JPS58182398A - Magnetic bone conduction and eardrum oscillation microphone in common use of transmission and reception - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To attain the reproduction of natural sound and common use of transmission and reception, by picking up high frequency sound of bone conduction and low frequency sound of eardrum oscillation at the same time. CONSTITUTION:A space formed with a main body case 11 and a diaphragm 14 is formed as air-tightness, and an acoustic pipe 23 is fitted. In using the microphone, an outer skin contact chip 16 contacts the surface of a living body and an ear chip 24 is inserted an ear hole. The oscillation of the surface of the living body is delivered to the diaphragm 14 via the chip 16. In this case, since the mechanical impedance of the system including the diaphragm 14 is selected to be matched with the synthetic impedance of the living body, the low frequencies are subject to high attenuation rather than the high frequencies. Further, the bone conduction sound includes much high frequency compoents. The sound of the eardrum having low frequency components passes through the pipe 23 and reaches the diaphragm 14. Thus, the oscillation of high and low frequencies is delivered to the diaphragm 14. In case using the microphone as a transmitter, a moving coil 17 oscillates the diaphragm 14 with electric signals and the sound is delivered to the pipe 23 and the eardrum. Further, it is delivered to the surface of the living body via the chip 16.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electromagnetic bone conduction/tympanic membrane vibration sound microphone for transmitting and receiving speech that is particularly effective under high noise conditions.

Direct type and acceleration type are known as conventional electromagnetic bone conduction sound microphones. FIG. 1 shows an example of a direct type electromagnetic bone conduction sound microphone. In the figure, 1 is a magnetic core,
2 is a power generation coil, and 3 is a permanent magnet. Further, 4 is a suspension, 5 is a screw, 6 is a diaphragm made of a magnetic material, and 7
is a skin contact tip. As is clear from the figure, the suspension 4 is attached to the frame of the magnetic core 1 with screws 5, and a diaphragm 6 and a skin contact tip 7 are fixed to the suspension 4.

In a microphone with such a configuration, bone conduction sound C
When the surface of the living body vibrates, this vibration is directly transmitted to the skin contact tip 7 and the diaphragm 6, where it is converted into an electrical signal. Therefore, there is an advantage that bone conduction sound can be picked up efficiently. However, it has the disadvantage that the operating point changes easily when the pressure applied to the surface of the living body changes.

As a countermeasure for this, if the rigidity of the suspension 4 is set to a certain value, the vibration system consisting of the suspension 4, the diaphragm 6, and the skin contact tip 7 will respond to high frequency components of bone-conducted sound, but will respond to low frequency components. It becomes difficult to do. For this reason, the pickups 8t1 and 8tf lack low frequency components due to the use of the cylindrical microphone, resulting in an unnatural blue color.

Next, an example of a conventional acceleration type electromagnetic bone conduction sound microphone will be explained with reference to FIG. In Figure ζ, 8 is a main body case, and 9 is a lid attached to the main body case 8 with screws. Reference numeral 10 denotes a diaphragm whose central portion is firmly attached to the central portion of the suspension 4, which has extremely high rigidity. A diaphragm 6 made of a magnetic material is fixed to the center of the diaphragm IO, and a magnetic core 1 is attached to the periphery of the diaphragm 6. A power generating coil 2 and a permanent magnet 3 are fixed to the magnetic core 1.

In the acceleration type bone conduction sound microphone configured as described above, when the biological surface vibrates in response to bone conduction sound, the biological fR
The entire main body case 8 attached to the surface vibrates in response to the vibration. When the main body case 8 vibrates, this vibration causes the diaphragm 6 to vibrate through the suspension 4. At this time,
The magnetic core 1, the generator coil 2, and the permanent magnet 3 have a small mass and a large moment of inertia, so they do not move, and the diaphragm 1
Only 0 vibrates. Therefore, the distance between the diaphragm 6 and the convex portion of the magnetic core 1 changes, and the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit changes, so that bone conduction sound is converted into an electrical signal.

This type of microphone has the advantage that its operating point hardly changes even if the pressure applied to the living body changes. However, in this microphone, the diaphragm 10 is designed to set the resonance point in the high range in order to make it easy to detect high frequency components, so low frequency components are largely absent, making it difficult to pick up natural sounds. The downside was that we didn't meet at the same time.

Further, conventional bone conduction electromagnetic electroacoustic transducers are only used for sending and receiving calls, and there is no device that can be used for both sending and receiving calls.

The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional device, and to make it possible to simultaneously pick up high-frequency sounds from bone conduction and low-range sounds from eardrum vibration, thereby expanding the range of sounds that can be picked up and reproducing natural sounds. To provide an electro-A-type bone conduction/I-membrane vibration sound microphone capable of both transmitting and receiving calls, and which does not pick up 1711 sounds when used under extremely high noise conditions. .

The present invention is characterized by a diaphragm to which vibrations on the surface of the living body are mechanically transmitted, and an air path formed by the diaphragm and the airtight case. ! It is equipped with a continuous sound conduit and an ear tip installed at the tip of the sound conduit, and can mix and pick up bone conduction sound on the biological surface and eardrum vibration sound with a single diaphragm, and can also receive calls. That's the point.

The present invention will be explained below using examples. FIG. 13 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 11 is the main body case, 12 is the lid fixed to the main body case 11 by screws 13, 14 is the diaphragm that was stuck between the main body case 11 and It 12, and 15 is the head of which is almost the same as the diaphragm 14. A mounting screw 16 is fixed to the center by adhesive or the like, a skin contact tip 16 is fixed to the mounting screw 15 by screwing, and 17 is a movable coil fixed to the opposite side of the diaphragm 14 from the skin contact tip 16. . Further, 18 is a mounting member having a plurality of air holes 19;
20 is a permanent magnet fixed to the mounting member 18; 211;
He has a brilliant mind. Furthermore, the 8t space formed by the main body case 11 and the diaphragm 14 has an airtight structure, and the air hole 22 of the main body case 11 has a sound conduit 23.
A one-ear tip 24 is provided at the tip of the sound guide tube 23. A damper 25 made of a sponge or the like is inserted between the diaphragm 14 and #i12. 26 is a lead wire.

Here, the sound guide tube 23 is made of a soft material whose volume does not easily change even when deformed, such as a pipe made of vinyl or silicone resin in which a helical coil made of metal is embedded. The diaphragm 14 is made of a metal plate or resin film with concentric irregularities so as to be able to sensitively detect vibrations. It is made to be strong enough that the operating point does not change due to force.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. First, when using the microphone i'i of this embodiment, the skin contact tip 16 is brought into pressure contact with the surface of a living body, and the ear tip 24 is inserted into the ear canal. Now, assuming that the bone conduction sound is transmitted through the bones and subcutaneous tissue, the living body surface vibrates due to the cough bone conduction sound 7, and this vibration is transmitted to the diaphragm 14 through the skin contact tip 16. At this time, diaphragm 14
The mechanical impedance of the system including the mounting screw 15 and the skin contact tip 16 is selected to match the composite impedance of the bone, subcutaneous tissue, and living body during pressure contact in order to improve the efficiency of picking up bone conduction sound. Because of this, the low frequency range of the bone conduction cap is subject to greater attenuation than the high frequency range. Furthermore, bone conduction sound contains more high-frequency components than low-frequency components. Therefore, the vibrations that enter the diaphragm 14 through the skin contact tip 16 have a high proportion of high frequency components of bone conduction sound.

On the other hand, the eardrum in the ear is vibrated directly by the amount of air in the oral cavity through the Eustachian tube or the like. Since the eardrum has a low mechanical impedance, the sound picked up by the eardrum has a low-frequency component that bone conduction sound does not have. Therefore, the low frequency components of the sound propagate into the main body case 11 through the sound conduit 23, and are applied to the diaphragm 14 through a plurality of air holes 19 provided roughly in the mounting member 18.

Therefore, the diaphragm 14 inputs the high frequency components of the bone conduction sound through the skin contact tip 16, and the low frequency components through the sound pipe 23, so the diaphragm 14 inputs the high frequency components of the bone conduction sound and the am vibration. Produces vibrations including low frequencies.

Therefore, the band to be picked up can be expanded, and more natural sounds can be converted into electrical signals.

Incidentally, the results of -I determination conducted by the present inventors will be explained with reference to FIG. Figure 4 (a) shows the audio waveform when picking up the audio [A, ENG, I, O, TSJ] with a normal condenser microphone. In addition, when the sound pipe 23 in Fig. 3 is not used, that is, the outer skin contact tip 1 is shown in Fig. 3(b).
The same figure (a) when picking up bone conduction sound only from 6
The audio waveform of the same voice as l, the same figure (e) + is the above f
Contrary to BL, when the ear tip 24 is inserted into the ear canal and the sound is picked up only from the sound conduit 23, the sound "A...
FIG. 2D shows the sound waveform when bone conduction sound is picked up from both the skin contact tip 16 and the ear tip 24.

If you compare Figure 4 (distance, lb) and (el, (d)), the audio waveform when the bone conduction sound is picked up from both the skin contact tip 16 and the ear tip 24 is as follows.
It is clear that this is similar to the audio waveform of a condenser microphone. Therefore, the microphone of this embodiment is able to pick up more natural sounds.

The above explanation is for the case where the microphone of this embodiment is used as a transmitter, but next, the operation when it is used as a receiver will be explained.

The electric wire is connected to the moving coil 17 through the lead wire 26.
When transmitted, the diaphragm 14 vibrates with the same force as a normal speaker. Air vibrations then occur, which are transmitted to the sound conduit 23 and the eardrum in the ear via several air holes 19 drilled in the support member 18.

Further, when the diaphragm 14 vibrates, this vibration is transmitted to the living body surface 1IK with a pressure of 4118tt via the skin contact tip 16, and is transmitted to the bone tissue at 66. Therefore, sound can be sensed from both the eardrum and bone tissue. In addition,
People who work under noisy conditions often develop conductive hearing loss over a long period of time, and the average person's hearing loss is between 20 and 40 d.
B: Seed sensitivity is often reduced. For such people with disabilities, receiving calls using bone conduction sound is effective.

According to the transmitting/receiving microphone of this embodiment, the mechanical impedance of the diaphragm 14 is much larger than that of air, so air sound from the outside is reflected. As mentioned above, it is made of vinyl or silicone resin with a metal helical coil embedded in it, so air noise from the outside is absorbed by the F4 pipe 2.
3, enters the main body case 11 and separates. Therefore, even if the microphone of this embodiment is used under high noise conditions, almost no noise will be picked up.

Furthermore, since the sound pipe is made of the above-mentioned material, the transmission of the ms sound from the main body case 11 within the sound pipe 23 is attenuated by 8. Also, diaphragm 14 and @it
Since the damper 25 is provided between the mosquito body case 11 and the mosquito body case 11, the diaphragm 14 is prevented from vibrating due to the impact sound of the mosquito body case 11. Therefore, it can be seen that the microphone of this embodiment is resistant to impact noise from the main body case.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

This embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that a movable iron piece 27 is attached to the center S of the diaphragm 14, and the power generation image am coil z8 is exclusively fixed to the magnetic core 21, and the other parts are the same. For a reason. Furthermore, the effects of this embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment.

Figure 1s6 shows an sI3 embodiment of the invention. This implementation fl
The first embodiment shown in ft and 3rd is an electric bone conduction bone conduction/tympanic membrane vibration plaster microphone that can be used for both direct transmission and reception, whereas the microphone with acceleration different from.

In FIG. 6, 31 is an external main body case, 3! is a bond, 3
3 is a screw, 34 is a suspension made of a metal plate such as an extremely rigid chicken iron plate sandwiched between the outer body r-s 31 and 1k32, 35 is a screw, and 36 is the central part of the suspension and the screw 35.
A diaphragm is connected to the center of the suspension 34 by fixing the head of the suspension 34 with adhesive or the like, 37 is an internal gamma-base, and 38 is a sound guide connection with a flexible structure made of the same material as the sound guide tube 23. Showing the tube. Further, symbols other than these indicate the same as or equivalent to those of No. 311I.

Here, the diaphragm 36 is formed of a resin film having concentric irregularities. For this reason, diaphragm 36
The movable coil 17 attached to the permanent monument 20o and the magnetic core 21 has a structure that allows it to move easily and does not have a specific strong resonance point.

Now, when in use, the lid 32 is pressed against the surface of the living body.
, the ear tip 24 is inserted into the ear.

Bone conduction sound - When transmitted through the bone tissue, the biological surface vibrates in response to the bone conduction sound, causing the lid 32id and the external body γ
- The base 31 vibrates in response to the vibration tC of the surface of the living body. Also,
Since the rigidity of the suspension 34 is extremely high, the suspension 34 also has fI32 and external body diameter 31.
do the same movement. However, the power generation mechanism held within the inner case 37 supported by the diaphragm 381 has a large mass and a large moment of inertia, and therefore does not move regardless of vibrations on the surface of the body. Therefore, the movable coil 17 vibrates between the permanent stone 20 and the convex portion of the magnetic core 21 in accordance with the bone conduction sound, and an electrical signal is output to the lead wire 26 gt. Pick up 8 tons from such biological surfaces
Furthermore, as mentioned above, since the resonance point of the diaphragm is set at a high frequency range to improve clarity, the low frequency range of the sound is greatly attenuated.

On the other hand, from the ear tip 24, the sound taken from the eardrum is input. As explained in the first embodiment, the sound taken from the eardrum has many low-frequency components.

Therefore, in the diaphragm 36, the high-frequency component of the bone-conducted sound taken from the surface of the living body and the low-frequency component taken from the eardrum are combined, making it possible to pick up natural sounds.

When the microphone of this embodiment is used as a telephone receiver, the electrical signal of the voice is transmitted from the lead wire 26 to the one-way coil 17.
Enter. Then, the suspension 34 and the case 31 vibrate, and at the same time, the permanent magnet 20, the magnetic core 21, and the internal γ-space 37 vibrate. For this reason, internal case 3
7 The air inside vibrates, and this air vibration is transmitted to the sound guide connecting pipe 38.
It passes through the sound conduit 23 and reaches the eardrum. In this way, it can also be used as a telephone receiver.

The microphone of this embodiment has an advantage over the microphones of the first and second embodiments in that its operating point does not change at all. Note that other effects are the same as in the first edict and the second embodiment.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

This embodiment is a compromise between the direct lid of the first embodiment and the acceleration cover of the third embodiment, and can be called an acceleration/direct combination type. In the figure, 34' is a suspension, 39 is a lid attached to the outer main body case 31K by screws 33, and other symbols are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. 6.

Here, the suspension 34' is made of metal @34m, as shown in Figure @8, and has a punched part 34b whose center part has a sufficient stroke with respect to the open side part.
It consists of 8rl. In addition, multiple screw insertion holes 34@ are formed in the metal 1 [34m].

As the metal plate 14, a metal plate with high rigidity, for example, a phosphor steel plate is used.

When using the microphone of this embodiment, the outer skin contact tip 16 is pressed against the surface of the living body, and the ear tip 2 is pressed against the surface of the living body.
4 is inserted into the ear canal. The high frequency component of bone conduction sound is
As is clear from the description of the first embodiment, the signal is transmitted to the diaphragm 36 via the skin contact tip 16. On the other hand, low-frequency components of bone-conducted sound are transmitted from the ear tip 24 to the sound conduit 23. It is transmitted to the diaphragm 36 via the f-conducting connecting pipe 38. Therefore, the lead wire 26 outputs a more natural sound pickup signal including the high range of bone conduction sound and the low range of eardrum vibration.

The first point is that the microphone of this embodiment can be used as a telephone receiver. This will be clear if you refer to the explanation of the third dormitory example.

As mentioned above, this microphone is a hybrid of the direct type and the accelerated type, so it has the advantages of both. That is,
It has the advantage of being able to efficiently pick up bone conduction sound, which the direct type has, and the advantage that the operating point does not change. Note that other than these advantages, this embodiment has the same effects as those described in the 1sl embodiment.

Above 3rd. 41st! The example has been explained using a moving coil as the power generation mechanism, but in the second example! It is clear that the power generation mechanism shown in the example, ie, the power generation mechanism using a moving iron piece sound, may be used.

As described above, according to the present invention, the low-frequency component of bone conduction sound is taken from the ear tip inserted into the ear hole, and stiffness is added to the diaphragm, so compared to the conventional electromagnetic bone conduction sound microphone, You can pick up calls more naturally, and it can also be used as a telephone receiver, which is very convenient. Even if you run under high noise, it doesn't pick up outside noise, so 8/N is a good stone for tournaments, and it has the effect of not having to worry about knowing.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 111 shows the new am of the conventional direct*si electric bone conduction sound microphone, No. 21 I shows the #wllll of the conventional acceleration microphone, and No. 1.2, 3.4 of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows an audio waveform for explaining the effects of the first embodiment, and FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the suspension. 14.36... Diaphragm, 16... Outer skin contact tip, 17... Moving coil, 20... Permanent magnet, 2
1... Magnetic core, 23... Sound conduit, 24... Ear tip, 27... Movable iron piece, 28... Power generation and excitation coil, 34.34'... Suspension, 38...
F-consolidated management representative patent attorney Michi Hiraki 1 non-person 0%, 1lllll $21! ! jya3I
Man 5I 21 Fishing 7I

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) A diaphragm to which vibrations on the surface of a living body are mechanically transmitted, a power generation mechanism disposed opposite to the diaphragm, the diaphragm, and gI4. Equipped with an 8-wata sound conduit connected to the air path formed by the @ structure case, and an ear tip provided at the tip of the cough sound conduit, bone conduction sound on the biological surface and eardrum vibration that is detected in a sealed manner in the external auditory canal. This electromagnetic bone conduction/tympanic membrane vibration sound microphone for both transmitting and receiving calls has a 4I feature that mixes both with a single diaphragm and can receive calls as a bone conduction receiver and earphones as well as a pickup. (2) A patented electromagnetic bone conduction/tympanic membrane vibration sound microphone characterized in that vibrations on the surface of a living body are directly transmitted to the diaphragm through an outer skin contact tip. (3) Electromagnetic bone conduction type for both transmitting and receiving calls according to claim 1, characterized in that vibrations on the surface of the living body are likely to be transmitted to the diaphragm through the external main body case and the suspension.・Eardrum vibration sound microphone. {4} The electromagnetic bone conduction device for both transmitting and receiving functions as set forth in claim II, characterized in that vibrations on the surface of the living body are transmitted to the diaphragm through the outer skin contact tip and the suspension 1. Eardrum I! l6f microphone. (5) It is assumed that the Oki-Kaka electric mechanism consists of a moving coil identified by the diamond 7 ram, a magnetic core placed opposite the Isamacho moving coil, and a permanent foundation stone - Scope of Claims An electromagnetic bone conduction/tympanic membrane vibration sound microphone for both transmitting and receiving calls as described in any one of Items 1 to 4. (6) The patented Isuwakani characterized in that the power generation mechanism is comprised of a movable iron piece fixed to the diaphragm, a magnetic core, a permanent magnet, and a power generation/excitation coil arranged opposite to the movable iron piece. Electromagnetic bone conduction type for both transmitting and receiving as described.
Eardrum vibration sound microphone.