【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は建設敷地内の掘削孔に掘削の進行と並行１．て
土留と地下構築物の外壁の築造をブロックパネル化した
コンクリート製型枠を使用して同時に行なう土留及び地
下外壁の同時施工法に関するものである。
従来、地下に構築物を築造する場合には地組れを防止す
る為鋼材等でてき友仮設用の矢板等を例えば打設機で打
ち込んだシ又は掘削機で穿孔して設置することによって
、先ず土留作業を行ない次いでこの矢板等の内側に地下
構築物の外壁を築造するという二段構えの手順で土留と
地下外壁の施工を行なうのが一般的であった〇
従って従来の施工法では、地下構築物の着工から完成ま
でには長期間を必要としただけではなく、多大の労力を
も要１１、更には経済的にも割高にならざるを得なかっ
たものである。
本発明は従来の施工法が有するこのような不利益を解消
する為掘削しなから土留と地下外壁を同時に築造するよ
うにした新規な施工法を提供The present invention is carried out in parallel with the progress of excavation in a borehole within a construction site.1. This invention relates to a method for simultaneously constructing earth retaining and underground external walls using concrete formwork made of block panels. Conventionally, when constructing a structure underground, in order to prevent the ground from collapsing, temporary sheet piles made of steel or other materials were first driven in with a driving machine or drilled with an excavator. It was common practice to construct earth retaining and underground external walls in a two-step procedure, in which earth retaining work was carried out and then the outer wall of the underground structure was constructed inside the sheet piles. Therefore, in the conventional construction method, the underground structure Not only did it take a long time from the start of construction to its completion, but it also required a great deal of labor11 and was also economically expensive. In order to eliminate these disadvantages of conventional construction methods, the present invention provides a new construction method in which earth retaining and underground outer walls are constructed simultaneously without excavation.
【、ようとするものである
。即ち本発明は、予じめブロックパネル化したコンクリ
ート製型枠を掘削孔の掘削の進行と並行して遂次掘削孔
の上部から下方に懸吊して、並設していくことによって
、この型枠に型枠自体の機能は勿論のことそれ以外に土
留用矢板としての機能をも兼ねさせ・、シかもこの型枠
を地下構築物の外壁として打設コンクリートと一体化さ
せて存置させるという新規な施工法に関するものでめる
〇
以下本発明の施工法を添付図面に従って説明すると、第
１図は本工法の好適な施工例を示す一部を切欠した側面
図であり、又第２図は後述するコンクリート基部１を示
す説明図でめる０本施工法では、先ず第２図に示すよう
に地下構築物の築造面積をとり巻いて底浅の溝２を掘削
し、この溝２に防水性の止水シート３の一端近傍を敷設
すると共にコンクリートを流し込んで上記のコンクリー
ト基部１を設けるものでめるＯこのコンクリート基部１
には、図示の如く掘削孔を掘削する側の下部に突起部１
ａが長手方向に沿って延びるように形成されると共に水
抜きノくイブ４−挿入される挿入孔４ａが形成されてい
るＯ
コンクリート基部１がこのように形成されたならば、次
にこのコンクリート基部１の内側即ち地下外壁を築造す
る側を順次掘削していくものである。而して本工法は掘
削の進行に従って上ｉｂの水抜きパイプ４を引きおろす
と共に上記の止水シート３を掘削孔の壁面に当接しつつ
予じめブロックパネル化したコンクリート打込み用存置
型枠５を後述の止金具６及び連結兼用間隔保持体７によ
って遂次懸吊していくものであるＣ
上記の型枠５は、第３図に示されるように形成されてい
るものである０即ちこの型枠５は、例えばコンクリート
材によって板状に形成された型枠面板５ａと、該面板５
ａの長手方向両端に夫々一体に形成された互いに保合可
能な位置決め兼連接用の保合部５ｂとを有して構成され
ているものでおるＯ
上記の係合部５ｂのうち型枠面板５ａの一端Ｘ側に形成
された係合部５ｂは、以下に述べる突出板部５Ｃを有し
てなるものである。即ちこの突出板部５Ｃは、型枠面板
５ａの内面部５ｄに面板の端部５ｅより所定長さその長
手方向へ突出１−でその側面及び外面と面板の端部５ｅ
’とでクランク状の保合面ＥＡが形成されると共に平面
及び側面における肉厚と面板の上下端から内方に延びる
長さが所定の長さ４に夫々形成されてなるものである。
又他端Ｙ側の保合部５ｂは、面板の内面部５ｄに形成さ
れた突起部５ｆを有してなやものであるＯこの突起部５
ｆは、面板の端部５ｅよシ適宜長さ内方位置で突設され
ることによシその右端面と、面板の内面部５ｄと、更に
面板の端部５ｅとでクランク状の係合面ＥＢを呈するよ
うに形成されている。又この突起部５ｆは、図示の如く
その内面側の突出長が上記の突出板部５Ｃのそれと同一
に形成されると共に面板の上下端から内方に延長された
延長々もこの突出板部５Ｃと同一に選定されているもの
である。このように型枠面板５ａの両端に夫々形成され
た係合部５ｂは、係合面ＥＡ。
ＥＢが互いに保合できる形状を有するからこの型枠５は
】つの型枠の保合面ＥＡと他の型枠の係合面ＥＢとを夫
々係合させることによシ両者が外面部５ｇ１に面一とし
次状態で連接し得るものである。
又５ｈは、後述するＨ鋼９を当接するための突■〜であ
り、この突部５ｈは、上記の突出板部５Ｃ及び突起部５
ｆの内面と同一平面上の内面を呈するよう突出形成され
ると共に面板の上下端から内方に向って夫々適宜長さ延
長されて形成されている。
而してこのように形成された型枠５の係合個所を、先ず
上記のコンクリート基部１に形成された突起部１ａに断
面略コ字状の第４図Ａに示される止金具６によって、同
図Ｂの如く嵌置させて最初の型枠５＠５を懸吊する。こ
の際締結部材例えばボルト８を用いて突起部１ａに固着
すると良い０次に、本発明はこのようにして懸吊された
最初の型枠５−５の下部に、更に今度は第５図に示され
る連結兼用間隔保持体７を使用１．て遂次上記の型枠５
・５を懸吊していくものである。
上記の連結兼用間隔保り体７は、杓込みコンクリートと
の親和性を得る為例えば金属材などで作られている０而
してその構成は、所要位置に喫差込用貫通孔７ａが複数
穿設された薄板状間隔保持杆７ｂと、該間隔保持杆７ｂ
とは別体に複数形成された喫７ｃと、父上記の間隔保持
杆７ｂが挿通できるようその略中心位置に形成されたス
リット７ｄを有する係止板７ｅと、更に上記の間隔保持
杆７ｂに嵌挿される条孔７ｆをその略中心位置に有する
断面コ字状の連結固定具７ｇとからなるものでるる〇
上記の薄板状間隔保持杆７ｂには、その先端を垂直状に
適宜長さ屈曲して屈曲部７ｈを形成すると共にその基端
側に形成した喫差込用貫通孔７ａの内側近傍には例えば
ミシン目を刻設して切離用部７ｉを形Ｍ、するものであ
る。
而して上記の薄板状間隔保持杆７ｂの先端は、係止板７
ｅのスリン）７ｄ内に挿通され、この係止板７ｅに上記
の屈曲部７ｈを例えば溶接等により予じめ固着しておく
ものである〇
このように構成された連結兼用間隔保持体７は、第１図
及び第４図Ｂ等に示される如く、この実施例では連接さ
れた型枠５の夫々の保合部５ｂの位置で上下左右の各型
枠５を固定保持する為に使用されるものでめる０即ち上
記の係止板７ｅの内面を、懸吊されて連接された型枠外
面部５ｇに当接すると共に間隔保持杆７ｂに嵌挿した上
記の連結固定具７ｇで型枠５の各係合部５ｂを上下で嵌
合把持し、しかる後この連結固定具７ｇの背面に位！す
る喫差込用貫通孔７ａに上記の撲７ｃを差込むことによ
１シ各型枠５を固定的に懸吊［、ていくものである。
而してこの懸吊作業に際【５．では、連接された型枠の
揺動を防止する為Ｈ鋼９を複数使用すると良い。このＨ
鋼９は、基端をコンクリート基部１に埋設して固定され
た第１図、第６図等に示される線状鋼材１０に枢着され
た回転筒体１１によって支承され略垂直状態に支持され
ている。又掘削の進行に伴ってこのＨ鋼９には第１図に
示す如く適宜切梁１２を転倒防止用として仮設すると良
い。
第６図は掘削時における止水シート３の取り扱いを示し
友ものである。同図において、１３は永久磁石部材であ
り、この永久磁石部材１３によって掘削時には図示の如
く止水シート３を上記のＨ鋼９に遂次吸着させていくと
良い。
本施工法は、このようにして掘削の進行と並行して水抜
きパイプ４の引きおるし゛と、止水シート３の張設と、
又型枠５の懸吊と、更に上記のＨ鋼９の下方への移動と
を順次繰り返して所要深度まで掘削を行なうものである
。そして掘削及び上記の作業が所定の深度まで完了［、
た後には、内側に適宜配筋を行なうと共にその内側に上
記の型枠５を外面部５ｇを内側に［、て上記の間隔保持
体７を利用１．なから底面側から順次積み上げて上記型
枠５との間に空間部を形成１２、この空間部にコンフリ
ートラ打設し、て第７図に示されるような所定の地下外
壁を築造するものでめる０この場合上記のＨ９１ｊ４９
も存置させて地下外壁の支柱にさせると良い。又上記の
ｔｌｊ７ｃは図示の如く内側型枠５の固定保持に使用さ
れるものでアシ、打込みコンクリートが固化して型枠５
と一体化したときにはこのＰＪ７ｃを抜き取ると共に間
隔保持杆７ｂの突出端部７ｊを上記の切離用部−７ｉか
ら折り取るものである。
尚止水シート３は底部で夫々溶着等によ多結合され、そ
の後の涌出水は予じめ配設された上記の水抜きパイプ４
を介して行なうものであり、底部−のコンクリート打設
後は適宜このパイプ４もコンクリートで封鎖するもので
ある。
不発明はこのような施工法であるからこの工法を使用す
れば下記のような効果を奏するものであるＯ
即ち本発明は、上記の如く掘削の進行と並行１て土留作
業と地下外壁の築造とを同時に行なうものだから、工期
の短縮化や労力の軽減化が可能となシ、ひいては工費の
低廉化をも図れるという優れた効果を奏するものである
。
父上記したコンクリート基部１０幅方向の肉厚を小さく
すれば、本工法は敷地面積−ばいに構築物を築造できる
という利点を有するだけではなく、本工法では矢板等の
抜き取９作業をその性格上当然必要としないからその作
業に伴って発生する騒音や振動等の弊害をも来たさない
という優れた利点がろる〇
以上の処において、上記の型枠５は第８図に示される如
く形成されても良い。即ちこの実施例では、第３図に示
す突出板部５ｃと、突起＆ｔ５ｆと、更に突部５ｈとを
一体化［、て面板５ａの長手方向上下端に夫々形成した
ものである。この場合にはＨ鋼９の当接が容易になると
共に上記の連結兼用間隔保持体７の設営を係合部５ｂの
個所に限らず可能になるという利点がある〇
父上記の連結固定具７ｇは、断面コ字状に代えて笛９図
に示されるような背面を開口した箱状に形成されても良
いものである。この場合には型枠の保合部をよシ強固に
固定保持できるという利点がある〇
更に上記【−た型枠の懸吊方法は、上側に限らず第１０
図に示される如く行なっても良いものである０
即ちこの実施例では掘削孔を跨いで架設したＨ鋼１４に
最初の型枠５を上部に鉤部を有する止金具１５で懸吊す
ると共にそれ以後は上記の懸吊方法と同様に行ない、所
定の深度まで型枠５の懸吊を行なったときには、この一
連の型枠を懸吊［７たＨ鋼１’４′（Ｌ−コンクリート
基部１の突起部１ａの上面に矢示の如く移動させて係止
させ且つこの個所に適宜の固定方法例えばコンクリート
の打込み等−を行なうことにより固定保持するというも
のである。この場合には、止水シート３が掘削孔の壁面
と型枠の間から矢示の方向へ容易に引き出せるから掘削
や型枠の懸吊作業等に際１．て第６図の方法の場合には
生ずる煩わ［、さを解消でき、これらの作業が容易且つ
迅速にできるという効果を奏するものである。
尚以上の処においては、型枠を懸吊する為に止金具や連
結兼用間隔保持体を使用する場合について説覇したが、
本施工法は必ずしもこれらの部材の使用を必要とするも
のではなく、例えば型枠面板の連接両端に夫々形成され
る上記の係合部ヲにいに直接係合させることによって懸
吊可能と１．り構成によるものでも良いことは勿論であ
る。[This is what I am trying to do. That is, in the present invention, the concrete formwork, which has been made into block panels in advance, is successively suspended downward from the top of the borehole and installed in parallel with the progress of the excavation of the borehole. The formwork not only has the function of the formwork itself, but also has the function of a sheet pile for earth retention, and is a novelty in which the formwork is integrated with the poured concrete as the outer wall of the underground structure. Hereinafter, the construction method of the present invention will be explained with reference to the attached drawings. Figure 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing a preferred construction example of this construction method, and Figure 2 is a side view showing a preferred construction example of the present construction method. In the zero construction method, which is shown in an explanatory diagram showing the concrete base 1 described later, first, as shown in Figure 2, a shallow trench 2 is excavated surrounding the construction area of the underground structure, and this trench 2 is filled with waterproof material. The concrete base 1 described above is provided by laying the water stop sheet 3 near one end and pouring concrete.
As shown in the figure, there is a protrusion 1 at the bottom of the side where the borehole is to be drilled.
A is formed so as to extend along the longitudinal direction, and an insertion hole 4a into which the drainage nozzle 4 is inserted is formed. The inside of the base 1, that is, the side where the underground outer wall is to be constructed, is excavated in sequence. According to this construction method, as the excavation progresses, the water drain pipe 4 of the upper ib is pulled down, and the above-mentioned water stop sheet 3 is brought into contact with the wall of the excavation hole, while the standing formwork 5 for concrete pouring, which has been made into a block panel in advance, is pulled down. are successively suspended by means of a fastener 6 and a connecting and spacing member 7, which will be described later. The formwork 5 includes a formwork face plate 5a formed into a plate shape of concrete material, for example, and the face plate 5.
It is constructed by having retaining parts 5b for positioning and connection that can be secured to each other, which are integrally formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the formwork face plate of the above-mentioned engaging parts 5b. The engaging portion 5b formed on the one end X side of the engaging portion 5a has a protruding plate portion 5C described below. That is, this protruding plate part 5C protrudes from the inner surface 5d of the formwork face plate 5a by a predetermined length in the longitudinal direction from the end 5e of the face plate, and connects its side and outer surfaces to the end 5e of the face plate.
' A crank-shaped retaining surface EA is formed, and the wall thickness on the plane and side surfaces and the length extending inward from the upper and lower ends of the face plate are each formed to a predetermined length 4. The retaining portion 5b on the other end Y side has a protrusion 5f formed on the inner surface 5d of the face plate.
By protruding from the end 5e of the face plate at an appropriate length inward position, f is engaged with the right end face, the inner surface 5d of the face plate, and the end 5e of the face plate in a crank shape. It is formed to present a surface EB. Further, as shown in the figure, the protruding length of the inner surface of the protruding part 5f is the same as that of the protruding plate part 5C, and the extensions extending inward from the upper and lower ends of the face plate are also the same as that of the protruding plate part 5C. The same selection has been made. The engagement portions 5b formed at both ends of the frame face plate 5a in this manner are engagement surfaces EA. Since the formwork 5 has a shape that allows the EBs to be held together, the holding surface EA of one formwork and the engagement surface EB of the other formwork are engaged with each other, so that both of them are attached to the outer surface 5g1. It is flush and can be connected in the following state. Further, 5h is a protrusion 1~ for abutting the H steel 9, which will be described later, and this protrusion 5h is connected to the protruding plate portion 5C and the protruding portion 5 described above.
They are formed to protrude so as to have an inner surface on the same plane as the inner surface of the face plate, and are formed to extend inward from the upper and lower ends of the face plate by appropriate lengths, respectively. First, the engaging portion of the formwork 5 formed in this manner is secured to the protrusion 1a formed on the concrete base 1 using a fastener 6 shown in FIG. 4A, which has a substantially U-shaped cross section. The first formwork 5@5 is suspended as shown in FIG. At this time, it is preferable to use a fastening member, for example, a bolt 8, to fix the projection 1a to the projection 1a.Next, the present invention is applied to the lower part of the first formwork 5-5 suspended in this way, and furthermore, as shown in FIG. Using the connecting and spacing holder 7 shown 1. The above formwork 5
・It is something that hangs 5. The above-mentioned connecting and spacing retainer 7 is made of, for example, a metal material in order to obtain compatibility with ladle-in concrete. A perforated thin plate-shaped spacing rod 7b and the spacing rod 7b
A locking plate 7e having a slit 7d formed approximately at the center thereof so that the spacing rod 7b can be inserted therethrough; The connecting fixture 7g has a U-shaped cross section and has a slot 7f to be inserted at its approximate center. The thin plate-like spacing rod 7b has its tip bent vertically to an appropriate length. In addition to forming the bent portion 7h, for example, a perforation is carved near the inner side of the insertion through hole 7a formed on the base end side of the bending portion 7h to form the cutting portion 7i in the shape M. The tip of the thin plate-shaped spacing rod 7b is connected to the locking plate 7.
The above-mentioned bent portion 7h is inserted into the locking plate 7e by welding or the like in advance, and the connecting and spacing member 7 configured in this way is , FIG. 1, FIG. 4B, etc., in this embodiment, the molds 5 are used to fix and hold the upper, lower, left, and right formworks 5 at the respective retaining portions 5b of the connected formworks 5. In other words, the inner surface of the above-mentioned locking plate 7e is brought into contact with the suspended and connected formwork outer surface 5g, and the formwork 5 is fixed with the above-mentioned connecting fixture 7g fitted into the spacing rod 7b. Fit and grasp each engaging part 5b at the top and bottom, and then place it on the back of this connecting fixture 7g! Each mold 5 is fixedly suspended by inserting the above-mentioned bracket 7c into the through-hole 7a. Therefore, during this suspension work [5. In this case, it is better to use a plurality of H steels 9 to prevent the connected formwork from swinging. This H
The steel 9 is supported in a substantially vertical state by a rotary cylinder 11 pivotally connected to a linear steel member 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 6 whose base end is buried and fixed in the concrete base 1. ing. Further, as the excavation progresses, it is preferable to temporarily install a strut beam 12 on the H steel 9 as shown in FIG. 1 to prevent it from falling over. FIG. 6 shows how to handle the water stop sheet 3 during excavation. In the figure, reference numeral 13 denotes a permanent magnet member, and during excavation, it is preferable that the water stop sheet 3 is successively attracted to the above-mentioned H steel 9 as shown in the figure. In this way, in parallel with the progress of excavation, this construction method involves pulling down the drain pipe 4, stretching the water stop sheet 3,
Furthermore, the suspension of the formwork 5 and the downward movement of the H steel 9 are repeated in sequence to perform excavation to a required depth. Then, the excavation and the above operations are completed to the specified depth [,
After that, the reinforcement is placed on the inside as appropriate, and the above-mentioned formwork 5 is placed on the inside with the outer surface portion 5g turned inside, using the above-mentioned spacer 7.1. These are stacked one after another from the bottom side to form a space 12 between them and the formwork 5, and a comfleet slab is poured in this space to construct a predetermined underground outer wall as shown in Fig. 7. In this case, the above H91j49
It would be a good idea to leave it in place and use it as a support for the underground outer wall. Also, the above tlj7c is used to fix and hold the inner formwork 5 as shown in the figure, and when the reeds and poured concrete harden, the formwork 5
When the PJ 7c is integrated with the PJ 7c, the projecting end 7j of the spacing rod 7b is broken off from the separating portion 7i. The water-stop sheets 3 are joined together at the bottom by welding or the like, and the subsequent water drains through the water drain pipe 4 installed in advance.
After the concrete is placed at the bottom, this pipe 4 is also appropriately sealed with concrete. The invention is based on such a construction method, so if this construction method is used, the following effects will be achieved.In other words, the present invention, as described above, carries out earth retaining work and construction of an underground outer wall in parallel with the progress of excavation. Since these are carried out at the same time, it has the excellent effect of shortening the construction period, reducing labor, and even lowering construction costs. By reducing the wall thickness of the concrete base 10 in the width direction as described above, this construction method not only has the advantage of being able to construct a structure on a smaller site area, but also has the advantage of reducing the work of removing sheet piles, etc.9 due to its nature. Of course, since it is not necessary, it has the excellent advantage of not causing any harmful effects such as noise and vibration that occur with the work. may be formed. That is, in this embodiment, the protruding plate part 5c shown in FIG. 3, the protrusion &t5f, and the protruding part 5h are integrated and formed at the upper and lower longitudinal ends of the face plate 5a, respectively. In this case, there is an advantage that the H steel 9 can be brought into contact easily and the above-mentioned connection-cum-space holder 7 can be set up not only at the engagement portion 5b. Instead of having a U-shaped cross section, the whistle may be formed into a box shape with an open back as shown in Figure 9. In this case, there is an advantage that the retaining part of the formwork can be fixed and held more firmly.Furthermore, the method of suspending the formwork described above is not limited to the upper side.
In other words, in this embodiment, the first formwork 5 is suspended from the H-steel 14 built across the excavation hole with a fastener 15 having a hook at the top, and Thereafter, the suspension method is the same as that described above, and when the formwork 5 has been suspended to a predetermined depth, this series of formworks is suspended [7 H steel 1'4' (L-concrete base 1 It is moved as shown by the arrow to the upper surface of the protrusion 1a to lock it, and it is held fixed at this point by an appropriate fixing method such as pouring concrete. Since the sheet 3 can be easily pulled out from between the wall of the excavation hole and the formwork in the direction of the arrow, there is no need to worry about the trouble that would otherwise occur with the method shown in Figure 6 during excavation or suspension of the formwork. This has the effect that these operations can be done easily and quickly.In the above, the case where a stopper or a connecting and spacing member are used to suspend the formwork will be explained. I won, but
This construction method does not necessarily require the use of these members. ．． Of course, it is also possible to use a different configuration.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]
第１図は本発明の好適な施工例を示す一部を切欠、した
側面図、第２図はコンクリート基部を示す説明図、第３
図は本施工法に用いる型枠を示１．そ。
のうちＡはその斜視図、Ｂは正面図、Ｃは平面図、第４
図Ａは止金具を示す斜視図、Ｂは止金具及び連結兼用間
隔保持体の使用状態を示す説明図、第５図は連結兼用間
隔保持体を示す分解斜視図、第６図は止水シートの取扱
いを示す説明図、第７図は本施工法によって築造された
地下外壁を示す一部を切欠１．た斜視図、第８図は型枠
の他の実施例を示す斜視図、第９図は連結固定具の他の
実施例を示す斜視図、更に第１０図は型枠の懸吊方法の
他の実施例を示す一部を切欠１．た説明用斜視図である
。
図中、５はコンクリート打込み用存置型枠、５ａは型枠
面板、５ｂは保合部を夫々示す〇特許出願人 大 塩
陸 雄
第５ｔａ
７ｂFig. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing a preferred construction example of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an explanatory view showing the concrete base, and Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway side view showing a preferred construction example of the present invention.
The figure shows the formwork used in this construction method.1. So. Of these, A is a perspective view, B is a front view, C is a plan view, and the fourth
Figure A is a perspective view showing the fastener, B is an explanatory view showing the usage state of the fastener and the connecting and spacing holder, Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view showing the connecting and spacing holder, and Figure 6 is the water stop sheet. Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the handling of the underground wall constructed using this construction method, with a part cut away. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of the formwork, FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another example of the connecting fixture, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing another example of the formwork hanging method. A partially cutaway illustrating an example of 1. FIG. In the figure, 5 shows the preservation formwork for concrete pouring, 5a shows the formwork face plate, and 5b shows the retaining part.〇Patent applicant: Oshio
Riku Xiong 5th ta 7b