irradiation field, etc., controls the data collection timing, etc. for the data collector, - controls the tiiiir image processing method, its timing, etc. for the image processing device 116, and controls the image display timing for the image display device wL7. It is composed of devices to control etc.

Next, the number of two-dimensional arrays with the above configuration! The operation of the FJ-ray detector and the radiological diagnosis using it will be explained.

First, when the radiation irradiation conditions, image acquisition conditions, image processing method, image display method, etc. are selected using the control console 8, the condition setting parameters are selected from the table stored in advance in the built-in CPU. Output n, control console 8 to radiation generator 1, data collector 4, l! iIgI! Process *rx6, sends condition setting parameters to the RLI image display device 7, and sets t for each of the devices. When a radiation start signal is input from the control console 8 to the radiation generator 1, the radiation generator 1 generates radiation 1lit and radiates it to the subject 2. The radiation 41 that has passed through the subject 2 has a radiation intensity and energy distribution f according to the radiation transmittance of each part of the subject 2.
Object transmission information used as a harameter [Includes]

The transmitted radiation Ii is incident on the phosphor 11 in the two-dimensional array radiation detector 6 and is converted into a signal containing object transmission information.

In the two-dimensional array radiation detector 6, the converted light is converted into electrons corresponding to the original amount of light that enters the charged body 16, and is emitted from the charged body 13 toward the microchannel grate 17. The electrons input to the microchannel grating 17 are accelerated by the electrode plates 18 and 19 arranged opposite to each other and the high voltage application device 1124, and are multiplied in multiple stages by the secondary electron surface 17AKzp. It reaches the collector 25 and is collected. Then, the electrons collected by each collector 25 are converted into electrical signals and output to the data collector 4 for each collector 25. In this case, each collector 25 or each microchannel grid 17 is connected to each pixel. The electrical signal output from each collector 25 corresponds to #11tL of each pixel as radiation transmission information. After each electrical signal input to the data collector 4 is ω-converted,
Each image is stored as image data in a 7-frame memory in the transmission information storage device 5. The salary data in the transparent information storage device *5 is sequentially read from 111g1 to 111&[6, and ms processing such as 111f conversion is not performed.n1 The image data after image processing is output to the transparent information storage device 15.n1 remember n
Then, the image data before ljgII processing or #
*place! His image data emerges from the transparent information storage device 5, undergoes nSD/A conversion, is processed into a control signal from the control console 8, and is displayed as a visible image on the image display device 7.
An image is displayed on the monitor.

In addition, the image display device a7 has two display modes 1, and the test results [19, which can be immediately determined,
The image can be displayed immediately according to the image acquisition conditions, and can also be displayed immediately after the examination so that the image can be interpreted with sufficient time after the examination is completed.

Although one embodiment of this invention has been described in detail above, this invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified and applied as appropriate within the scope of the gist of this invention. Needless to say.

Although the embodiment of the second invention was a radiological diagnostic device,
As long as it has a similar configuration, even an industrial radiation inspection device can be used. [Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.

■Since the number of radiation quantum passing through the object is converted in the order of 1 radiation → light → electrical signal, there is less noise,
The entire processing time can be reduced by tffl, and the display i! !
It is possible to display not only static ImgI but also moving images. In other words, the time resolution and immediacy are high. Also,
Since image processing can be performed on electrical signals, it is possible to display lesions that cannot be seen in Fi&i1 due to the characteristics of the observer's eyes as fcIi* according to the characteristics of the observer's eyes, making diagnosis and testing easier. .

■Since a microchannel plate is used in the two-dimensional array radiation detector, the radiation incident area per detection element can be reduced, thereby achieving high spatial resolution.

(2) Also, since microchannel plates have a wide dynamic range, they can be displayed with high resolution. Therefore, in the case of open cut #111, it is easy to detect microscopic lesions such as early cancer or narrow blood vessel stenosis or occlusion, which have only a slight difference in density from the background.
1i image. Therefore, this invention is a medically and clinically very useful diagnostic fi! FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the microchannel plate in the above embodiment, and FIG. 3 shows the electrode plate in the above embodiment. Microchannel plates arranged in [Top view, bottom view, and
Figure 44 shows one embodiment of the present invention: 4...data collector, 5...memory i! IIC transparent information storage device I)
, 6... Paint processing device, 7...-I display al
l, 8... Control console, 11... Fluorescent material, 16... Photoelectric material, 17... Micro channel grate, 25... Collector O agent Patent attorney Kensuke Chika (and 1 other person) )453

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A phosphor that converts radiation into particles, a charged body that emits electrons emitted by the phosphor, and a charged body that emits electrons emitted from the charged body.
a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged microchannel plates that accelerate and multiply the electrons accelerated and multiplied by the microchannel plates; and a large number of collectors that input the electrons accelerated and multiplied by the microchannel plates and output electrical signals. A two-dimensional array radiation detector with a special pattern. (2) Radiation generator that generates radiation sound, radiation @ Kf
A charged body that emits artificial electrons from the phosphor, and a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged microchannel plates that accelerate and multiply the electrons emitted from the charged body. and a large number of collectors that manually output the electrons accelerated and multiplied by the microchannel plate, and four electrical signals outputted from the two-dimensional array radiation detector. 'D conversion and image data [data collector to collect, memory to store image data Ve11.
Radiation 4, characterized in that it is equipped with an image processing device for image processing, a ms display device for displaying visible light based on image data, and a control console for controlling each of the devices. ! Photography equipment.