JPS5813775B2 - How to line the hole - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for lining holes of circular cross-section, such as bores in cylinders, such as cylinders of internal combustion engines, pumps or compressors, or bores in bearings.

The present invention allows the liner to be easily inserted into the hole while providing a true continuous surface where the entire outer surface of the liner is pressed against the wall of the hole, and without the need for any finishing steps or deformation of the hole. Provides a lined hole that is applicable to holes formed in a variety of materials and alloys, such as when the liner is a harder metal or alloy than the liner of the lined hole. The liner provides a more durable surface over the soft metal.

The present invention selects the thickness of the liner to create an appropriate compressive hoop stress effect between the liner and the metal of the hole for a given diameter of the hole being lined, thereby A thin flat sheet of metal or alloy, appropriately sized for the hole to be lined, is easily fitted elastically into the lined hole to create an interference fit between the edges of the liner. This creates a perfect conformal match between the hole wall and the liner with no overlap or gaps.

Known split liner sleeves are formed with a pressure fit within the cylinder and are adapted to abut the cylinder wall, but conventionally the critical liner sleeve is formed within the cylinder with a critical fit between the thickness of the liner and the diameter of the hole to be lined. In addition, since insufficient consideration was given to the relationship of compressive hoop stress between the liner and the hole, press-fitting was not possible due to the tension generated between the cylinder hole and the boundary wall of the liner. Because of this, there was a tendency to deform the cylinder.

Traditional liner insertion and removal requires special tools, requires precise manufacturing dimensional limits to maintain an accurate press fit, and even with these limitations, the liner After the liner is press-fitted into the cylinder, honing and polishing operations are required to eliminate residual defects caused by deformation and insufficient press-fitting ability and to obtain a perfect match between the liner and cylinder. Met.

One aim of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks.

It is important that the thickness (or thinness) of the liner be within specified limits for the diameter of the hole to be lined.

That is, if the liner is too thin, it will wrinkle or buckle, or at least make incomplete contact with the lining of the hole, while if the liner is too thick, the edges of the springy liner will be susceptible to impact. Either the misalignment creates gaps, or the assembly of the liner requires a series of operations both in preparation and in finishing.

Also, the thickness of the liner has a detrimental effect on its heat dissipation properties.

There are critical upper and lower limits of liner thickness relative to hole diameter, beyond which the advantages of the present invention are no longer satisfactorily achieved.

These limits will now be explained in more detail with reference to the graph shown in FIG. .

However, D is the inner diameter of the hole to be lined.

The range of liner thickness relative to hole diameter cannot be expressed as a linear function, but can be defined from the following data.

That is, the thickness of the liner can be expressed as L=D/X, where L is the thickness of the liner, D is the inner diameter of the hole to be lined, and X is a factor related to the hole to be lined. When D=1, X ranges from 62 to 125 When D=2
In the range of 117 to 222, when D=3; In the range of 166 to 300, D=4; In the range of 210 to 364, D>4; In the range of 225 to 410.

In the desired range of liner thickness, when X is D21, when D=2 is in the range of 71 to 100.
Ranges from 133 to 182. When D=3 200 to 2
When the range D of 80 is D=4, the range of 222 to 286 is appropriately within the range of 237 to 320 when D>4.5.

In the most desirable range of liner thickness, X is 83 when D=1 154 when D=2 214 when D=4 250 when D=4.5 300, and , X is 348 when D=8, 343 when D=12, 314 when D=16, and 264 when D=20.

The preferred liner thickness range for holes of all diameters, including bearing holes, is from 0.008 to 0.019, expressed in the same units as the hole diameter dimension.

In one preferred form of the invention, the liner material is heat treated steel, ie, the steel is hardened and tempered and requires no further finishing, and the hole material is aluminum.

It will be appreciated that the liner or hole may be constructed of other metals or alloys, the liner being, for example, brass and the hole material being, for example, an aluminum alloy or cast iron.

Furthermore, in some applications, such as bearings K, the liner may be a white metal liner of a soft material, such as aluminum.

A liner of a specified degree of thickness is inserted into a hole that is strong enough to withstand the compressive hoop stresses imparted by the interference fit of the liner without significant deformation, which means that the liner always rests against the wall of the hole. Ensure tight abutment and full contact with this.

Because of this contact and because of the specified thickness of the liner,
For example, if the lined hole is an engine cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the heat generated in the lined hole may be lost if the liner is a poorer thermal conductor than the material of the hole, e.g. if the liner is made of heat-treated and tempered steel. Even when the pore material is aluminum, it is rapidly transferred through the liner to the surrounding pore material.

Thus, among the advantages of the present invention is that holes 75, such as those in engine cylinders or bearings, are easily lined and the liner provides an interference fit at ambient temperatures to provide a continuous surface with no gaps. the liner is a substantially poorer conductor of heat than the material of the hole, thereby providing substantially complete contact between the liner and the lined hole without the need for any preliminary or finishing operations; Regardless, it improves heat transfer between the liner and hole materials.

Additionally, liners allow non-durable materials to be given a more durable surface.

In the method of the invention, a material having a defined range of thickness, such as a hard heat treated and tempered resilient steel, is inserted into a generally resiliently lined hole so that adjacent edges A flat piece of liner material dimensioned to provide an interference fit within the bore when held in abutment to form a substantially cylindrical shape is resiliently shaped as required. The diameter and circularity of the liner is then controlled solely by the cylinder bore, which is controlled by the thickness and Young's modulus. It is related to the compressive hoop stress of the liner and hole material.

The hole to be lined is provided with a shoulder, against which the liner is aligned, and the shoulder can be made of the same thickness as the liner.

The present invention also provides for a spring having a defined thickness and a suitable shape, for example rectangular shape, to be lined in the hole to be lined with an interference fit without creating a gap between the edges in the manner described above. It also includes the liner itself, which is made of a flat metal or metal alloy that can be inserted in a flexible manner.

The liner of the present invention should be lined while both the liner and the hole material are at room temperature, as opposed to existing methods which require the liner to be kept at extremely low temperatures when it is assembled. It can be quickly assembled into the hole.

Although in no way limited, the invention is particularly useful for lining the cylinders of internal combustion engines, steam engines and Genoto engines.

The present invention is also useful in providing improved bearings.

In this application, the present invention provides a relatively inexpensive and simple bearing and a method of manufacturing such a bearing that was previously unthinkable to be practicable.

In this way, in the present invention, the length and thickness of the liner are regulated before forming the liner into a cylindrical shape, taking into consideration the Young's modulus (longitudinal elastic modulus) of the liner material and hole material. This creates a hoop stress between the liner and the hole that does not cause deformation of the hole when it is pressed into the hole.This makes it possible, for example, to make the bearing housing from the same material as the shaft. Problems caused by differential expansion between the shaft and the bearing housing can be reduced and improved heat transfer properties can be obtained.

The invention also allows space and weight problems to be ameliorated in that these savings can be made where appropriate, so that, for example, hardened and tempered steel liners may be otherwise desirable and wear resistant. It is provided as a durable surface on a durable bearing material and can be provided with a suitable finishing operation if desired.

The hardened and tempered steel liner is therefore given an extremely fine surface finish, providing an excellent bearing surface.

Thus, a relatively inexpensive, lightweight, hardened, ultra-thin, flat, easily mated bearing surface is provided.

Among other advantages of the invention are the extremely low cost of the liner and the small storage space required.

Thus, thousands of liners in a flat state can be placed in a store or on a mount in an area of only a few hundredths of a cubic meter.

The liner material, such as hard steel, can be chosen to have an extremely long life when used with conventional pistons and rings or bearings, and the room temperature fit facilitates the assembly process.

There are no machining operations involved, apart from cutting the liner blank from the strip, which can be done in a very short time, for example in a few seconds.

When applied to internal combustion engine cylinders, the invention is equally applicable to air-cooled and liquid-cooled cylinders, such as water-cooled cylinders.

The invention finds useful application in so-called wet liners for internal combustion engines, pumps and the like.

It is well understood in the art that a wet liner refers to a separate metal cylinder mounted within the cylinder block and surrounded by water or other coolant.

In another form of the invention, such wet liners include a composite construction of two metal liners, one metal liner tightly fitted within the other metal liner, i.e., the outer liner is a true wet liner, in which an inner liner of smooth-finished metal or alloy strip is secured.

The outer liner is preferably made of a metal or alloy with good heat conducting properties, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the inner liner is suitably made of hardened and tempered steel to provide a long life. .

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the liner thickness and the pore diameter in the present invention.
>4), the line b
Similarly, the pore diameter/410 portion indicates the minimum value of the liner thickness when X=4 10.

In the present invention, the theoretical thickness of the liner is defined as C D ('''
- ) - 0. 9) Derived from 1 0 Lo
ge3 (indicated by a dashed line in the figure), and in addition to this, lines a and b
The liner thickness is determined appropriately between

The shaded area in the figure indicates the preferred range of liner thickness.

In FIG. 2, an air-cooled cylinder 11 is shown having a bore 12 fitted with a liner, preferably formed from a strip of hardened and tempered steel, having a thickness within specified limits. 13 are provided.

The strip 13 is shaped into a cylindrical shape, contrary to its inherent springiness, and cut with a suitable tool at either the longitudinal edges 14 (see, for example, FIGS. (See Figure 7) 14a are abutted and held.

When formed cylindrically, the diameter of the band liner 13 is such that it provides an interference fit within the bore 12 when inserted therein.

The cylinder 11 has a small shoulder or inverted edge 15 to prevent the liner from being forced out of the hole, but this purpose can be achieved by other means, such as in a groove at the bottom of the hole. Achieved by means of a circular clip mounted.

In FIG. 3 a number of cylinders 16 in the form of so-called wet liners are shown mounted in a cylinder block 17 and surrounded by a coolant chamber 18 containing a suitable coolant, for example water or other fluid. has been done.

These wet liners are suitably made of a material with good thermal conductivity properties, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, with each wet liner or cylinder 16 having its own liner 13.

The thickness of liner 13 is exaggerated in the drawings for clarity.

When fitting the band liner 13 into the bore of the wet liner or cylinder 16, the liner is resiliently bent to hold it in a substantially cylindrical shape, adjacent edges abutting, and then the cylinder 16 is pressed into the bore of the cylinder with an interference fit so that its diameter and circularity are controlled by the bore of the cylinder.

The cylinder 16 is flanged in one direction, as at 20, and has a raised edge 21 with suitable packing interposed therebetween.
Can be seated on top.

A piston (not shown) reciprocates against the grain of the liner 13, making seven strokes over selected liner surfaces, and can be easily removed and replaced.

In FIG. 8, 22 is a shaft and 23 is a bearing housing.

The shaft 22 is a bearing 2 provided with a liner 25 according to the invention.
Operates within 4.

In FIGS. 9 and 10, 26 is a bearing housing 27.
is a thin liner, dimensioned as described above, and 28 is a member that operates within the lined bearing housing.

The bearing housing 26 is relatively short in length, in which case the liner 27 can be described as a circular strip rather than a cylinder.

When the liner is formed from heat treated and tempered steel, the hardness of the liner is suitably in the range of 400 to 550 (diamond hardness number).

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1, as already mentioned, is a graph showing the range of liner thickness for the pores of the material to be lined. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through a lined air-cooled cylinder. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a portion of a liquid-cooled engine cylinder block. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flat rectangular piece of liner material. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the liner of FIG. 4 shaped into a cylindrical shape. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a flat piece of liner material in another configuration. 7 is a perspective view showing the liner of FIG. 6 shaped into a cylindrical shape; FIG. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of the present invention applied to a bearing surface. FIG. 9 is a sectional view perpendicular to the bore through the bearing and its housing. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal section through the bearing and housing. 11... Air cooling cylinder, 12... Hole, 13... Liner, 1
4... Longitudinal edge, 14a... Edge of other shape, 16... Cylinder, 17... Cylinder block, 18... Coolant chamber, 1
9...Adjacent edge, 22...Shaft, 23...Bearing housing, 24...
Bearing, 25...liner, 26...bearing housing, 27...
liner.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A liner made of a metal or alloy different from the material of the hole to be lined and made of a flat plate material that can be elastically shaped into a cylindrical shape to form a cylindrical or circular band K. When the cylinder or circular strip thus formed is press-fitted into the hole, the liner is fitted with an interference fit inside the hole so that the end edges of the liner overlap or there is no gap. A method for inflating holes in internal combustion engines, steam and jet engines, pumps, compressors, bearings, etc. by adjusting the dimensions of the liner to perfectly match the shape of the hole walls without forming a circle. m or circular band shape, insert the liner into the hole while maintaining this shape, press the liner so that it fits into the hole with interference, and the resulting contact between the liner and the material of the hole is Let the compressive hoop stress between the holes be such that the diameter and circularity of the liner are controlled only by the hole walls without deformation of the hole, and the thickness of the liner relative to the hole spool (T - liner thickness, D = hole diameter) A method for lining a hole with a cylindrical cross section, characterized by selecting a hole with a cylindrical cross section. 2. When forming a liner consisting of a flat plate material made of a metal or alloy different from the material of the hole to be lined and capable of being elastically shaped into a cylindrical shape into a cylindrical or circular band,
The edges of the liner are brought into contact with each other, and when the cylindrical or circular strip formed in this way is fitted into the hole with an interference fit, the edges of the liner are overlapped or a gap is formed. so that it perfectly matches the shape of the hole wall as it arises.
A method for lining holes in internal combustion engines, steam and jet engines, pumps, combinators, bearings, etc. by adjusting the dimensions of the liner, in which the liner blank is formed into a cylindrical or circular strip shape and while retaining this shape. , the liner is inserted into the hole, and the liner is pressed so that it is an interference fit in the hole, and the resulting compressive hoop stress between the liner and the hole material is reduced to the liner diameter without deformation of the hole. and the circularity is controlled only by the hole wall, and the thickness of the liner relative to the hole diameter is L=D/X (L is the thickness of the liner, D is the hole diameter, and X is when D=1) 62-125 When I)=2 117-222 When D=3 166-300 When D=4 210-364 When D>4 225-410) Lining a hole with a cylindrical cross section characterized by the following: Method. 3. When forming a liner made of a flat plate material that is made of a metal or alloy different from the material of the hole to be lined and that can be elastically shaped into a cylindrical shape into a cylinder or circular band, the edge of the liner When the cylindrical or circular strip thus formed is pressed into the hole, the interference fit is made inside the hole so that the edges of the liner can fit into the hole without overlapping or creating gaps. A method of lining holes in internal combustion engines, steam and jet engines, pumps, compressors, bearings, etc. by adjusting the dimensions of the liner to perfectly match the shape of the wall, the liner blank is shaped into a cylindrical or circular strip. The liner is inserted into the hole while maintaining this shape, and the liner is compressed so that it is an interference fit in the hole, thereby reducing the compressive hoop stress between the liner and the material of the hole. is such that the diameter and circularity of the liner are controlled only by the hole wall without deformation of the hole, and the thickness of the liner relative to the hole diameter is selected based on (T = liner thickness, D = hole diameter), The thickness of the liner relative to the pore diameter is L=D/X (L is the thickness of the liner, D is the pore diameter, and X is 62 to 125 when D=1; 117 to 222 when D=2; 166 to 300 when D=3). 210-364 when D=4; 225-410 when D>4) A method for lining a hole with a cylindrical cross section.