JPS5812662A - Method and apparatus for preventing initial fire - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention lowers a transparent flame-retardant film curtain from the ceiling at the early stage of a fire, blocks the passage of generated smoke, toxic gas, etc., suppresses the flow of smoke, etc., and further The present invention relates to a disaster prevention method and device for the initial stage of a fire, which increases the safe escape time for evacuees by changing the direction of the flow, and enables safe extinguishing operations.

In recent years, closed-door structures have become common in high-rise buildings, department stores, hotels, offices, underground malls, etc., but there are still insufficient measures to ensure safety against disasters in the event of a fire in such buildings. In particular, the tendency for damage when a fire occurs in Iruma is not due to the flames themselves or the heat;
The number of casualties due to smoke and toxic gases generated in the event of a fire from materials used in buildings and interior fittings is rapidly increasing, and disaster prevention measures of this type have not yet been developed. The current situation is that cities are becoming more densely populated, and the danger to human life from fires and the like is increasing.

Traditionally, the Building Standards Act requires the installation of fire alarms, sprinklers, smoke-proof partitions, fire doors, etc. in this type of building, but these are effective in terms of disaster prevention against smoke, toxic gas, etc. Gender is questionable.

For example, when a fire occurs, unless the fire shutters 18 are closed before the sprinklers are activated and the fire is extinguished as shown in Figure 7, the smoke generated by the fire will be rapidly absorbed by the hot air. The gas spreads rapidly through the ceiling, reaching the stairwell 19, etc., and ascending the stairs, rapidly expanding the disaster. At the same time, evacuees from the upper floors to the lower floors inhale the gas without any chance of escaping. In the case of fire doors, they are slow to operate, and by the time they are closed, stairwells, etc. are filled with smoke, causing the same situation as described above.Also, once the fire doors are closed, there is only a small pass-through door. Furthermore, since the door is opaque, it is difficult to see what's in front of it, and there is a risk of being psychologically oppressed and trapped, and the evacuees who have no place to escape will go into a state of panic, leading to a catastrophe.

However, in the present invention, before the fire door is activated due to the rise in heat caused by the fire, curtains made of flame-retardant transparent film are lowered to the necessary locations as soon as a fire is detected, to prevent the spread of smoke, etc. Since it is designed to prevent fires and change the flow direction of smoke, etc., the purpose is not to suppress the fire itself, but to delay the occurrence of secondary disasters due to smoke or toxic gas, etc. at the initial stage of the fire. It is possible to increase the time for the evacuees to safely escape, and to reduce as much as possible human losses such as death or injury of the evacuees due to secondary disasters caused by smoke, etc. In addition, as shown in Figure 5, depending on the placement of smoke curtains, the area where the fire occurred can be deprived of oxygen, which can prevent the fire from increasing in strength and can also have the effect of secondary prevention of fire spread, especially in basements and underground malls. It has a remarkable effect on preventing the initial diffusion of smoke, etc. in places where there is no place for smoke to escape. Here, the solid lines are smoke curtains that are activated, and the broken lines are those that are not activated. Also, as shown in Figure 6, there is a wide floor.
In such cases, smoke curtains can be arranged to provide the function of a smoke exhaust tunnel, thereby minimizing damage such as odor and coloring caused by smoke. If smoke can be vented smoothly, fire extinguishing operations can be carried out safely. Here, the solid lines and broken lines are the same as above.

However, since the smoke curtain is transparent, there is good visibility to the evacuation route, and when a person inside the smoke curtain evacuates, the weight of the smoke curtain is flexible, so they can lift it and escape. and is in a good psychological state when confined.

In addition, since the fire door operates after the evacuees have safely escaped, the evacuees are no longer trapped inside the fire door, and there is no need to open or close the door, so the fire door functions as a fire embankment. can be fully demonstrated.

Reference will now be made in detail to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one example of carrying out the invention. 1 is a transparent flame-retardant film-wound roll rotatably installed in the ceiling of a room or hallway, etc., and 2 is a smoke-proof roll made of transparent flame-retardant film with one end fixed to the roll roll / L / 1. It's a curtain. 8 is a weight connected to the lower end of the smoke-proof curtain 2 made of film, and is made of flame-retardant synthetic resin or the like together with the smoke-proof curtain, and is flexible so that evacuees will not be injured even if they collide with it. 4 is a smoke return louver attached to the upper end of the weight 8 on the front and back surfaces of the smoke prevention curtain 2 so as to be openable and closable, and is curved to have a curved surface on the upper surface. Reference numeral 5 denotes a smoke return louver support attached to the smoke return looper 4 from the lower side and the center thereof to the both ends and center of the smoke control curtain 2, respectively.
It supports the smoke return louvers 4 so that they automatically and constantly unfold when the smoke return louvers 4 are lowered, and together with the smoke return louvers 4, they are made of a transparent flame-retardant film similar to the smoke prevention curtain 2. 6 is a weight 8 that is recessed in the ceiling 7 below the winding low tV 1, and the weight holder that closes the lower surface of the storage hole 8 for the smoke return μm bar 4 is a door, which is pivoted in a hinge shape through a stopper 9. This is something that is blocked during normal times. Reference numeral 10 denotes a control panel connected to the stopper 9, which incorporates an automatic device such as a computer. Reference numeral 11 denotes a fire detector, which is connected to the control spring (vlo), and at the same time when the fire detector 11 at a certain location detects a fire, the stopper 9 at the necessary location is opened, the weight holder opens the door 6, and the necessary location is opened. This device is designed to lower the smoke curtain 2 using the gravity of a weight 8.

Reference numeral 12 denotes an emergency button connected to a control spring (vlo), which is used to manually activate the smoke curtain 2 in the event of a similar fire from another location or an evacuation drill. 1B is a buzzer connected to the control panel 10, and is used to notify of the occurrence of a fire or the start of training. 14.14 is a spray header piped above the storage hole 8, and the weight receiver starts pouring water onto the front and back surfaces of the smoke curtain 2 when the door 6 is opened, and the water flows down the front and back surfaces of the curtain 2. Water collects in the automatically expanded smoke return looper, which acts as a weight and cools the curtain, ensuring the effect of preventing high-temperature smoke from spreading. Reference numeral 15 indicates a guide display provided on the front and back surfaces of the smoke-proof curtain 2. 16 is the site where the fire occurred. 17
．． 17 is a guide roll.

The present invention has the above-described structure, and since there is no place for smoke, gas, etc. to escape in the compartment partitioned by the smoke-proof curtain 2, if a fire occurs in the position shown in FIG. 1, the fire detector 11 detects the fire. Consider the case where the smoke curtain 2 is lowered to the position shown in FIG.

First, the smoke generated at the fire site 16 increases in concentration within the compartment that partitions the fire site 16, and even if the smoke comes into contact with the smoke prevention curtain 2, it is returned by the smoke return looper 4 in the opposite direction. The smoke does not spread until it reaches a saturated state, and only then does it spread to the next section, and only when the next section reaches a saturated state does it spread to the next section. , it is possible to delay the arrival time of smoke to stairwell 19 etc., and it is possible to secure time for evacuation of not only the people on the floor where the fire occurred, but also the people on the upper floors using the stairs. Become.

As explained in detail above, since smoke etc. are trapped in stages by the smoke prevention curtain 2, the diffusion speed of smoke etc. can be significantly slowed down, and if the smoke prevention curtain 2 is installed appropriately,
To secure an evacuation route and extend the safe evacuation time in the event of a fire, especially in an underground mall where many people gather, and to suppress smoke, etc. that spreads at a high speed on the ceiling surface, and to appropriately change and guide the flow direction of the smoke. This makes it possible to ventilate and prevent smoke from the stairwell 19, which serves as an escape route. In addition, since the present invention uses a transparent smoke-proof curtain 2, the structural features of the curtain make it easy to secure a clean air layer 20 at the bottom of the curtain 2, and the visibility of the evacuation route is also improved. In addition to greatly improving performance, installation is possible at low equipment costs. In addition, even if the smoke curtains 2 are fully lowered in the early stages of a fire, there is no risk of being trapped like with a fire door, and even in the case of normal evacuation drills, all 4
It is possible to activate it, there is almost no damage to other things due to activation, and it is possible to fully understand the activated state and train.

Even if the device of the present invention is fully activated at the beginning of a fire outbreak, there is little risk of activation, so it can also be an electrically operated type that incorporates a motor-driven winding and rewinding mechanism in a transparent flame-retardant film roll. In that case, in order to secure an evacuation route, the lowering position of the smoke curtain 2 is controlled by a computer in three stages depending on the time since the fire broke out.

In addition, the device of the present invention can be incorporated into the basic system of a smoke exhaust system using computer processing due to dual power supply operation, and it is also possible to predict a fire in advance and activate it in the event of a panic caused by an earthquake or the like in a dangerous area. It is what it is.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The attached drawings show an example of the implementation of the present invention. Figure 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a building equipped with the device of the present invention when a fire breaks out, and Figure 2 is a side view of the smoke curtain when it is stored. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the same main part during operation in the event of a fire; Figure 4 is a perspective view of the smoke curtain unwound from the flame-retardant film roll; The figure is a schematic plan view of the main parts of an example of the use of a smoke prevention tank, and Figure 6 is the same plan view of a smoke exhaust tank.
FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of conventional equipment when a fire occurs in a building or the like. 1... Transparent flame retardant film wrapped roll, 2... Smoke-proof curtain, 8... Weight, 4... Smoke return louver, 5...
...Smoke return louver support, 6...The weight holder is the door, 7...
Ceiling, 8... Storage hole, 9... Stopper, 10...
・Control panel, 11... Fire detector, 12.
...Emergency button, 18...Buzzer, 14...Spray header, 15...Guidance display, 16...Fire scene, 17...Guide roll, 18...Fire shutter, 19...・Staircase, 20...Air layer. Applicant Hideo Aoki (11)

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A disaster prevention method for the early stage of a fire, characterized by blocking the flow of smoke and other gas generated at the early stage of a fire, and further changing the direction of the flow. A roll of transparent flame-retardant film is attached to the upper part of two rooms or hallways, etc., and a smoke return looper is installed at the bottom of the film, and the film is hung manually or by an automatic device such as a computer in the early stages of a fire. A disaster prevention device for the initial stage of a fire, characterized in that it is designed to prevent a fire from occurring.