JPS58102255A - Image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To permit desired formation of positive and negative pictures by the simple operation of changing over, for example, an external switch by using a developer having conductivity and magnetism, a developer carrying body having magnets, and a photoreceptor having a transparent conductive substrate. CONSTITUTION:A developer carrying body 8 is a developing sleeve of metal having magnets in the inside, and is connected to an electric power source 10 in such a way that the transparent conductive substrate 7 side of a photoreceptor having, for example, n type photoconductive layer is made negative, by which DC bias of relatively low voltage is applied. When picture light P is irradiated from the substrate 7 side toward the position where the developer contacts with the photoreceptor from an irradiating device 52 for picture light, the developer 42 is stuck on the surface of a bright part photosensitive layer 4, whereby a negative picture is formed. If the DC bias to be applied is increased, the developer 42 sticks in high density in dark parts on the surface of the photoreceptor 4, and the toner image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor is eventually a positive picture.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, as a method of forming a toner image on a JI photoconductor, the photoconductor is uniformly charged and an original m image light or a small number change l#I is used.
By irradiating the charged photoreceptor with image light from a light beam, an image pattern of charges is generated on the photoreceptor.
Direct O difference can be created and named. Next, a developer is applied onto the photoreceptor. When an insulating developer is used as the developer, triboelectric charging is performed on the developer sleeve by contact with other particles, or frictional charging is performed by contact with the developer sleeve. VC on the photoreceptor surface due to the Coulomb skin acting at the threshold between the developed developer and the charge on the photoreceptor.
Attach the name to the punishment and make it a visible image.

In addition, when a conductive O developer is used, the electric charge Ilc existing on the photoreceptor becomes a pair with the electric charge on the photoreceptor on the developer sleeve. A crimped charge is generated, and due to Coulomb 1 acting between the two, the 3#l image agent is deposited on the surface of the optical element to form a visible image.

This AM imaging method is often used to obtain an enlarged positive image. Hereinafter, a brief explanation will be given of how to obtain a positive image by using a photoconductor having N photoconductors as a photoconductor layer on a conductive substrate and using an insulating developer as a developer.

In the diagram, 1 is an Nll photoconductor, 2 is a conductive substrate, and 5 is a body support. When trying out the photoconductor photosensitive layer, first set the photoconductor surface reduction by setting the photoconductor (not shown) by KA'J as shown in Figure 1 (&) VC.
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the surface of the photoreceptor is irradiated with image light, and the surface of the photoreceptor is discharged in the bright area i. However, due to friction, the positive Tlclt was vomited.
The developer A is guided to the reduced surface of the photoreceptor, and as shown in Figure W41 (e), the developer is attracted to the negative charge on the second surface of the dark S photosensitive layer and adheres to it.

In addition, for example, using a photoconductor having an Nll photoconductor and using a conductive batten as a developer, the time required to obtain a positive image is as follows: If the case is the same as shown in Fig. When the developer 41 is guided to the reduced surface of the photoreceptor, the conductive developer 41 has a positive value of 1! ! A charge is induced, and the developer is attached to the negative charge which is absorbed by the reduced area of the photosensitive layer in the dark area.

Above, we took the case of using Nll photoconductor as an example, but
P as a photosensitive layer! 1 When using a photoconductor, charge polarity tiEVcL and insulating developer should also be used.
/AVc, choose one that is negatively charged.

With an ordinary electrophotographic copying machine, Fi is more positive than described above.
There are many objects for the purpose of obtaining an image, but for example, by using a rape beam) Photoreceptor surface 11iliK image 1*Enclosed v-44
In cases such as r, a negative image is desired as a time enlargement. Therefore, in the "image formation method" which consists of the steps of charging, buffing, and development as described above, for example, an Nll photoconductor is prepared as a VcIIA light layer on a conductive substrate, and nine photoreceptors are used. [I will briefly explain the process of obtaining one image using Insulating 8 as a developer. Until the surface reduction of the photoreceptor causes charge leakage and image light irradiation leaks * Draft 1 Figure It's the same as ■Book■.

As shown in Figure 6, the developer is...
G-spirited! Between the developer carrier 3 as the electrode and the conductive substrate 2 of the photoreceptor, there is a potential as large as the surface potential of the dark photosensitive layer! Direct current is applied by power source E so that the conductive substrate side of the photoreceptor is positive.The developer, which is negatively charged by friction Vc, is repelled by the positive charge on the surface of the photosensitive layer on both sides. It does not adhere to the dark-sensitive j-- surface, and on the other hand,
In the bright area i, there is a positive charge generated by the conductive 2s plate 2tC1l of the photoreceptor, and it adheres to the 8Aw7kl114 light immersion source box.For example, the photoreceptor provided with the N star photoconductor and the conductive 4&development Even when forming a negative image using agent 41, as shown in Figure 84, the dark area exposure JilHD surface reduction potential, the direct current bias t, and the direct current bias t, as shown in Figure 84. The developer carrier 3 as a continuous electrode, the conductive substrate 2 of the photoreceptor, and the conductive substrate side to which the oIIIQttc is applied are positive and 7.
The voltage is applied by power source E so that In the dark side, there is no punishment for misbehavior, BAi! In S, conductive developer 4
The negative charges induced on the photoreceptor 1 and the positive charges induced on the photoreceptor 04 and the substrate 2 are combined to adhere to the surface of the photosensitive skin in bright areas.

In the above, we have taken the example of using an N-type photoconductor as a photosensitive layer. 19 We encounter things that are positively charged.

As mentioned above, it is difficult to obtain a positive image and IFm4 red depending on the image form Ik, which consists of the steps of *electronic → agricultural photonic → development, but if the developer used also uses insulating O, For example, if the developer is charged positively to obtain a positive image, a negatively charged developer must be used to obtain a negative image. By simply applying a DC bias between the oys image agent body and the conductive substrate of the photoreceptor as an electrode electrically connected to the electrode, it is possible to obtain both images in 1! do not have.

On the other hand, if the developer used is conductive,
By simply controlling the magnitude of the O DC bias, it is possible to obtain a positive and negative image. However, the DC bias applied to obtain a negative image is
The selection is extremely troublesome due to the influence of the strong name of the initial charge.

The original Ijli expansion was proposed above, and it is made of wood and direct current (
A negative image and a m1ii image can be freely formed on the photoreceptor by applying the image light by appropriately selecting the steepness of the voltage without changing the IASUMI pressure.
1. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple image forming method in which exposure and imaging are performed simultaneously without the need for a charging process 11.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present invention provides a 17JL solution having conductivity and magnetism, a developer carrier having a magnet for holding the developer, an electrode electrically connected to the developer, and a transparent conductive When using a photoreceptor with a substrate, if the photoreceptor layer in this photoreceptor is a NIL photoconductor, the tea photoreceptor force is negative; if the photoreceptor layer is a P-type photoconductor, the photoreceptor side is positive; If the photosensitive layer is a photoconductor of bipolar composite HtipH/N, applying a DC bias between the electrode and the photoconductor so that the Ki1 photoconductor is negative; A step of introducing the developer onto the surface of the photoreceptor and simultaneously irradiating the photoreceptor at the position where the developer was introduced with image light on the side of the transparent conductive substrate of the photoreceptor; The image forming method of the present invention is characterized by the step of selecting whether to obtain a negative image on the surface of the photoreceptor by applying the direct current bias to a relatively low voltage or to obtain a negative image on the surface of the photoreceptor. About the drawings
I will explain. FIG. 5 shows an example of a configuration for image formation according to the method of the present invention. A photoreceptor is constructed by laminating these three layers: 4 tit optical layers, 5 transparent conductive layers, 6 magnification Wi41, and a Mylar substrate. Reference numeral 8 denotes a carrier for holding the developer, which contains magnets arranged in an appropriate manner.
The lever rotates to convey the developer on the carrier in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the photoreceptor. Hereinafter, the transparent conductive layer 5 and the transparent substrate 6 will be combined to form a transparent conductive substrate 7, a developer carrier which is electrically connected to the developer 42 and also serves as an electrode, and a transparent conductive group [7]. A suitable DC bias is applied by power supply E during this period. The above-mentioned developer carrier 8 is optimally a metal developing sleeve having a magnet inside.69. This sister is f at the same time as above
A. It can be used as an electrode electrically connected to the agent.

Now, as the photosensitive layer 4, for example, a photoreceptor having a Nm photoconductive layer and a 3J material having conductivity and magnetism are used.
In the process of depositing a developer onto a photoreceptor and forming an image, the brightness is increased as follows.

As shown in FIG. 6, a relatively low voltage DC bias is applied to the threshold between the developing sleeve and the transparent conductive substrate of the photoreceptor O by the power supply 10 so that the transparent conductive substrate side is negative. The conductive magnetic developer 42 held on the IIC developing sleeve on the surface of the photoconductor is directed toward the transparent conductive substrate side at the same time as the image light irradiator 52 (FIG. 5) until the developer contacts the photoconductor. Light P is irradiated. According to the photocharge 12 generated and moved in the photosensitive layer 4 by exposure, 1 is transferred to the conductive developer 4 held on the image sleeve.
A positive charge 13 is induced in the photosensitive layer 2, and a relatively strong electric field is generated there. Due to the Coulomb force, the developer 42 adheres to the surface of the photosensitive layer in the bright area as shown in the 1st Q, and a negative image can be obtained. In the above image forming process, even in the dark part of the image (turn), the area including the dark part photosensitive layer between the conductive developer 42 and the transparent conductive substrate 7 is already charged due to the capacitance (sitance). -15 is induced and weakens and an electric field exists, causing it to crack.Therefore, Coulomb force is acting on the conductive developer 42 even in the dark sVc, and this force often causes soil force pre-force. is the direct current applied by the power source 10 between the developing sleeve 9 and the conductive substrate 7 of the photoreceptor]
(By making the suddenness of the bias relatively small, it is possible to suppress the VH force to an extremely low level.

Although the above example uses the Nll photosensitive layer, similar results can be obtained using other photosensitive layers by selecting the polarity of the DC bias applied between the developing sleeve 9 and the transparent conductive substrate 7. When using a t#pm photosensitive layer tm%/%, apply a DC bias so that the developing sleeve side is negative, and when using a bipolar or PIE-Nllll double line optical layer, change the polarity of the DC bias. Please select appropriately.
.

On the other hand, the direct current bias applied to the developing sleeve 9, the photoreceptor 0, the transparent conductive substrate 7, and the O gate will greatly increase the dullness and power of the driver. On the other hand, even in the exposed areas, i.e., the bright areas, the image becomes more pale, but when the applied DC bias reaches a critical condition, the conductive developer 42 finally appears in the bright areas. will no longer adhere. To sum up, the developer 42 adheres to the conductive layer 1 in the above-mentioned portion of the soil, that is, in the dark S, and in the exposed portion, that is, the bright area. It becomes a dark image.

The process of obtaining this positive image' in FIG. 8 will be explained below. As shown in FIG. 6, photocharges 1 are generated and moved in an image pattern by line image exposure in bright areas.
2, a charge of 1 is applied to the conductive developer 42 on the developing sleeve.
3 is induced. When the direct current bias applied between the leakage image spur 9 and the transparent conductive substrate 7 of the photoreceptor is very sudden, the charge 13 induced in the photocharge 12 and the conductive developer 42 ] The electric field formed is large, and if it exceeds a certain standard, these OK charges 13 will be separated from the developer 42 and J
The contact points of the photoconductor screen are neutralized by passing through each other, and as a result, the developer 42 loses 15t of charge and does not adhere to the surface of the photoconductor, but is transferred onto the developing sleeve 9 by receiving the magnetic force from inside the sleeve. It is thought that it was taken over and held again.

J On the other hand, as mentioned above, in the dark side, there is a
By increasing the applied DC bias, the toner adheres to the surface of the photoreceptor at a high concentration, and the toner image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor eventually becomes an S image.

Although FIG. 8 uses an Nll photosensitive layer, similar results can be obtained even if a tC*O photosensitive layer is used as described above by selecting the polarity of the DC bias O to be applied.

It has been described above that a positive image can be obtained on the surface of the photoconductor by charging the photoconductor.However, as mentioned above, in order to form an image, it is possible to easily image an image without requiring any charging process. Formation can be carried out. Furthermore, the same photoreceptor tM%A was used.
The only way to operate whether to obtain an image or to obtain a positive image is to change the magnitude of the applied DC bias. A positive image and a negative image can be easily selected and obtained by changing a single switch 111).

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a ring rack for carrying out the method of the present invention. The main components include a transparent conductive substrate 7 and a photosensitive layer 4 as a photoreceptor, and an imager 5.
0 is a developer carrier having a magnet inside and 5A is a developer 4.
2 for meeting the electrodes electrically connected to the
The photoreceptor must be electrically conductive and magnetic, and the exposure should be carried out through the slit 29 from the transparent conductive substrate side of the photoreceptor toward the position where the developer contacts the surface of the photoreceptor.

A DC bias is applied by a power source 50 between the elementary electrode and the transparent conductive substrate, which are electrically connected to the developer, and its magnitude can be changed by switching the voltage switch 27.

Figure 10 shows an example of an electric circuit for changing the DC bias applied to the variable switch 27Vc.

This electric circuit is an application of a well-known switching regulator circuit, in which two sets of voltage detection sections on the output side are provided, and the detection voltage of both is set to a value of 'kA', and the switch 27 is used to switch between the two. It is.

In 4101i, I and I are tll connection II terminals, and o and o are output terminals.

It was. The slit 29 can be used to change the slit 41IK according to the switching of the DC voltage (IAS). The slit width is made relatively narrow when a relatively low voltage DC bias tube is applied to obtain a relatively wide negative image. Avoid overexposure when forming images.

This is to provide sufficient exposure when forming a negative image (by applying a relatively high voltage (0) and direct current bias (0)).

It is known that excessive exposure often lowers the resistance of the surface of the photosensitive layer. and.

When obtaining the negative image, it is preferable that the resistance of the second image of the exposed photosensitive layer is lowered when exposed to light. That is, due to the above-mentioned image formation excess sVc, the photocharge 1
2 and conductivity I! This is because the charges 1'5 induced in the developer 42 easily pass through the interface between the respective charges and are neutralized. On the other hand, when obtaining the negative image,
Due to excessive exposure to light, charge O passing through the interface may be neutralized, causing irradiation. Therefore the sleeve of me) 29
1 additionally provided, jI light amount tk! Having four sections is very effective in stabilizing image formation. However, it is possible to obtain sufficiently clear positive and negative images without necessarily increasing the exposure amount tw4 depending on the slit 291.

FIG. 11 shows an example of the slit IIjA14 adjustment means 01, in which one or both of the Il moving pieces 51 and 32 are moved left and right to change the slit width Tt and T' to adjust the exposure amount. . This exposure amount &41a does not necessarily have to be a slit, but can also be done with other hands JR. However, adjusting the exposure amount by means of a slit is particularly effective for the reasons described below.

As mentioned above, when obtaining a positive image, it is effective to provide sufficient exposure5, and when obtaining a negative image, it is effective to provide a stable negative image without overexposure. In order to obtain this, the exposure must be terminated until the developer 42 in contact with the photoreceptor is separated from the surface of the photoreceptor (111). This means that when the rear O sliding piece 31 moves in the direction of movement of the photoreceptor as shown by the dotted line in , the charge 1 induced in the photocharge 12 and developer 42 on the photoreceptor source surface during exposure.
Even if there is some neutralization between 3 and 3.

From the end of exposure until the developer 42 is separated from the surface of the photoreceptor, the EiIo resistor expands on the photoreceptor surface, and the developer 42 is applied to the exposed area according to the theory described above. This is because it is thought that it will adhere sufficiently.

FIG. 12 shows the state of developer adhesion immediately after a negative image is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor by applying a relatively low voltage DC bias. The developer adheres to the surface of the bright photosensitive layer due to the strong Coulomb force between the photocharge 12 near the surface of the photoreceptor and the charge 13 of the developer 42. On the other hand, on the surface of the photosensitive layer in the dark area, the capacitance between the transparent conductive substrate 7 and the developer 42 causes the developer to be charged by a relatively weak Coulomb charge (14@15). is attached and becomes soil power.
Ru. The photoreceptor surface TM, which is in this state of 1 m, is immediately reproduced as an image by the second developing sleeve 33 which is grounded as shown in FIG. ζO On the second developing sleeve 35, there is a daughter 9
Particles 54 having electrical conductivity and amorphous properties are held and processed by a magnet disposed within the second developing sleeve. The particles 34 may be a conductive magnetic developer used in the previous 4011 image, or other conductive magnetic particles.

When the conductive magnetic particles 64 held on the grounded second developing sleeve approach the positively charged developer 42 on the surface of the photoreceptor, the particles on the second developing sleeve are A negative charge is induced on the particles 34. As a result, the thermal force exerted on the positively charged developer 42 on the surface of the photosensitive layer in the bright area is attracted toward the photoreceptor due to the Coulomb island between it and the photocharge 12 near the surface of the photoreceptor. As the force attracted in the direction of the second developing sleeve, the Coulomb force between the charges induced in the conductive magnetic particles 54 and the OII force from the second developing sleeve 33 can be considered. However, since the Coulomb 1 between the developer on the surface of the bright photosensitive layer and the photocharge 12 near the surface of the photoreceptor is strong %/-h, the developer 42 still falls on the surface of the photoreceptor. However, since the dark area photosensitive layer surface O developer 42 is attracted toward the photoreceptor, the ζO reproduction image causes it to be drawn away from the photoreceptor surface due to the weak resistance between it and the charge 14 on the transparent conductive substrate 7. Second developing sleeve '5! It is thought that the soil is attracted to S and as a result, the soil power disappears.

On the other hand, when a positive image is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor by applying a high voltage DC bias.

The charge of the developer 42' on the surface of the dark photosensitive layer and the transparent conductive substrate 7
It is thought that the Coulomb 7J+ between the two is a strong %A one, and the 3A developer remains on the surface of the photoconductor even after the image is reproduced by the second developing sleeve 33.
An example of Rt provision nine placement is shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, 35 is a developing device equipped with two developing sleeves, and 17. The two sleeves 9 and 33 are substantially insulated by an insulating partition plate 51. or these two sleeves 9
・33 may be housed in separate 03J imagers.

Usually, when a conductive developer is used to form an AT shadow on the surface of a photoreceptor, it is a fact that the conductive developer often loses its charge within a short time after being attached to the surface of the photoreceptor. Therefore, in order to remove the above-mentioned salt turn 9t, it is necessary to complete the O reproduction image line before the conductive developer loses its power. It is preferable to install it as close as possible to the brave sleeve 9 that performs this. In addition, as mentioned above, conductive developer tends to naturally lose its charge when it adheres to the second surface of the photoreceptor, so there is no need for a cleaning agent, which is a significant advantage. be. .

The basic configurations and additional configurations of various devices for carrying out the image forming method of the present invention have been described above, but these devices can be applied to a wide variety of uses.

For example, as shown in the mis diagram, a photographic film, which is normally a negative film, can be viewed as a positive image, Fi, or breast image. In the same figure, the transfer means for IC is shown as vh.
Alternatively, after image formation, the image may be transferred to a transfer object such as paper.
026 is an original illumination lamp, 25 is a negative film, and 28 is a transparent negative film installation stand, which moves in accordance with the movement of the photoreceptor. 18 is a reflecting mirror, 29 is a carved sleeve),
30, the above-mentioned developing device; 50, a DC power source; and 27, a variable switch, which can be operated from outside the apparatus. 20 is a display illumination wrap, and 21 is an O transparent protector such as glass.

22 is a photoreceptor having a transparent conductive substrate; 19 is a static elimination wrap for attaching the optical layer 11' to the photoreceptor;

When the film 25 is illuminated with the original illumination wrap 26,
The light passes through the optical lens 24, is reflected by the reflecting mirror 18, passes through the sleeve 25t, and is irradiated onto the photoreceptor at a position facing the developer. At this time, a negative image is formed on the photoreceptor due to the DC bias set in advance (by the external switch 27), and a negative image is formed on the photoreceptor by the static elimination lamp 19 so that no trace of light layer remains on the photoreceptor. After being displayed on the device, it is sent to a display section 9 for display. Thereafter, the image may be transferred to a transfer material such as paper by placing the image on a transfer plate. The developing device 30ti#E14 may be provided with a separate sleeve for removing soil burrs as shown in FIG.

As described in detail above, the image forming method of the present invention has the effect of being able to obtain a positive image with a simple operation, for example by switching an external switch. It can be applied to various purposes.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 0 (=) are explanatory diagrams of the process of obtaining a positive image by the conventional image forming method using an insulating @body test, the same diagrams above using a conductive developer, and Figure 6. The figure uses an insulating developer.
An explanation of how to obtain a shadow image using conventional image forming methods.
Figure 4 shows the method of forming an image of the present invention using a conductive developer at its tail. Obtaining a negative image by
iO explanatory diagram, Figure 8 is the same diagram as above for obtaining a positive image, 891m is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for carrying out the image forming method of the present invention, Figure 10 is the ninth electrical circuit diagram for changing the DC bias, and Figure 11 is the slit An example of the configuration of the width adjusting means, FIGS. 12 and 13 are clear diagrams of the expanded capri removal OS, and FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for carrying out the image forming method of the present invention equipped with a ground force blur removal means.
The figure is a schematic diagram of an image display device applied to the image forming method of the present invention. 1 TiNml photoconductor, 2 a conductive substrate, 5@8 a developer carrier, 41 and 42 a developer, and 4 a photosensitive layer. 7. A transparent conductive substrate consisting of a transparent conductive layer 5 and a conductive substrate 6, 9.53 developing sleeve, 12 a photo charge, 1
5 to 15 are power supplies, 27 is a changeover switch, 29 is a slit, and E.10 Hiro power supply. Figure 1 (C) Figure 8 Figure 1 (b) Figure 3 Figure 2 Figure 7 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (13) A developer having electrical conductivity and sulfuric properties. h A developer carrier having a magnet that holds a 11I developer. An electrode electrically connected to the m developer. Transparent. A photoconductor having a conductive substrate is used. When the photoconductor layer in this photoconductor is an Nll photoconductor, the photoconductor side is negative, and when the photoconductor layer is a Pm photoconductor, the photoconductor side is positive, and the photoconductor side is positive. Layer is bipolar or Pal
, If it is a photoconductor of Nll compound &C photosensitive body
a step of applying a DC bias between the electromotive force and the photoreceptor so that Et is negative; At the same time, the developer is introduced onto the entire surface of the photoconductor.
and a step of irradiating image light onto the photoreceptor from the transparent conductive substrate side of the photoreceptor in the ninth positioning. Select whether to obtain a positive image on the photoreceptor with a DC bias of 1*s as a high voltage or to obtain a positive image on the photoreceptor with a relatively low voltage. 641. An image forming method characterized by comprising the steps of: 641.
(3) The hand R for controlling the exposure amount is a slit, and the width of the slit at least in the rear part is narrowed in the direction of movement of the photoreceptor. Category 11t (image forming method described in Section 13).