JPH1184821A - Electrifying member and electrifying device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress deformation, to prevent production of image defects, to decrease the surface hardness and to prevent production of noises or scraping of the objective body to be electrified by forming a water-based coating film in which resin having active hydrogen is crosslinked with an oxazoline crosslinking agent having two or more oxazoline groups. SOLUTION: This electrifying member 1 has an elastic layer 3 and a coating film 4 formed on the elastic layer 3. The member may be formed in any form as far as it can stably touch the objective body to be electrified and gives uniform charges to the layer to be electrified. The coating film 4 consists of a water-based coating film comprising resin having active hydrogen crosslinked with an oxazoline crosslinking agent having two or more oxazoline groups. As the resin having active hydrogen, water-based resin having active hydrogen such as carboxyl groups, hydroxyl group, amino groups is used. Any kinds of water-based resin can be used as far as water is used as solvent.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging member and a charging device suitably used for charging an object to be charged such as a photoreceptor in an electrophotographic or electrostatic latent image process in a copying machine, a printer or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art
In electrostatic latent image processes such as copiers and printers,
The surface of the photoreceptor is uniformly charged, an image is projected from the optical system onto the photoreceptor, a latent image is formed by erasing the charge of the light-exposed portion, and then a toner image is formed by toner adhesion. Printing is performed by forming an image and transferring a toner image to a recording medium such as paper.

[0003] In this case, a corona discharge method is generally employed for the first operation of charging the photosensitive member. However, since this corona discharge method requires application of a high voltage of 6 to 10 kV, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of safe maintenance of the machine. Also, ozone,
Since harmful substances such as NO _x is generated, there are also environmental issues.

[0004] For this reason, charging schemes that can perform charging with a lower applied voltage than corona discharge and that can suppress the generation of harmful substances such as ozone have been undertaken. As a method, a contact method has been proposed in which a charging member to which a voltage is applied is brought into contact with a member to be charged such as a photoreceptor at a predetermined pressure to charge the member to be charged.

In this case, as a charging member used in this contact charging method, for example, a resin solution in which a resin such as urethane or nylon is dissolved in an organic solvent is dipped on the surface of an elastic layer such as rubber or urethane foam. It is known that a coating layer such as urethane or nylon is formed by applying the coating by a spraying method or the like to secure the smoothness of the surface and prevent the adhesion of the toner.

However, in the contact charging method, since the charging member is in pressure contact with the member to be charged such as a photoreceptor for a long time, the charging member is likely to be deformed. If the deformation is not restored, an image defect occurs. Will be done. For this reason, it is required that the elastic body and the coating film constituting the charging member have a small compression set.

In order to reduce the compression set of the charging member, the elasticity of the coating film may be increased by, for example, crosslinking the resin forming the coating film. When the resin is crosslinked, inconveniences such as an increase in the hardness of the coating film, an increase in noise, and a problem in that the surface of a member to be charged such as a photoreceptor that is in direct contact with the coating film are liable to occur.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, is less likely to cause deformation, can prevent image defects due to deformation as much as possible, and has a sufficiently low surface hardness and noise. It is an object of the present invention to provide a charging member that does not cause inconvenience such as generation or scraping of a member to be charged, and a charging device using the charging member.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems and Embodiments of the Invention As a result of diligent studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor has found that an elastic layer is provided directly or through another layer outside the elastic layer. The above-mentioned coating layer of the charging member having the coating layer formed by the above was crosslinked with a resin having active hydrogen such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group or an amino group using an oxazoline-based crosslinking agent having two or more oxazoline groups. By forming with a water-based coating film, a charging member having a low surface hardness of 80 ° or less can be obtained despite the fact that the compression set is small and deformation is unlikely to occur. The present invention has been found to be able to prevent the occurrence of image defects due to the deformation of the charging member and to prevent the occurrence of inconveniences such as generation of noise and shaving of the member to be charged as much as possible. Completed It is intended.

Therefore, according to the present invention, by applying a voltage to the member to be charged while contacting the member to be charged,
In a charging member for charging a member to be charged, an elastic layer and a coating layer formed directly or via another layer outside the elastic layer, wherein the coating layer has active hydrogen Is a water-based coating film obtained by crosslinking the above with an oxazoline-based crosslinking agent having two or more oxazoline groups.

Further, the present invention provides a charging member which comprises a charging member which contacts a member to be charged and charges the member to be charged, and a voltage applying means for applying a voltage between the member to be charged and the charging member. In the apparatus, there is provided a charging device characterized by using the charging member of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
As described above, the charging member of the present invention has an elastic layer and a coating layer formed on the elastic layer, and its form can be stably contacted with the member to be charged. Any form may be used as long as it can uniformly apply electric charge to the layer to be charged, and for example, various forms such as a roll, a plate, a block, a sphere, and a brush can be used. Usually, it is preferable to use a roll shape or a plate shape. In the case of forming in a roll shape, for example, as shown in FIG.
The charging member 1 having the coating layer 4 formed outside the elastic layer 3 can be provided. In this case, the shaft 2 may be a metal or plastic shaft, and may be omitted depending on the form of the charging member and the mechanism of the charging device using the charging member.

The elastic layer 3 is not particularly limited, and may be rubber, resin, or a foam thereof (hereinafter, referred to as a rubber or resin).
"Foam"), specifically, polyurethane, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber,
Rubber compositions using isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, polynorbornene rubber, styrene-phthaladiene-styrene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, and the like as a base rubber are exemplified, and polyurethane is particularly preferable. More preferably, a polyurethane foam having an expansion ratio of 1.5 to 50 times is used. The foam density in this case is 0.0
About 5 to 0.9 g / cm ³ is appropriate.

A conductive material is added to the elastic layer 3.
Thereby, a predetermined resistance value can be provided. So
The conductive material is not particularly limited,
Methyl ammonium, stearyl trimethyl ammonium
System, octadodecyltrimethylammonium, dodecyl
Trimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylan
Monium, modified fatty acid, dimethylethylammonium salt
Perchlorate, chlorate, borofluoride, sulfuric acid
Salt, ethosulfate salt, benzyl bromide salt, benzyl chloride
Quaternary ammonium such as benzyl halide salts
Cationic surfactants such as salts, aliphatic sulfonates, high
Grade alcohol sulfate, higher alcohol ethylene
Oxide addition sulfates, higher alcohol phosphates
Steal salt, higher alcohol ethylene oxide added phosphoric acid
Anionic surfactants such as ester salts and various betaines
Zwitterionic surfactant, higher alcohol ethylene oxa
, Polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyhydric alcohol
Nonionic antistatic agents such as
Antistatic agent, LiCF_ThreeSO_Three, NaClO_Four, LiAs
F₆, LiBF_Four, NaSCN, KSCN, NaCl, etc.
Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺There are metal salts of Group 1 of the periodic table such as
Or NH_Four ⁺Electrolytes such as salts, and Ca (ClO_Four)_Twoetc
Ca²⁺ , Ba²⁺ Metal salts of the second group of the periodic table, such as
These antistatic agents have at least one hydroxyl group,
Isocyanes such as ruboxyl groups and primary or secondary amine groups
With active hydrogen-reactive groups
Can be Further, they and 1,4-butanediol,
Ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene
Polyvalent alcohols such as len glycol and polyethylene glycol
Complexes such as coal and its derivatives or ethylene glycol
Lumonomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl
Ionic conductive agents such as complexes with monols such as ethers, or
Is the introduction of Ketjen Black EC, acetylene black, etc.
Conductive carbon, SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, G
Rubber carbon such as PF, SRF, FT, MT, etc., oxidation treatment
Color (ink) carbon and pyrolysis carbo
, Natural graphite, artificial graphite, antimony
Doped tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel,
Metals such as copper, silver, germanium and metal oxides, polya
Conductive poly such as nilin, polypyrrole, polyacetylene
And the like. In this case, the amount of these conductive agents
Is appropriately selected according to the type of the composition.
Has a volume resistivity of 10⁰-10⁸Ω · cm, preferably 10
^Two-10⁶It is adjusted to be Ω · cm.

Next, the coating layer 4 is formed of an aqueous coating obtained by crosslinking a resin having active hydrogen with an oxazoline crosslinking agent having two or more oxazoline groups.

As the resin having the active hydrogen, an aqueous resin having an active hydrogen such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group or an amino group is used. In this case, the aqueous resin may be any type as long as the solvent is water, Any of a water-soluble type, an emulsion type and a suspension type may be used. Specific examples of such a resin include resins such as polyester-based, acrylic-based, urethane-based, and hot-water-soluble resins such as polydioxolan, and in particular, acrylic resins have been conventionally used as resins for charging members. Since the dielectric constant is considerably smaller than urethane resin and nylon, the capacitance is also small, and the electric attraction and repulsion between the charging member and the photoreceptor due to the application of AC voltage is reduced, and the charging noise is improved. Therefore, it is preferably used.
Among acrylic resins, especially, the glass transition temperature is -5.
A soap-free emulsion type having a carboxyl group and hydroxyl group content of 2 to 5% by weight at a temperature of 0 ° C. or more and 10 ° C. or less is preferably used because of its excellent crosslinking effect and low hardness.

The oxazoline-based cross-linking agent for cross-linking the aqueous resin may be any water-soluble one having two or more oxazoline groups, and is not particularly limited. Base equivalent is 300 ~
Those having an oxazoline group equivalent of more than 1,000 are preferably used, and those having an oxazoline group equivalent of more than 1000 are difficult to handle at room temperature because of their large molecular weight, and those having an oxazoline group equivalent of less than 300 have too high reactivity to cause gelation. Is not preferred.

The coating layer 4 can be provided or adjusted with conductivity by adding a conductive agent, and usually has a volume resistivity of 10 ³ to 10 ¹² Ωcm, particularly 10 ⁵ to 10 ¹⁰ Ωcm. It is preferable to adjust as follows. In this case, as the conductive agent, the same conductive agent as that exemplified in the elastic layer 3 can be exemplified, but carbon is particularly preferably used. The amount of the conductive agent to be added is appropriately selected depending on the type of the conductive agent and the like so as to have the above volume resistivity, and is not particularly limited. To 60% by weight, especially about 10 to 40% by weight.

Further, appropriate additives such as a thickener, a thixotropy-imparting agent, and a structural viscosity-imparting agent can be added to the coating layer 4 as needed. The additive may be either inorganic or organic.

The thickness of the coating layer 4 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a thin layer so as not to impair the flexibility of the elastic layer 3, specifically 1 mm or less, more preferably 800 μm. Hereinafter, it is particularly preferable to set the thickness to 20 to 600 μm.

Although not particularly shown in FIG. 1, the charging member of the present invention may further include one more layer on the coating layer 4 according to the purpose of preventing toner adhesion and ensuring surface smoothness. Or 2
More than one outer layer can be provided.

The outer layer can be formed of any suitable resin such as nylon, polyester, urethane-modified acrylic resin, phenol resin, acrylic resin, oxazoline resin, urethane resin, urea resin, fluororesin, etc. In particular, a fluororesin is preferably used from the viewpoint of the surface smoothness of the charging member and low adhesion to a photoreceptor or the like.

Examples of the fluororesin include polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, Polychlorotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, and the like, and a dispersion-type aqueous fluororesin obtained by dispersing these fine particles in water is particularly preferably used. ,
More preferably, a dispersion type aqueous fluororesin in which fine particles of polytetrafluoroethylene are dispersed in water is used. The particle size of the fluororesin fine particles used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 μm or less, particularly preferably 0.05 to 1 μm.

The outer layer can be formed by mixing other resins with these fluororesins as long as the effect of the fluororesins is not impaired. In this case, as the other resin mixed with the fluororesin, polyvinyl acetal resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, nylon resin, epoxy resin, vinylidene chloride copolymer, etc. The outer layer can be formed by mixing two or more kinds with the fluororesin. Among these resins, polyvinyl acetal resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, and vinylidene chloride-based copolymer are preferable from the viewpoint of film formation and resistance uniformity of the fluororesin, particularly preferably polyvinyl acetal resin, and particularly water-based fluororesin. By combining with the aqueous polyvinyl acetal resin, a uniform coating film can be formed even when the weight ratio of the aqueous fluororesin is set high. Furthermore, when a water-based fluororesin and a vinylidene chloride-based copolymer latex are combined, it becomes possible to form a uniform coating film and to improve the barrier property against water vapor, gas and the like and the water resistance.

In this outer layer, a conductive agent can be added to impart or adjust the conductivity. In this case, the conductive agent is not particularly limited, but carbon is preferably used, and particularly, the charging member is used. It is preferable to use carbon as a conductive agent for the outermost layer that forms the surface of the substrate. In this case, the carbon used for the outer layer is not particularly limited, but has an oxygen content of 5% or more, particularly 7%.
% Or more, more preferably 9% or more, and p
H is preferably 5 or more, particularly 6 or more, and more preferably 7 or more. That is, the oxygen content of ordinary carbon is 0.1 to
It is about 3%, and there is a part of carbon which has been oxidized. However, the carbon which has been oxidized tends to shift its pH to an acidic side as the oxygen content increases slightly. If the carbon becomes acidic, the stability may decrease when added to the aqueous fluororesin.
On the other hand, the carbon suitably used in the present invention maintains neutrality or alkalinity despite having a high oxygen content, and can be stably added to the aqueous fluororesin. . Such oxygen content and p
Although the detailed structure of the carbon having H is not clear,
It is preferable to use a carbon surface in which functional groups such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, and a ketone group are provided, and a part of hydrogen contained in these functional groups is substituted with an alkali metal such as sodium.

The amount of the conductive agent to be added can be appropriately adjusted so as to obtain a desired resistance. in this case,
The resistance of the outer layer is preferably set to a volume resistivity of 10 ³ to 10 ¹² Ω · cm, particularly preferably 10 ⁵ to 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm, and the amount of the conductive agent added is adjusted so as to achieve such a volume resistivity. When carbon is used as the conductive agent, the amount of addition is usually about 0.01 to 40% by weight, particularly about 5 to 20% by weight of the outer layer.

To the outer layer, as in the case of the coating layer 4, an appropriate additive such as a thickener, a thixotropy-imparting agent, or a structural viscosity-imparting agent is added, if necessary, in an appropriate amount. In this case, the additives may be either inorganic or organic.

The thickness of the outer layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 μm or less, particularly preferably 5 to 15 μm. When the thickness of the outer layer exceeds 30 μm, the outer layer becomes hard and the flexibility becomes low. It may be damaged, the durability may be reduced, and cracks may occur due to use.

The method for forming the coating layer 4 and, if necessary, the outer layer formed on the coating layer 4 is not particularly limited. A method of preparing and applying this paint by dipping or spraying is preferably used.

The charging member of the present invention has the elastic layer 3, the coating layer 4, and the outer layer provided as necessary, and can be formed into a roller shape as shown in FIG. 1, for example. However, if necessary, another layer may be provided between the elastic layer 3 and the coating layer 4. For example, when the elastic layer 3 is formed using a polyurethane foam, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, a nylon resin, or the like is used for the purpose of preventing noise when voltage is applied and improving the surface smoothness of the elastic layer 3. Resin, epoxy resin, urethane-modified acrylic resin, butyral resin,
A noise prevention layer or the like in which a conductive agent is added to a base resin such as a phenol resin, a vinylidene chloride-based copolymer, or a polyvinyl acetal resin may be provided.

In the charging member of the present invention, by using the above-mentioned water-based coating film as the coating film layer 4, the surface hardness can be sufficiently reduced despite the fact that the deformation hardly occurs. In order to reliably prevent noise and damage to the photoreceptor, the surface hardness of the member should be 8 micro hardness.
It is preferably 0 ° or less, particularly preferably 75 ° or less, and more preferably 50 to 75 °. According to the charging member of the present invention, even when the outer layer is formed on the coating layer 4, by setting the thickness and the like of the outer layer to the above ranges, the micro hardness of the member surface can be set to such a preferable range. You can do it.

The micro hardness is 0.16 m in diameter.
A hardness value is obtained from a pressing needle biting amount (displacement) at that time when a pressing needle having a diameter of 0.5 mm and a diameter of 0.5 mm is pressed against the sample, and the sample is deformed. This makes it possible to measure the hardness of thin and small samples that have been difficult. Therefore, when the surface hardness of the charging member is measured by this micro hardness, it shows a hardness in a very shallow (thin) range from the surface as compared with the conventional Asker C hardness. The hardness in a very shallow range from a rough surface can be relatively low. Such micro hardness is a commercially available micro hardness tester,
For example, a micro hardness tester MD-1 manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.
It can be easily measured.

If the surface of the charging member has irregularities, the toner may be clogged in the concave portion, which may cause an image defect. Therefore, the member surface is preferably as smooth as possible. 4 μm in point average roughness Rz
Hereinafter, it is particularly preferably 3 μm, more preferably 2 μm or less.

The charging member of the present invention is disposed in contact with a member to be charged, such as a photosensitive drum, and applies a voltage between the member to be charged and the charging member of the present invention to form a member to be charged. In this case, the voltage applied between the charging member and the member to be charged may be a DC voltage or an AC voltage, and is not particularly limited.
It is preferable to perform charging by applying a voltage in which an AC voltage is superimposed on a DC voltage, so that the member to be charged can be charged more uniformly. Although not particularly limited, the contact pressure between the charging member of the present invention and the member to be charged is 50 to 2000 g, particularly 100 to 1000 g.
It is preferable to obtain favorable charging.

With respect to the charging device using the charging member of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG.
A charging device configured to contact the object to be charged 5 such as a photosensitive drum and apply a voltage between the voltage applying means 6 and the object to be charged 5, but is not limited thereto. However, the form of the member to be charged 5 and the charging member 1 and the method of applying a voltage by the voltage applying means 6 may be appropriately changed.

[0036]

According to the charging member of the present invention, when the charging operation is performed by the contact charging method, deformation is less likely to occur, and image defects due to deformation can be prevented as much as possible. The hardness is sufficiently low, and it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of inconveniences such as generation of noise and scraping of the member to be charged. Therefore, according to the charging device using the charging member of the present invention, it is possible to stably perform a good charging operation for a long period of time without generating inconveniences such as generation of noise and scraping of a member to be charged. It is.

[0037]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

Example 1 A coating layer A having a thickness of 300 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and an outer layer B having a thickness of 10 μm was formed on the surface of the coating layer A. Thus, a charging roller was prepared. The coating layer A and the outer layer B are as follows. The surface roughness of the obtained charging roller was 0.3 μm in JIS 10-point average roughness Rz, and the micro hardness was 60 °.

[0039]Coating layer A Water-based acrylic resin having carboxyl group and hydroxyl group
, Carbon and emulsion type oxazoline frame
Paint with bridging agent (oxazoline group equivalent: 550)
It is formed by coating and has a volume resistivity of 5 × 10⁷Ω
cm. The paint (coating layer A) was used for 3 days.
After the lapse of time, there was no increase in viscosity and the solution was stable. Outer layer B Water-dispersed fluorine resin, vinylidene chloride copolymer latex
Tree blended with wax and polyvinyl acetal resin
Molding by applying paint with carbon added to fat
And the volume resistivity is 5 × 10⁷It was adjusted to Ωcm. In addition,
The carbon has an oxygen content of 10% and a pH of
The one of 7.33 was used.

The obtained charging roller was mounted on a printer, and an image was formed at a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 10% RH. As a result, a good image was obtained. Was not seen.

The charging roller is pressed against the photoreceptor and rotated, so that the DC voltage is reduced to -0.7 kV and the AC voltage Vpp2.
A charging operation was performed by applying a voltage superimposed on 0 kV (frequency 500 Hz), and the noise at this time was measured. As a result, the magnitude of the noise was 53 dB, and there was no particular problem.

Further, a load of 500 g was applied to both ends of the charging roller, and the charging roller was brought into contact with the photoreceptor at a pressure of 1000 g. After leaving the roller at 50 ° C. and 95% RH for 3 days, the roller was removed. After taking out and measuring the amount of dent at the abutting part using a laser outer diameter measuring device (manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation), the amount of deformation was 25 μm. No failure occurred.

Example 2 A coating layer C having a thickness of 300 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and an outer layer B similar to that of Example 1 was formed on the surface of the coating layer C.
Was formed to prepare a charging roller. The coating layer C is
It is as follows. The surface roughness of the obtained charging roller is
The JIS 10-point average roughness Rz was 0.3 μm, and the micro hardness was 65 °.

Coating layer C The coating is formed by applying a coating material in which carbon and an emulsion type oxazoline crosslinking agent (oxazoline group equivalent: 220) are added to the same water-based acrylic resin as coating layer A, and has a volume resistivity. Was adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁷ Ωcm. If this paint (coating layer C) was allowed to stand at room temperature, it gelled on the next day, making it impossible to apply. Therefore, the coating layer C had to be prepared each time before coating, and the workability of the coating film forming operation was poor.

The obtained charging roller was mounted on a printer and an image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, a good image was obtained, and no deterioration of the image was observed even when 6,000 continuous images were formed. Was. When noise was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the magnitude of the noise was 58 dB, and there was no particular problem. Further, when a pressure contact test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the amount of deformation was 15 μm.
In particular, no image defects occurred.

Comparative Example A coating layer D having a thickness of 300 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and an outer layer B similar to that in Example 1 was formed on the surface of the coating layer D. Then, a charging roller was formed. The coating layer D is as follows. The surface roughness of the obtained charging roller is J
The IS 10 point average roughness Rz was 0.3 μm, and the micro hardness was 70 °.

Coating layer D The coating was formed by applying a coating material containing only carbon to the same water-based acrylic resin as coating layer A, and the volume resistivity was adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁷ Ωcm.

The obtained charging roller was mounted on a printer and an image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, a good image was obtained, and no deterioration of the image was observed even when 6,000 continuous images were formed. Was. When the noise was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the magnitude of the noise was 62 dB, and there was no particular problem. However, when a pressure contact test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the deformation amount was as large as 50 μm. When the roller after the test was mounted on a printer and an image was displayed, a horizontal stripe due to the deformation of the charging roller was displayed on the halftone screen. Occurred.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the charging member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of the charging device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Charging member 2 Shaft 3 Elastic layer 4 Coating layer 5 Charged body 6 Voltage applying means

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A charging member for charging a member to be charged by applying a voltage between the member and the member to be charged by bringing the member into contact with the member to be charged. Or a coating layer formed via another layer, wherein the coating layer is an aqueous coating obtained by crosslinking a resin having active hydrogen with an oxazoline crosslinking agent having two or more oxazoline groups. A charging member characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the surface has a micro hardness of 80 ° or less. 3. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the oxazoline-based crosslinking agent has an oxazoline group equivalent of 300 to 1,000. 4. An aqueous fluorine-containing coating film having one or more outer layers on the coating film layer, wherein the outermost layer has an oxygen content of 5% or more and has a pH of 5 or more and carbon added. The charging member according to claim 1. 5. The JIS 10 point average roughness Rz of the surface is 4 μm.
The charging member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein m is not more than m. 6. The elastic layer has a density of 0.05 to 0.9 g.
The charging member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the charging member is a urethane foam having a density of / cm ³ . 7. A charging device comprising: a charging member that contacts a member to be charged and charges the member to be charged; and voltage applying means that applies a voltage between the member to be charged and the charging member.
A charging device, wherein the charging member according to claim 1 is used as the charging member.