JPS58132433A - Tool mouning and demounting mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce th force necessary for the operation of an operating shaft by fixing the operating shaft for operating a holding member only in the case when a tool is fixed, in an apparatus for fixing the tool through drawing-in the pull-stud of the tool by the holding member. CONSTITUTION:A holder 19 for holding and fixing the pull-stud of a tool 17 onto a main spindle 4 is opened and closed by advance and retreat of an operation rod 1. A plurality of locking hooks are arranged on the periphery of a flange 2 formed in the intermediate part of a rod 1. When a tool 17 is fixed, the locking hook 3 is pressed inwardly by the tapered surface of a cylindrical member 10 urged by a spring, and clamps the operation shaft 10. When the rod 18 of a hydraulic cylinder advances to push a lock nut 13, then the guide member 17 passing through between a sleeve 8 and the locking hook is advanced, and then the cylindrical member 10 is pushed to release the clamping operation of the locking hook. Then, the rod 18 pushes the operation shaft 1 to open a holder 19.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tool attachment/detachment mechanism in a machine tool or the like.

As an example of a conventional tool attachment/detachment mechanism, as shown in FIG. Accordingly, by opening and closing the gripping member C, the tool d
It is designed to be able to be attached and detached. That is, the operating shaft is always urged backward (to the left in the figure) by the spring e, and at this time, the gripping member C is drawn into the holder f and closed.
The tool d can be fixed by being engaged with the sol stud g of the tool d. On the other hand, when removing the tool d, press the rear end of the operating shaft with a suppressor h such as a cylinder placed at the rear, overcome the force of the spring θ, and move the operating shaft forward. is pushed out to the large diameter part of the holder f, and the spring 1
The gripping member C is opened by the action of , and the locking to the Solstad g is released, so that the tool d can be removed from the main shaft a.

In this conventional example, in order to securely grip and fix the tool d, the force of the spring e must be quite strong (1000 kg or more), and therefore the suppressing means must also be able to exert a pressing force greater than this. Otherwise, the tool will not be able to be removed, and both the spring e and the suppressing means are required to be strong.

When a machine tool is in use, tools are changed frequently, which not only requires a large amount of energy as described above, but also applies a strong thrust force to bearings J etc., which is undesirable as it causes a shortening of their lifespan. . Furthermore, since the pressing force required to change a tool is generally the largest in a machine tool, the capacity of the drive source is influenced by the pressing force. Therefore, from the viewpoint of energy saving, it is desirable to reduce the pressing force as much as possible.

The present invention has been made to eliminate these conventional drawbacks, and aims to save energy by reducing the force required when attaching and detaching tools, and to extend the life of bearings and the like to extend the life of machine tools. The purpose of this invention is to provide a tool attachment/detachment mechanism.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on the illustrated embodiment. The symbol (2) is an operating shaft, and a flange-shaped protrusion 2 is formed in the middle part of the operating shaft. Reference numeral 3 designates a plurality of locking claws (four in the example shown) arranged around the protrusion 2, which are sandwiched between the guide member 5 and the stopper member 6 fixed in the main shaft 4 at the front and rear. In this state, these inclined surfaces 5a, 5a
Make it possible to slide diagonally along the .

The fixed guide member 5 has a concave groove 5 on its outer peripheral surface as shown in FIG.
b are formed at four locations, and the protruding pieces 7a of the movable guide member 7 are positioned so as to pass through these grooves. The movable guide member 7 is fixed to a flange 8a of a sleeve 8 that is slidably fitted to the operating shaft 1, and a spring 9 is interposed between the movable guide member 7 and the fixed guide member 5. The locking pawls 3 are fitted between the protruding pieces 7a of the movable guide member 7 that have passed through the grooves 5b of the fixed guide member 5, so that each of the locking pawls 3 is connected to the main shaft. Rotation in the circumferential direction is prevented and each position is maintained. 10 is a cylindrical member fitted into the stopper member 6, and a spring 12 is interposed between it and a collar 11 fixed in the main shaft 4, and the distance between the outer surface of the stone 9 member 6 and the inner surface of the main shaft 4 is The sleeve 8 is slidable in the axial direction of the main shaft 4, and a groove 10a is provided on the inner surface, and the rear edge has a generally wedge-shaped cross section.
A lock nut 13 is screwed onto the rear end, and a spring 15 is installed between the lock nut and a collar 14 fixed within the main shaft 4.
is provided.

A pin 16 is inserted into the flange 8a of the sleeve 8, and its tip is engaged with a groove 1a formed in the operating shaft 1, thereby preventing rotation of the sleeve 8. Furthermore, when the tool 17 is inserted, the rear end of the sleeve 8 protrudes from the rear end of the operating shaft 1. 18 is a pressing means (
For example, the rod is a rod of a hydraulic cylinder device), and a protrusion 18a that comes into contact with the rear end surface of the operating shaft 1 is formed at the tip.

When the rod 18 is moved forward to remove the tool 17, the rear end of the sleeve 8 is first pushed, and the sleeve 8 moves forward while compressing the spring 15. As the sleeve 8 moves forward, the movable guide member 7 fixed to the flange 8a moves forward against the spring 9, and the tip of the protruding piece 7a contacts the cylindrical member 10 to move it forward. Thereafter, when the protrusion 18a of the rod 18 comes into contact with the rear end of the operating shaft 1, the sleeve 8 and the operating shaft 1 are simultaneously pressed and moved forward. Immediately before the operating shaft 1 is pushed, the tip of the sleeve 8 comes into contact with the rear end of the locking pawl 3 and pushes up the locking pawl slightly, and as described above, the cylindrical member 10 is pushed by the protruding piece 7a and the locking pawl 3 As the operation shaft 1 moves forward, the protrusion 2 causes the locking pawl 3 to move diagonally using the inclined surface 5a of the fixed guide member 5 and the inclined surface 6a of the stopper member 6 as guides. be slid upwards. At this time, the locking claw 3 is released, and the gripping member 19 attached to the tip of the operating shaft 1 opens to release the tool 17. This released state is maintained by keeping the pressing force of the rod 18 constant.

On the other hand, in order to attach a tool, it is sufficient to insert the tool into the spindle 4 and then release the pressing force of the rod 18. When the pressing force of the rod 18 is released, the sleeve 8 is moved back by the action of the spring 15, and at the same time, the movable guide member 7 is moved back together with the sleeve 8 by the action of the spring 9. In this way, when the movable guide member 7 retreats, the suppression of the cylindrical member 10 by the protruding piece 7a is released, and the cylindrical member 10 is moved by the spring 12.
is pushed back by the action of Then, the inner surface of the cylindrical member 10 contacts and presses the locking pawl 3, causing the locking pawl 3 to slide obliquely backward along the inclined surfaces 5a, 6a. The locking pawl 3 slides to lock onto the protrusion 2 of the operating shaft 1, and also moves the operating shaft 1 rearward. When the operating shaft 1 retreats, the gripping member 19 is pulled to the inner part of the holder as in the conventional case. When the cylindrical member 10 completely presses the locking pawl 3, the substantially wedge-shaped rear end portion fits deeply between the locking pawl 3 and the main shaft 4, creating a so-called wedge action, so that the locking pawl 3 to the operating shaft 1 (protrusion 2) is firmly held, and the gripping member 1
The tool 17 is reliably gripped by the tool 9.

As explained above, the present invention does not grip and fix the tool only with a strong spring as in the past, and therefore
Although the number of springs used is approximately 7 to 10 times smaller than that of conventional springs, it is sufficient. Therefore,
The pressing force exerted by the suppressing means becomes extremely small, allowing the use of a small-capacity driving source and significantly reducing energy consumption. Further, according to the present invention, the operating shaft is locked via the locking pawl due to the wedge action of the cylindrical member, so that gripping and fixing of the tool becomes extremely strong and stable.

Furthermore, unlike the conventional method, strong force is not applied to the bearings, etc., so excellent effects such as protecting the bearings and the main shaft can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional example, Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the main part in the tool gripping state, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the main part in the tool release state. Fig. 4 shows the locking pawl viewed from the rear, Fig. 5 shows the fixed guide member, (a) shows the rear view, (b) shows the central vertical sectional view, and Fig. 6 shows the movable guide member. (a) is a front view, (b) is a central longitudinal cross-sectional view, Fig. 7 is an overall cross-sectional view with the tool gripped, and Fig. 8 is a front view.
The figure is also a sectional view in the tool released state. 1...Operating shaft 2...Flanged protrusion 3...Locking claw 4...Main shaft 5...Fixed guide member 6 .....Strong 272 member 7.....Movable guide member 7a...Protruding piece 8...Sleeve 9....Spring 10... ... Cylindrical member 11 ... Collar 12 ... Spring 13 ... Lock nut 14 ... Collar 15 ... Spring 16 ... ... Bin 17 ... Tool 18 ... Rod 19 ... Gripping member processing ... Holder Patent applicant Mitsui Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd. IC Tsu;

Claims (1)

[Claims] An operating shaft is movably provided within the main shaft, and a tool gripping member attached to its tip closes when the operating shaft retreats to fix the tool inserted into the main shaft, and opens when the operating shaft moves forward to hold the tool. In the removable tool attachment/detachment mechanism, the tool is sandwiched between a constant guide member and a stopper member of the operating shaft so that it can slide along these inclined surfaces, and when the operating shaft is moved backward, the main shaft A cylindrical member that is slidably mounted inside via a spring and whose inner surface is tapered and whose rear edge is shaped like a model pushes the cylindrical member inward and engages the protrusion, causing the operating shaft to move forward. In this case, the rear end is fixed to a sleeve that is slidably fitted to the operating shaft via a spring, and a spring is interposed between the sleeve and the fixed guide member, and a protruding piece that passes through the fixed guide member is provided. A tool characterized in that the cylindrical member is moved forward against a spring by a movable guide member having a movable guide member, and the locking pawl is pushed up at the tip of the sleeve to release the locking from the protrusion. Attachment/detachment mechanism.