JPS58145849A - Heat collection and storage capsule - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the radiation loss from the outside surface of a hermetically closed vessel by a structure wherein heat storage material by latent heat is packed in the closed vessel formed of light-transmitting material and yet a sheet and/or bar type absorbing with blackened surface is attached in the closed vessel. CONSTITUTION:The heat storage material by latent heat 2 such as polyethylene glycol is packed in the closed vessel 1 formed out of light-transmitting material such as polymethyl methacrylate-type resin and yet the sheet and/or bar absorber 3 such as copper with blackened surface is attached in the closed vessel 1. When the vessel 1 is irradiated with light, the light transmits at first the wall of the vessel 1 and then the heat storage material by latent heat 2 and, after that, is absorbed and collected with the absorber 3. Consequently, the temperature of the absorber 3 becomes high, resulting in melting the heat storage material by latent heat 2 and at the same time producing the distribution of temperature which gradually lowers from the absorber 3 inside the vessel 1 toward the wall of the vessel 1. As a result, the radiation loss from the outside surface of the vessel 1 is reduced, resulting in improving the heat collection efficiency.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a heat collection/storage capsule, and more particularly to a solar energy collection/storage capsule with less heat radiation loss to the outside and high heat collection efficiency.

Conventionally, when collecting and storing heat directly from the sun, a latent heat storage material is filled in a container with a black surface to form a heat collection and storage capsule. In such a heat collection and storage capsule, when the container is cylindrical, as shown in Figure 1, when the heat is collected from the sunlight incident in the direction of arrow a in the figure, the black container Oυ The temperature distribution is such that the wall of the container is at its highest temperature and the temperature decreases towards the inside of the container.

Therefore, even if heat is collected on the black surface, the amount of heat released outward from the black surface is large, so the heat cannot be efficiently stored in the latent heat storage material inside the container, and the heat collection efficiency is low as a heat collection and storage capsule. I had no choice but to do so.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points. Therefore, the present invention provides a heat collecting material in which a latent heat storage material (2) is filled in a closed container (1) made of a material that can transmit light, and a plate-like, rod-like, or a combination thereof with a black surface is used. This is a heat collection and storage capsule characterized by having a body (3) inside.

The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. Second
The figure is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of the heat collection and storage capsule according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, (1) is a closed container, and this closed container (1) is made of a material that can transmit light. (2) is a latent heat storage material, (3) is a heat collector, (
(b) is an end plate, and (b) is a screw-in plug that is screwed into the injection port for injecting the latent heat storage material drilled in the end plate to seal the container. Moreover, 0 is a fixing protrusion provided on the end plate (b) to hold and fix the heat collector (3). Thus, the cylindrical body and the end plate are firmly bonded, and the end plate and the heat collector are also firmly bonded. In this way, the latent heat storage material is sealed so as not to leak from the closed container. The light-transmissive material forming the airtight container (1) preferably has a high light transmittance, and materials with a light transmittance of 06 or higher have achieved good results.
1 is particularly preferred. In addition, since the latent heat storage material is filled, it is desirable to use a material that has excellent moisture and moisture repellency. In addition, it has light resistance due to repeated heat collection and storage due to solar radiation, and thermal history due to repeated heat collection and heat dissipation.
It is preferable to use a material that has a strength that can withstand changes in pressure or stress caused by expansion and contraction of the latent heat storage material. Suitable examples of such materials include lylonitrile-styrene copolymer resins, polycarbonate resins, and copolymer resins obtained by copolymerizing methacrylic acid esters and 1,000-alkenyl aromatic monomers. Additionally, glass can also be used as a material for airtight containers; however, for the purposes of the present invention, in order to withstand expansion and contraction, the above-mentioned materials must be used in order to improve properties such as water, water vapor, clear properties, light transmittance, and light resistance strength. In addition to the above materials, it may also be formed of a multilayered laminated material in which two or more types of materials with various characteristics are laminated.

In addition, as the plate-shaped and/or rod-shaped heat collector with a black surface in the present invention, for example, a metal whose surface is painted black by painting or the like is preferably used. Metals include copper,
Many materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, and duralumin can be used. When metal is used as the material for the heat collector, the heat collected on the black surface is easily transferred to the back surface of the heat collector, which is preferable from the viewpoint of heat collection efficiency of the heat collection and storage capsule. The black paint used in the painting process is preferably one with excellent weather resistance, such as organic paints such as urethane resin paints, acrylic resin paints, and fluororesin paints, as well as composite silicates and composite phosphorus paints. Acid salt-based inorganic paints can also be suitably used. Among these types of paints, matte paints containing inorganic pigments such as carzen black and metal oxides such as oxidized steel are particularly preferred as black pigments. Further, resins kneaded with black pigments such as carzene, such as polyethylene, are also preferably used.

Further, as the latent heat storage material in the present invention, for example, one having a melting temperature in the range of 10 to 80°C can be suitably used,
Those with a melting temperature of 20 to 60°C are easy to use. Also, it is desirable that the material has good light transmittance. Examples of such latent heat storage materials include calcium chloride hexahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, polyethylene glyfur, and magnesium nitrate. Eutectic mixtures such as ammonium nitrate eutectics can also be used.

When the heat storage capsule shown in FIG. 2 is irradiated with sunlight, the light first passes through the wall of the closed container and the latent heat storage material, and then is absorbed and collected by the heat collector (3). As a result, the heat collector (3) reaches a high temperature and melts the latent heat storage material (2).

In this case, the heat collector (3) is housed inside the closed container (1), so as shown in FIG. 3, the temperature near the heat collector (3) is highest, and the closed container ( 1) The temperature distribution is such that the closer you get to the wall, the lower the temperature becomes. Therefore, heat radiation loss caused by radiation from the wall surface of the closed container (1) is prevented, and heat can be collected with high heat collection efficiency. In addition to the cylindrical shape, the cross section may be triangular (see Fig. 4 (a)), quadrilateral (see Fig. 4 (b)), or the cross section may be pentagonal, hexagonal, hexagonal, etc. It may be a polygonal cylindrical shape or a cylindrical shape with an oval cross section. Furthermore, the shape may be a rectangular parallelepiped [see Fig. 5(a)], a truncated truncated pyramid [see Fig. 5('b)], etc. [However, Fig. 5(a)
In b), the wall thickness of the container is omitted.

In the present invention, an example using a rod-shaped heat collector is shown in FIG.
) (b) Shown in (c). The rod-shaped heat collector (3) is the sixth
It is possible to use only one wire as shown in Figure (a), or to arrange many wires as shown in Figure 6 (kl).
As shown in the figure, these rod-shaped heat collectors (3), which may be a combination of plate and rod shapes, are placed in an airtight container (3) by some method.
1).

In the case shown in FIGS. 6(a), (b), and (C), protrusions or recesses are provided on the end plates at both ends of the cylindrical airtight container, and these protrusions or four parts are used to form a rod-shaped collection. The heating element (3) can be held and fixed.

In addition, in the present invention, in order to provide a heat insulating material in contact with a portion other than the portion where light is collected, a curved plate-shaped heat collector (3) having a substantially arc-shaped cross section is moved to one side. The back side can be covered with a heat insulating material (4). In this case, the heat collector (3
) may be attached to the closed container with an adhesive or the like, or the heat collector (3) may be fixed by fitting both ends of the heat collector between the fixing protrusions of the end plate. In addition, as shown in Figure 11, a flat heat collector (3) is installed inside the closed container (1).
The outside may be covered with a heat insulating material (4). In addition, when the closed container +11 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, as shown in FIG.
It is best to place it by pasting 4). Foam is preferably used as the heat insulating material. As the foam, for example, a foam made of synthetic resin such as polystyrene resin, polystyrene resin, urethane resin, etc. can be used.

The heat collection and storage capsule according to the present invention can be used in various ways. As shown in Figure 9, a capsule installation shelf (6) is provided on the inclined plate (5), a large number of heat storage capsules (mu) are installed on this capsule installation shelf (6), and the entire installed heat storage capsules are exposed to light. It is covered with a penetrating power unit (7), and piping is arranged so that air can enter and exit the inside and outside of this unit (7), and the heat is collected in the heat storage capsule (A) and the stored energy is transferred to this cycle. It can be taken out and used by air.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 10, a heat storage capsule (A) is placed inside the box body (8) made of a heat insulating material such as synthetic resin foam.
A transparent lid (9) made of a material that can transmit light is removably attached to the upper surface of the container, and a heat-insulating lid cI made of foam or the like can be attached and removed from above. It can be a heat storage tank attached to the In such a heat storage tank, the heat retention lid α0) is removed and placed in a sunny place to collect and store heat, and then the heat retention lid α0) is used to close the box body (8). The top surface of the device is left closed, and the moisturizing lid cLυ and the transparent lid (9) are removed as needed to radiate heat and utilize the stored thermal energy at any time.

As described above, in the heat storage capsule of the present invention, a latent heat storage material is filled in a closed container made of a material that can transmit light, and a plate-shaped or rod-shaped heat collector with a black surface is installed inside. Therefore, when light is irradiated, the light first passes through the wall of the light-transmissible material that forms the closed container and the latent heat storage material, and then is absorbed and collected by the heat collector, which causes The temperature distribution can be such that the heat collector becomes high temperature and melts the latent heat storage material, and the temperature decreases as it goes from the internal heat collector to the wall surface of the sealed container. It is possible to reduce heat radiation loss and increase heat collection efficiency.

The rod of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

Examples/Comparative Example 1 Each performance of the heat collection and storage capsules shown in the "Target Articles Column" in Table 1 was evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[Test method] Place the capsule horizontally outdoors, and set the heat collector plate at an angle so that the sunlight hits it vertically.If the heat collector is a curved plate, the curved part should be It was installed at an angle that provides the maximum light receiving surface. While measuring the amount of solar radiation with a pyranometer, 8 minutes of solar radiation was collected and stored.

[Evaluation method]

When sunlight ceased to exist, the capsule was opened, the amount of melting was examined, and the melting rate was calculated from the ratio of melting amount/total amount of heat storage material. The horizontal solar radiation on the day of melting rate measurement was 3000 KCa//m2"
day, the average temperature was 25°C.

According to the results in Table 1, it can be seen that placing a black heat collector in the capsule improves the melting rate, that is, the heat collection and storage efficiency, by about 15 to 25% compared to the case without it. Furthermore, it can be seen that when a heat insulating material is attached to the back of the capsule containing a black heat collector, the heat collection and storage efficiency is further improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a conventional example showing the humidity distribution inside the heat collection and storage capsule when the heat collection and storage capsule, which is a container with a black surface and filled with a latent heat storage material, is collecting heat from incident light in the direction of the arrow. Figures: Figure 2 (a) is a schematic perspective view of a cylindrical heat collection and storage capsule according to the present invention, Figure 2 (11) is an example of a plate-shaped heat collector, and Figure 3 is similar to Figure 2. Explanatory diagrams for showing the temperature distribution during heat collection in the heat collection and storage capsules shown in FIG. Figure 5 (a)
(b) is a schematic perspective view of a heat storage capsule in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped or a truncated pyramid; FIG. 6(a) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a heat storage capsule with one rod-shaped heat collector inside; 6(b) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a heat collecting capsule incorporating a plurality of rod-shaped heat collecting bodies, FIG. 6(c) is a cross-sectional view showing a combination of rod-like and plate-like heat collecting bodies, Figures 7 and 11 are cross-sectional views showing a heat collection and storage capsule in which a heat insulating material is placed on the outside of a cylindrical sealed container, and Figure 8 is an example of a heat collection and storage capsule in which a heat insulating material is placed on the outside of a cubic hermetic container. 9 and 10 are schematic sectional views showing an example of a heat storage device using the heat collection and storage capsule of the present invention. (1)... airtight container, (2)... latent heat storage material, (3
) ...Heat collector 0 Applicant: Asahi Dow Co., Ltd. Agent Yutaka 1) Yoshio Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 7 Figure 8

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A heat collection and storage device characterized in that a latent heat storage material is filled in a closed container made of a material that can transmit light, and a plate-shaped and/or rod-shaped heat collector with a black surface is installed inside. capsule.