JPS58123176A - Generating system of deformed pattern - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To show the deformation of characters with a small number of parameters and to attain the quantization for the degree of character deformation, by taking a simple constitution in which the irregular perturbation to the standard character form to generate a deformed character. CONSTITUTION:A signal for initialization is fed to a smoothing circuit 220, a deformation degree arithmetic circuit 250, a rounding circuit 270 and a deformed pattern memory 280 respectively from a control part 290. Then a random number generating circuit 210 produces a single unit of the uniform random number with a timing signal sent through a connection 2901 and sends it to the circuit 220. Further, the timing signal is sent to a perturbation arithmetic circuit 240 through a radio 2902, and the circuit 240 reads the coordinate value of a standard character form and the angle of the normal direction out of a standard character form storing memory 230. The circuit 270 performs a rounding process on the basis of the coordinate value given from the circuit 240 and writes the result of the rounding process to the memory 280. The circuit 250 gives the replacement to the degree of deformation of characters.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (1) Description of the Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of generating deformed patterns in large quantities at high speed with a simple configuration.

(O) Description of the conventional technology A large amount of learning data is usually used to design the identification dictionary of a character reading device, but as an alternative means of data collection, there is a method using artificially generated deformed characters. Regarding methods of artificially generating deformed character patterns, there have been conventional methods that combine various deformation factors, such as linear and non-linear deformation, global and local deformation, etc. to standard glyphs, and methods that combine human writing movements. A method is known in which a character generation model is constructed using a feedback system based on the analysis.

In the former method, linear transformation is realized by rotation, expansion and contraction, etc. using a two-dimensional matrix, and nonlinear transformation is realized by high-order polynomials and other special relationships.

In addition, in the latter method, the human writing movement is understood as a series of minute strokes 110 as shown in Figure 1, the stroke at a certain point is compared with a standard character shape, and the result is fed back to the next step. A method is used to determine the length and direction of the stroke at the point in time.

These conventional methods have the following problems: α) The number of parameters is large, making it difficult to control deformation; h) The amount of processing required to generate deformed characters is large; and C) It is difficult to quantitatively express the degree of deformation. There were drawbacks such as.

C) Purpose of the Invention In order to solve these drawbacks, the present inventor has created a simple structure in which irregular perturbations are added to standard character shapes to generate deformed characters, thereby reducing character deformation with a small number of parameters. In addition, it is possible to quantify the amount of character deformation, and the drawings will be described in detail below.

(4) Explanation of the structure and operation of the invention FIG.
J, 240 is a perturbation calculation circuit, 250 is a deformation calculation circuit,
260 is a deformation amount output terminal, 270 is a thick circuit, 280 is a deformation pattern memory, and 290 is a control section.

To operate this, a signal for initialization is sent from the control unit 290 to the smoothing circuit 220, the deformation amount calculation circuit 250, the thickening circuit 270, and the deformation pattern memory 280, and then the timing signal is sent through the connection 2901. The signal causes the random number generation circuit 210 to generate a uniform random number with a value of (-111).
f[ is generated and sent to the smoothing circuit 220. Also, this timing signal is transmitted to the perturbation calculation circuit 2 through the radio 2902.
40, and the perturbation calculation circuit receives this signal and stores it in the standard shape storage memory 2.
30, the coordinate value of one point on the standard character shape and the normal direction angle are read out.

The smoothing circuit 220 performs a smoothing operation based on the random numbers newly sent from the random number generation circuit 210 and the already stored random numbers, generates one perturbation value as a result, and performs the perturbation calculation. It is sent to the circuit 240 and the deformation amount calculation circuit 250.

The perturbation calculation circuit 240 calculates new coordinate values from the sent perturbation value and the coordinate values and normal angles that have been read out in advance from the standard shape storage memory 230, and sends them to the thickening circuit 270.

The deformation amount calculation circuit 250 uses the perturbation value sent from the smoothing circuit 220 to update the character deformation amount. On the other hand, the thickening circuit 270 performs thickening processing based on the nine coordinate values sent from the perturbation calculation circuit 240, and writes the result into the deformation pattern memory 280. When the above processing is completed, random numbers are generated again using the next timing signal, and the same processing is repeated.

When there are no more coordinate values and normal angles to be read out in the standard glyph storage memory 230, the control unit 290 sends a termination signal to the random number generation circuit 210, smoothing circuit 220, perturbation calculation circuit 240, and deformation amount calculation circuit 250. , thick circuit 270
send to The deformation amount calculation circuit 250 receives this signal and outputs the deformation amount to the output terminal 260, and other circuits stop subsequent processing.

At this point, the deformed pattern memory 280 has the terminal 26
A modified character pattern corresponding to the amount of character modification output to 0 is stored. After continuing to generate a modified character pattern, an initialization signal is sent from the control section 290, and the same process as described above is repeated.

The random number generation circuit, smoothing circuit, perturbation calculation circuit, deformation amount calculation circuit, and thickening circuit used in the present invention can all be realized with a simple configuration, and therefore, various deformed characters can be generated in large quantities at high speed. is possible.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the smoothing circuit 220.

The purpose of this part of the operation is to generate 11 from the random number generation circuit 210.
Next, the series of random numbers sent is smoothed and converted into a series of perturbation values, and the perturbation calculation circuit 240 and the deformation amount calculation circuit 2
50, the 0 smoothing circuit 220 outputs data to the deformation parameter storage memory 2211 and the smoothing coefficient generation circuit 22.
2, a smoothing coefficient storage memory 223, a random number sequence storage memory 224, a multiplier 225, an adder 226, a perturbation value register 227, an address register 228, and an adder 229.

Two deformation parameters A and W are stored in the deformation parameter storage memo 221 from outside in advance.OA is a real value such that A≧O, and W is a positive integer and an odd number. Prior to the deformation pattern generation process, the smoothing coefficient generation circuit 222 refers to the parameters A and W stored in the deformation parameter storage memo IJ 221, and generates W smoothing coefficients ft, I.
h...Generates pw. The smoothing coefficient fK is stored in the smoothing coefficient storage memory 223 at address K (K=1, 2, . . .
..., W) are sequentially stored.

The value of the bar (K=1, 2,..., W) is the following W
We use the function value of the Mouss function.

lx = CA gxpC-18(K--+1)2/(
W-1)2〕・”・(υHowever, W+12 2 C=Σ(-36(K--)/(W-1)) ・・
...(to) 肚12 (K=L2,...,W) In addition, initial values for random number generation are set in advance in the random number generation circuit.

The random number generation circuit 210 is connected to the control unit 29 via the connection @2901.
Upon receiving the initialization signal from 0, the random number generation circuit 210 generates Wlli random numbers and sequentially stores them via the connection 210 from address l to address wl in the random number sequence storage memory 224.

Hereinafter, the memory contents at address L of the random number sequence storage memory 224 will be expressed as fL (L=l, 2, . . . , W).

Next, the perturbation value register 227 and address register 228 are each reset by a timing signal sent from the control unit 290 via the connection 2903, and the value is 0.
O is also set by the same timing signal, and the random number 1fli is sent to the random number sequence storage memory 224 via the random number generation circuit 21011 and the connection 2101. to address W-1, ..., f.

After moving the above to address 2, the above random number ll1 sent
The zero addition 1229 that stores ll at address l counts and amplifies the contents of the address register 22B one by one at timing 2291, and stores the random number sequence storage memory 224 and smoothing coefficient storage memory 223 indicated by the contents of the register. The contents are sent to 1-0 multiplier 225. Multiplier 225 calculates the product of both, and sends the result to adder 226.
The 0 adder 226 that sends 111g to 111g sequentially adds this result to the perturbation value register 227, and when the contents of the 0 address register 228 reach W+1K7Th, these additions and multiplications are stopped. At this point, perturbation value register 2
27 stores a perturbation value r expressed by the following formula.
0, which is sent to the deformation amount calculation circuit 250.

Thereafter, every time a timing signal is received, the control unit 290 repeats the generation of random numbers, shifting the contents of the random number sequence storage memory, the sum-of-products calculation using equation (8), and sending out the perturbation value in the same manner as described above. The process is stopped by the end signal from 0. The series of perturbation values r output from the smoothing circuit 220 via the connection 2201 is obtained by fitting the random number series sent via the connection 2101 using equation (1). It is convolved and smoothed by the function that is passed, and the degree of smoothing is
The amplitude of the perturbation value r is controlled by the parameter A. Therefore, the series of perturbation values r can be controlled by a simple operation of modification I (rewriting the values of A and W in the parameter storage memory).

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the perturbation calculation circuit 240. For the purpose of operation of this circuit, 1. It perturbs the standard glyph shape and causes it to deform. The perturbation calculation circuit 240 includes a perturbation calculation section 241, an address register 242, and an adder 243.

Figure 5 shows the standard character form "
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment using '5'' as an example.

In FIG. 5, the standard glyph 510 is NII! It is assumed that it is composed of character points of il. The standard glyph storage memory 230 stores eight character points J, as shown in FIG.
? Coordinates and normal directions are stored in advance. The normal direction is expressed by the angle between the normal and the X axis. The coordinate values and normal direction are in the order in which characters are actually written by humans, that is, on the side of Figure 5, from address l to
Stored up to address N. Address j (l≦j≦N
), the x1ν coordinate value and the normal direction are respectively set to
enters. Thereafter, every time a timing signal is received from the control unit 290, the adder 243 adds the address register 24 to the address register 24.
Count up 2 by 1. Now, taking the case where the j-th timing signal is received and received as an example, after the adder 243 counts up the address register 242 by 1, the address of the standard glyph storage memory indicated by the contents of the register is referenced. , coordinate value X7. Yi and normal direction θ
j is sent to the perturbation calculation section 241 via the connection 2301.

The perturbation calculation unit 241 receives the perturbation value ri sent from the smoothing circuit 220 via the connection 2201 and the x7. Using y8, calculate the coordinate value Xti1:1 Yl / after adding perturbation according to the following formula, and send the result to the thick circuit 270 via the connection 2401 O X'7 = x7 + r7 as6/・(4)Y'/
= Y/ + rj self al
(0 Equations (4) and (5) calculate the point (X'7XY'71) where the point on the standard glyph (Y/ to This corresponds to

When the sending of X li SY / +1 value is sent.

Then, when the contents of the address register 242 exceed N, a stop signal is sent from the control section 290, and the processing described above is stopped.

In this way, the perturbation calculation circuit 240 is connected to the smoothing circuit 220
It has a function to generate deformed characters by applying perturbations to each point on a standard character shape using perturbation values sequentially sent from .

The parameter A in equation (1) represents the magnitude of perturbation, that is, the magnitude of the average deviation from the standard character shape, and A
The larger the value, the greater the deviation from the standard character shape. Also,
The parameter W in equation (1) represents the degree of change around the standard character shape of the perturbed character line, and the larger W is, the smoother the change is. Figure 6 shows the amount of deformation calculation. 2 is a configuration diagram of a circuit 250. FIG. The purpose of the operation of this circuit is to calculate the amount of character deformation based on the perturbation values sequentially sent from the smoothing circuit 220.
It consists of

An initialization signal sent from the control section 290 via the connection 2904 sets the deformation amount register 252aIJ and sets the value O. The adder 251 adds the absolute value of the perturbation value sent from the smoothing circuit 220 via the connection 2201 to the contents of the deformation amount register 252, and writes the result to rewrite the contents of the deformation amount register 252. While the perturbation value is being sent from the smoothing circuit in response to the timing signal from the control unit 290, the above operation is repeated, and when the end signal is received from the control unit 290,
Stop the operation, receive division by the deformation amount register 252,
The amount of character deformation is output to the output terminal 260.

The value output to the terminal 260 is as follows, which represents the amount of character deformation as the average value of the magnitude of perturbation applied to each point on the standard character shape. With this configuration, the amount of character deformation can be calculated quickly with simple processing.

FIG. 7 shows a thick circuit 270 and a modified pattern memory 28.
0 is a configuration diagram. The purpose of this circuit's operation is to perform thickening processing based on the coordinate values sent from the perturbation calculation circuit 240, and to write the results into the modified button memory.

The thick circuit 270 includes a coordinate register 2711, an adder 272,
Thick area storage memory 273, address register 274,
It consists of an adder 275.

In the modified pattern memory 280, each point of the pattern is represented by 1 bit, that is, points on the character line are represented by 11, and other points are represented by O.

The thick area storage memory 273 satisfies the following formula (ul v
) pair (Uz, Vt) (z=l, 2,...,L)
are stored from address l to address Li.

μ2+ν2≦11(− Here, L is the number of pairs of (μ, υ), and H is a parameter indicating the degree of thickness, which is specified from the outside.

The coordinate register 27 is controlled by the initialization signal sent through the control 1is290jex
1 and the deformed pattern memory 280 are each reset and contain the value 0. Next, when coordinate values are sent from the perturbation calculation circuit 240 via the connection 2401, they are stored in the coordinate register 271.

When the storage is completed, the timing 27b becomes active and starts sending timing signals to the adder 275 at regular intervals thereafter. When the adder 275 receives the timing signal 276, the adder 275 counts up the contents of the address register 274 by 1, and stores the thick area storage memory 27 indicated by the value.
Address No. 3 is referenced.

The coordinate values sent from the perturbation calculation circuit 240 are X/i,
For example, if the contents of the address of the thick area storage memory 273 pointed to Yl8 are Ut and Vt, adder 2
72 is X”7 = X’/ + Uj
(6) Y”7 = Y/7 + VL
Calculate (to) and create new coordinates @ (X”)
, Y'7) to the deformed pattern memory 280 via the connection 2701, and sets a predetermined bit on the memory corresponding to the coordinate to 1. Thereafter, the same process is repeated every time the timing signal 276 is received. When the content of adder 275 becomes L+l, timing 276 stops sending the signal.

Next, when a new coordinate value is sent from the perturbation calculation circuit 240, the coordinate value is stored in the coordinate register 271, and the timing 276 is activated, and the 0 control unit 290 repeats the same process as above. When the end signal is received from the thick [01 path 270, the processing is stopped. At this point, the deformed pattern memory 280 stores a deformed character pattern having a character line width of 2H. Therefore, H
The character line width can be controlled using 0(6)
Description of Effects As explained above, the deformed turn generation according to the present invention is basically composed of a random number generation circuit, a smoothing circuit, a perturbation calculation circuit, and a thick circuit, and the processing of each part is performed while referring to the memory. It is possible to perform only addition and product-sum operations, and does not require complex processing such as nonlinear transformation. Furthermore, the deformation can only be controlled by two parameters.

Therefore, there is an advantage that various modified characters I (turns) can be generated in large quantities at high speed with a simple device configuration.

In addition, if the character deformation amount output from the deformation calculation circuit is used together with the deformed character pattern and applied to the recognition test of a character recognition device, the relationship between character deformation and recognition performance will become clear, and the character recognition device will stabilize against character deformation. You can check the gender.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the conventional deformed pattern generation method, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the method of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the smoothing circuit of FIG. 2. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the perturbation calculation circuit in FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is an implementation of the deformation amount calculation circuit in FIG. 2. Example Block Diagram FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the thick circuit shown in FIG. 2. In the figure, 110 is a minute stroke, 210 is a random number generation circuit, 220 is a smoothing circuit, 230 is a standard shape storage memory, 240 is a perturbation calculation circuit, 250 is a modification calculation circuit,
270 is a thick circuit, 280 is a modified pattern memory, 29
0 indicates a control unit, and 510 indicates a standard character shape. Patent applicant Mori, patent attorney representing Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation 1) Hiroshi↓→→→→ Tol/D Figure 1 $4 item χ Figure 5

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A process of smoothing a series of uniform random numbers and calculating a series of perturbation values, and using the perturbation values to apply perturbations to each point on a standard character shape in the same order as the writing order. Based on the process of calculating the coordinate value of the point, the process of calculating the amount of character deformation from the series of perturbation values, and the coordinate value of each point of the character after perturbation,
A deformed pattern generation method characterized by thickening character lines. (2) A random number generation circuit that sequentially generates uniform random numbers by giving an initial value, and a series of perturbation values that is smoothed by convolving the generated random number series with a function that has parameters for controlling deformation and outputs a series of perturbation values. The standard glyph storage memory stores the coordinate values and normal direction angles of each point on the standard glyph in writing order, and the perturbation values and the coordinate values and normal direction angles read from the standard glyph storage memory. A perturbation calculation circuit i that calculates new coordinate values based on the perturbation calculation circuit, a deformation amount calculation circuit that calculates the amount of character deformation by averaging a series of perturbation values, and a perturbation calculation circuit that calculates new coordinate values based on the coordinate values output from the perturbation calculation circuit. The present invention further includes a thickening circuit that applies thickening processing to a character line by a specified amount, a deformation pattern memory that stores the generated deformation pattern, and a control section that sends necessary control signals to each circuit. Claim No. 1 characterized in (
Deformed pattern generation method described in section 1).