JPH117107A - Treatment of silver halide photographic sensitive material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To deodorize a fixing liquid and to obtain good drying property in the process decreasing amt. of a fixing liquid for replenishing. SOLUTION: A silver halide photographic sensitive material having <=2.2 g gelatin coating amt. per 1 m<2> of one surface, >=0.9 g polymer latex coating amt. in an emulsion layer per 1 m<2> of one surface and <=130% swelling rate is subjected to development. After that, the photosensitive material is treated with a fixing liquid containing >=0.15 mol/l succinic acid, and successively subjected to washing and drying.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a black-and-white silver halide photographic material in which the odor of the fixing solution and the drying load of the silver halide photographic material after washing with water are remarkably improved, and the replenishment of the fixing solution is made possible. In the processing method. The present invention also relates to a method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material in combination with an automatic developing machine which eliminates the need for an exhaust duct (forced exhaust equipment) due to a reduction in odor and drying load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The odor and vapor corrosiveness of a processing solution, particularly a fixing solution, in a developing solution for a black-and-white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material have been a major factor that impairs the environment in which a processing machine is placed. Therefore, conventionally, a forced exhaust duct was attached to an automatic developing machine to perform forced ventilation, or an odor component was removed by passing exhaust gas through a filter such as activated carbon. As such an automatic developing machine of the forced exhaust specification, there are many automatic developing machines commercially available from Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., such as SEPROS 30, SEPROS M2, SEPROS S and SEPROS P, and their processing systems. .

Further, from the viewpoint of reducing odor, there is disclosed a method of suppressing the generation of sulfurous acid gas by setting the pH of a fixing solution to 4.5 or more. However, it is well known that aluminum ions, which are usually used as a hardener, cause a problem that precipitation occurs with the increase in pH of the fixing solution. In order to prevent this, if the aluminum ion which is a hardener is removed, the film remains swollen, so that the amount of water contained in the light-sensitive material becomes extremely large after the water washing process, and the entire process from development to drying is quickly performed within 90 seconds. Processing is difficult.

[0004] A large decrease in the concentration of the fixing solution is effective in reducing the odor, but there is a problem that the fixing ability, particularly the fixing speed, is lowered. This is particularly remarkable in medical X-ray sensitive materials requiring high sensitivity. This is because silver iodobromide emulsions have been mainly used to achieve high sensitivity in addition to having a relatively large amount of silver, and thus cannot be fixed at a low fixing agent concentration.

Further, when the light-sensitive material is previously hardened excessively (as a guideline, the swelling ratio is 130% or less), it is possible to realize rapid drying even with the above-mentioned non-hardening fixing solution, but the swelling during development and fixing is remarkable. Because of this, various problems such as a decrease in sensitivity, a decrease in covering power (blackening density with respect to a unit amount of developed silver), deterioration of residual color, and poor fixing occur.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve various problems such as deterioration of fixability and drying property with a small replenishing amount of a fixing solution, thereby to make the fixing solution odorless and, consequently, a forced exhaust duct of an automatic developing machine. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing unnecessary silver halide photographic materials.

[0007]

The above object is achieved by the following (1) to
This is achieved by the specific items of (3). (1) coating amount of gelatin of all layers per surface 1 m ² is 2.
And at 2g or less, the polymer latex coating amount of silver halide emulsion layers per surface 1 m ² or more 0.9 g, after developing the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material swelling rate is less than 130%, a succinic acid A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, comprising processing with a fixing solution containing at least 0.15 mol / l, followed by rinsing and drying. (2) The method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material according to the above (1), wherein the replenishment amount of the fixing solution is 250 ml or less per 1 m ^{2 of the} silver halide photographic light-sensitive material. (3) The above (1), wherein the silver halide photographic material contains a silver halide emulsion containing tabular silver halide grains.
Or (2) the method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail.
The silver halide photographic light-sensitive material of the present invention, the total coating amount of gelatin per one side 1 m ² of the photosensitive material 2.
2 g or less, the coating amount of the polymer latex in the emulsion layer (one side) is 0.9 g or more, and the swelling ratio is 130% or less. After developing such a light-sensitive material, processing is performed using a fixing solution containing 0.15 mol / l or more of succinic acid to reduce the replenishment amount of the fixing solution, particularly preferably 250 ml / m ² of the light-sensitive material. Even in the processing described below, good drying properties can be realized, and photographic performance such as fixability and sensitivity is also good.

On the other hand, when the coating amount of gelatin of the light-sensitive material exceeds 2.2 g / m ² , or when the coating amount of polymer latex in the emulsion layer is less than 0.9 g / m ² , the drying property decreases. . Further, even when the swelling ratio exceeds 130%, the drying property is reduced. If the succinic acid content of the fixing solution is less than 0.15 mol / liter, the pH buffering capacity becomes insufficient and the drying property decreases, and good drying property can no longer be obtained by processing with a reduced replenishing amount of the fixing solution. When acetic acid is used as the pH buffer, the odor of the fixing solution is deteriorated. That is, acetic acid, which has been widely used in the past, has an odor and remarkable generation of rust on the metal portion. Further, in order to obtain the same effect as that of the present invention, the amount of use must be increased, and the condition is such that rust is easily generated on the metal part.

In the present invention, the concentration of the fixing agent (for example, thiosulfate concentration) in the fixing solution is 0.3 mol / liter or more and 1.5 mol / liter from the viewpoint of achieving both the deodorization of the fixing solution and the processing performance. The following is preferred. Further, acetic acid added as a pH buffer or the like contributes to the odor of the fixing solution, so that it is preferable that acetic acid is not substantially contained. In order to improve photographic performance such as sensitivity and fixability, an emulsion containing tabular silver halide grains, particularly a silver chloride content of 20 mol% or more,
Tabular grains with an aspect ratio of 2 or more and a total projected area of 50
It is preferable to use a light-sensitive material containing a tabular silver halide grain emulsion occupying at least 10% by weight. Further, it is preferable to use ascorbic acid and its derivatives instead of hydroquinones as the developing agent.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-284546 discloses that "containing thiosulfate and having an acetate ion content of 0.33.
And less than 0.04 mol / l of at least one compound selected from citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and salts of these compounds.
A fixing solution for a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, comprising: Is disclosed.

However, in the above publication, unlike the present invention,
Not at all disclose the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using a polymer latex processed gelatin amount of one side 1 m ² per sensitive material used in the examples is at 3.0g , Outside the scope of the present invention. Further, there is no description about the replenishing conditions of the fixing solution, and unlike the present invention, there is no mention of improving the drying property under low replenishing conditions.

Further, in the present invention, when an organic acid such as citric acid, tartaric acid or malonic acid other than the succinic acid disclosed in the above-mentioned publication is used in place of succinic acid, the solubility is not sufficient, and especially low replenishment is required. Under the conditions, it becomes impossible to add an amount for improving the drying property, which is not suitable for use.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-127323 discloses that a fixing composition comprising at least a fixing agent, a preservative, a hardening agent and an acid agent contains succinic acid or maleic acid as an acid agent. Characteristic fixing composition. "

However, the above publication does not disclose any silver halide photographic material in which the amount of polymer latex and the amount of gelatin are controlled within the scope of the present invention.
Gelatin with the amount of one side 1 m ² per-sensitive material indicated in the examples 3.0 g, latex with weight of 1.5g, outside the scope of the present invention. Further, there is no description about the replenishing conditions of the fixing solution, and unlike the present invention, there is no mention of improving the drying property under low replenishing conditions.

Further, when maleic acid disclosed in the above publication is used, the effect of improving the drying property can be obtained when the replenishing amount is increased, but the sufficient effect cannot be obtained under low replenishing conditions.
Further, if an attempt is made to increase the amount of addition in order to obtain a sufficient effect, it will not be dissolved.

As described above, in the present invention, the effects of the present invention can be obtained only by using succinic acid, and cannot be obtained by other organic acids disclosed in the above publication.

The polymer latex used in the light-sensitive material of the present invention will be described below.

The "polymer latex" as used in the present invention is a polymer itself, and is used in a different meaning from "latex" which means an emulsion in which a polymer is colloidally dispersed in water by the action of an emulsifier.

The light-sensitive material of the present invention includes, for example,
The core-shell latex described in No. 76309 can be preferably used. Specifically, latexes LAT1 to LAT8 described in the examples can be preferably used. Regarding the properties such as the type of the monomer constituting the polymer latex and the glass transition point, the contents described in paragraphs “0018” to “0052” of the above publication can be preferably used.

Further, Compound Examples I-1 to I-16 and P-1 to P-16 described in JP-A-8-220669 are described.
-12 can be preferably used.

In the light-sensitive material of the present invention, a polymer latex obtained by polymerizing the following hardly soluble monomers can be preferably used. The monomer according to the present invention will be described.

The above-mentioned monomer is preferably an acrylate compound, particularly preferably when both an acrylate compound and a methacrylate compound are used. The particle size of the polymer latex is preferably 300 nm or less.

The polymer latex is preferably polymerized in the presence of a water-soluble polymer and / or a surfactant.

As the surfactant used in the polymerization of the polymer latex, any of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant can be used. Anionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants. As the anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant, various compounds known in the art can be used, and an anionic surfactant is particularly preferably used.

Examples of the water-soluble polymer used in the polymerization of the polymer latex include a synthetic polymer and a natural water-soluble polymer. In the present invention, any of them can be preferably used. Among them, synthetic water-soluble polymers include those having a nonionic group in the molecular structure, those having an anionic group, those having a cationic group, those having a nonionic group and an anionic group, those having a nonionic Examples include those having a group and a cationic group, those having an anionic group and a cationic group, and the like. Examples of the nonionic group include an ether group, an alkylene oxide group, a hydroxy group, an amide group, and an amino group. Examples of the anionic group include a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and the like. Examples of the cationic group include a quaternary ammonium base and a tertiary amino group.

As the natural water-soluble polymer, those having a nonionic group in the molecular structure, those having an anionic group, those having a cationic group, those having a nonionic group and an anionic group, Examples include those having a nonionic group and a cationic group, those having an anionic group and a cationic group, and the like.

As the water-soluble polymer used in the polymerization of the polymer latex, any of a synthetic water-soluble polymer and a natural water-soluble polymer, those having an anionic group and those having a nonionic group and an anionic group Those can be preferably used.

[0029] The water-soluble polymer is water at 20 ° C.
It is sufficient to dissolve 0.05 g or more per 0 g, and preferably 0.1 g or more.

As the natural water-soluble polymer, a comprehensive technical data collection of water-soluble polymer water-dispersed resin (Management Development Center)
Preferred are lignin, starch, pullulan, cellulose, dextran, dextrin, glycogen, alginic acid, gelatin, collagen, guar gum, gum arabic, laminaran, lichenin, nigran and the like and derivatives thereof. is there. As the derivative of the natural water-soluble polymer, sulfonated, carboxylated, phosphorylated, sulfoalkylated, carboxyalkylated, alkylphosphorylated, and salts thereof are preferably used. Particularly preferred are glucose, gelatin, dextran, cellulose and derivatives thereof.

The polymer latex can be easily produced by various methods. For example, there is a method of redispersing a polymer obtained by an emulsion polymerization method, a solution polymerization, a bulk polymerization, or the like.

In the emulsion polymerization method, water is used as a dispersion medium, and 10 to 50% by weight of the monomer and 0.0
Using 5 to 5% by weight of a polymerization initiator and 0.1 to 20% by weight of a dispersant, about 30 to 100 ° C, preferably 60 to 90 ° C.
For 3 to 8 hours with stirring.
The concentration of the monomer, the amount of the initiator, the reaction temperature, the time and the like can be widely and easily changed.

Examples of the polymerization initiator include water-soluble peroxides (eg, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, etc.) and water-soluble azo compounds (eg, 2,2′-azobis- (2-aminodipropane) -hydrochloride, etc.) And the like.

Examples of the dispersant include anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants in addition to the water-soluble polymer. These may be used alone or in combination. Preferably, a combination of a water-soluble polymer and a nonionic or anionic surfactant is used. In the solution polymerization, a mixture of monomers (usually 40% by weight or less, preferably 10 to 25% by weight, based on the solvent) is mixed with an appropriate concentration of a monomer in an appropriate solvent (eg, ethanol, methanol, water, etc.). Polymerization initiator (for example,
Benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, ammonium persulfate, etc.) at an appropriate temperature (eg, 40
To 120 ° C, preferably 50 to 100 ° C) to carry out the copolymerization reaction. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is poured into a medium that does not dissolve the formed copolymer, the product is allowed to settle, and then the unreacted mixture is separated and removed by drying.

Next, the copolymer is dissolved in a solvent that dissolves the copolymer but is not soluble in water (eg, ethyl acetate, butanol, etc.), and is vigorously dispersed in the presence of a dispersant (eg, a surfactant, a water-soluble polymer, etc.). Is distilled off to obtain a polymer latex.

Regarding the method of synthesizing the polymer latex,
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,852,386 and 2,853,45
No. 7, 3,411, 911, 3, 411, 912
No. 4,197,127, Belgian Patent No. 688,
882, 691,360, 712,823,
JP-B-45-5331, JP-A-60-18540,
No. 5,130,217, No. 58-137831, No. 55-50240 and the like.

The average particle size of the polymer latex is 0.5
Any one having a thickness of from 300 to 300 nm can be preferably used, and a thickness of from 30 to 250 nm is particularly preferred.

For measuring the particle size of the polymer latex, the chemistry of polymer latex (Polymer Publishing Association, 1973)
Years), electron microscopy, soap titration,
The light scattering method and the centrifugal sedimentation method can be used, but the light scattering method is preferably used. As an apparatus for the light scattering method, for example, DLS700 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) can be used.

Although there is no particular limitation on the molecular weight, it is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000 in total molecular weight.

In the present invention, the polymer latex can be contained in the photographic constituent layer as it is or after being dispersed in water.

The following are specific examples of the polymer latex and the dispersant used for its synthesis. The suffix of the monomer unit indicates the content percentage of each.

[0042]

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[0043]

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[0044]

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[0045]

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[0046]

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In addition, a core / shell type polymer latex can be preferably used.

Preferred examples of the core / shell latex of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The structure of each of the following latex compounds is
The structure of the core polymer, the structure of the shell polymer and the ratio of the core / shell are described in this order, and the copolymer composition ratio and the core / shell ratio of each polymer are all expressed by weight percentage.

Lx-22 to Lx-33 core: styrene / butadiene copolymer (37/63) Lx-22 shell = styrene / M-1 (98/2) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-23 shell = Styrene / M-1 (96/4) Core / Shell = 50/50 Lx-24 Shell = Styrene / M-1 (92/8) Core / Shell = 50/50 Lx-25 Shell = Styrene / M-1 ( 84/16) Core / shell = 50/50 Lx-26 Shell = Styrene / M-1 (68/32) Core / shell = 50/50 Lx-27 Shell = Styrene / M-1 (84/16) Core / Shell = 67/33 Lx-28 Shell = Styrene / M-1 (84/16) Core / shell = 85/15 Lx-29 Shell = n-butyl acrylate / M-1 (96/4) Core / shell = 50 / 50 Lx-30 shell = n-butyl acrylate / M-1 (92/8) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-31 Well = n-butyl acrylate / M-1 (84/16) Core / shell = 50/50 Lx-32 shell = Methyl acrylate / M-5 (84/16) Core / shell = 50/50 Lx-33 shell = Styrene / methyl acrylate / M-3 (21/63/16) core / shell = 50/50

Lx-34,35 core: styrene / butadiene copolymer (22/78) Lx-34 shell = styrene / M-2 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-35 shell = n- Butyl acrylate / M-6 (84/16) Core / shell = 50/50

Lx-36 to 41 Core: polybutadiene homopolymer (100) Lx-36 shell = styrene / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-37 shell = ethyl acrylate / M-5 / Methacrylic acid (65/15/20) core / shell = 75/25 Lx-38 shell = n-butyl acrylate / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-39 shell = n-butyl Acrylate / M-2 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-40 shell = 2-ethylhexyl acrylate / M-24 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-41 shell = n-butyl Acrylate / M-7 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50

Lx-42 to 44 core: polyisoprene homopolymer (100) Lx-42 shell = styrene / acrylonitrile / M-1 (63/21/16) core / shell = 90/10 Lx-43 shell = methyl Methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / M-2 / 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sodium sulphonate (15/65/15/5) Core / shell = 75/25 Lx-44 Shell = styrene / M-1 (84/16 ) Core / shell = 20/80

Lx-45-47 core: styrene / butadiene copolymer (49/51) Lx-45 shell = styrene / butyl acrylate / M-1 (26/60/15) core / shell = 50/50 Lx- 46 shell = M-1 (100) core / shell = 90/10 Lx-47 shell = lauryl methacrylate / butyl acrylate / M-5 (30/55/15) core / shell = 40/60

Lx-48 core: acrylonitrile / styrene / butadiene copolymer (25/25/50) shell: butyl acrylate / M-1 (92/8) core / shell = 50/50

Lx-49 core: ethyl acrylate / butadiene copolymer (50/50) shell: styrene / divinylbenzene / M-1 (79/5/16) core / shell = 50/50

Lx-50 to 54 Core: Poly (n-dodecyl methacrylate) homopolymer Lx-50 Shell = Styrene / M-1 (92/8) Core / Shell = 50/50 Lx-51 Shell = Styrene / M -1 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-52 shell = ethyl acrylate / M-1 (96/4) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-53 shell = ethyl acrylate / M-1 (92 / 8) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-54 shell = styrene / methyl acrylate / M-3 (21/63/16) core / shell = 50/50

Lx-55 Core: Poly (n-butyl acrylate) homopolymer Shell: Styrene / M-2 (84/16) Core / shell = 50/50

Lx-56,57 core: poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate / n-butyl acrylate) copolymer (10/90) Lx-56 shell = styrene / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 50 / 50 Lx-57 shell = methyl acrylate / M-5 / methacrylic acid (65/15/20) core / shell = 75/25

Lx-58 to 61 core: poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate / n-butyl acrylate) copolymer (20/80) Lx-58 shell = styrene / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 50 / 50 Lx-59 shell = styrene / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 75/25 Lx-60 shell = methyl acrylate / M-6 / 2-acrylamide- 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium (80 / 15/5) core / shell = 75/25 Lx-61 shell = n-butyl acrylate / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50

Lx-62 to 64 core: polyvinyl acetate homopolymer (100) Lx-62 shell = styrene / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-63 shell = styrene / divinylbenzene / M-10 (79/5/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-64 shell = n-dodecyl methacrylate / butyl acrylate / M-5 (30/55/15) core / shell = 40/60

Lx-65-67 core: poly (divinylbenzene / 2-ethylhexyl acrylate) copolymer (10/90) Lx-65 shell = methyl acrylate / M-1 (84/16) core / shell = 50 / 50 Lx-66 shell = methyl acrylate / styrene / M-1 (74/10/16) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-67 shell = M-1 (100) core / shell = 90/10

Lx-68 to 70 core: poly (divinylbenzene / styrene / 2-ethylhexyl acrylate) copolymer (10/23/67) Lx-68 shell = methyl acrylate / M-1 (84/16) core / Shell = 50/50 Lx-69 Shell = methyl acrylate / styrene / M-1 (74/10/16) Core / shell = 50/50 Lx-70 Shell = ethyl acrylate / 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate / M-4 (65/15/20) Core / shell = 85/15

Lx-71 Core: Poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate / vinyl palmitate / n-butyl acrylate) copolymer (20/20/60) Shell: Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate / styrene / n-butyl methacrylate / M- 1 (5/40/40/15) core / shell = 50/50

Lx-72 Core: Poly (trivinylcyclohexane / n-butyl acrylate / styrene) copolymer (10/55/35) Shell: Methyl acrylate / M-1 / 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Soda (88/7/5) core / shell = 70/30

Lx-73,74 core: poly (divinylbenzene / styrene / methyl methacrylate) copolymer (10/45/45) Lx-73 shell = n-butyl acrylate / M-1 (84/16) core / Shell = 50/50 Lx-74 Shell = n-dodecyl acrylate / ethyl acrylate / M-9 (60/30/10) Core / shell = 50/50

Lx-75,76 core: poly (p-vinyltoluene / n-dodecyl methacrylate) copolymer (70/30) Lx-75 shell = methyl acrylate / n-butyl methacrylate / M-2 / acrylic acid ( 30/55/10/5) core / shell = 50/50 Lx-76 shell = n-butyl acrylate / M-8 (84/16) core / shell = 70/30

Here, M-1 2-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate M-2 2-acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate M-3 2-acetoacetoxypropyl methacrylate M-4 2-acetoacetamidoethyl methacrylate M-5 2-cyanoacetoxyethyl Methacrylate M-6 2-cyanoacetoxyethyl acrylate M-7 Methyl acryloylacetoacetate M-8 N- (2-methacryloyloxymethyl) cyanoacetamide M-9 4-acetoacetyl-1-methacryloylpiperazine M-10 p- (2 -Acetoacetoxy) ethylstyrene

In the present invention, one type of polymer latex may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

The polymer latex is contained in the silver halide emulsion layer of the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material of the present invention, but may be added to any other layer. It may be added to only one of the silver halide emulsion layer and the other hydrophilic colloid layer, but preferably added to both. Further, it may be preferably added to both the silver halide emulsion layer and the hydrophilic colloid layer farthest from the support.

The amount of the polymer latex added is preferably in the range of 30 to 300% by weight based on the amount of the binder in the photographic constituent layer. When the amount is less than this range, the effect of the present invention is poor, and when it is too large, photographic performance is degraded. When the polymer latex is added to both the emulsion layer and the protective layer, the ratio (weight ratio) of the polymer latex is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 of the added amount of the protective layer / the added amount of the emulsion layer.

The amount of the polymer latex in the emulsion layer per one side of the light-sensitive material is preferably 0.9 g / m ² or more and 2.0 g / m ² or less, more preferably 1.0 g / m ² or more and 1.7 g / m ^2. m ² or less.

In the present invention, gelatin is used as a binder for the hydrophilic colloid layer, but other hydrophilic colloids can also be used.

For example, gelatin derivatives, graft polymers of gelatin with other polymers, proteins such as albumin and casein; cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and cellulose sulfates; sugars such as sodium alginate and starch derivatives Derivatives: polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol partial acetal, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide,
Various kinds of synthetic hydrophilic high molecular substances such as a single or copolymer such as polyvinylimidazole and polyvinylpyrazole can be used.

As the gelatin, besides lime-processed gelatin, acid-processed gelatin and Bull. Soc. Sci. Photo. Japan,
No. 16, P30 (1966), an enzyme-treated gelatin may be used, and a hydrolyzate or an enzyme-decomposed product of gelatin may also be used. Use of low molecular weight gelatin described in JP-A-1-158426 is preferred for preparing tabular grains.

The preferred amount of gelatin in the present invention is 1 g / m ² or more and 2.2 g / m ² or less, more preferably 1.2 g / m ² or more and 2.0 g / m ² or less per one side of the photographic material.

The total amount of gelatin and polymer latex is preferably 2.0 g / m ² or more and 4.0 g / m ² or less, more preferably 2.5 g / m ² or more and 3.5 g / m ² or less per one side of the photosensitive material. Is preferred.

The swelling ratio of the light-sensitive material is determined as follows, but is preferably 30 to 130%, more preferably 50 to 120%.

First, the photosensitive material to be measured is aged for 7 days at 40 ° C. and 60% RH. Next, this photosensitive material is immersed in distilled water at 21 ° C. for 3 minutes, and this state is frozen and fixed with liquid nitrogen.
This light-sensitive material is cut by a microtome so as to be perpendicular to the light-sensitive material surface, and then freeze-dried at -90 ° C. The swelled film thickness Tw is determined by observing the processed product under a scanning electron microscope. On the other hand, the film thickness Td in a dry state is also obtained by cross-sectional observation using a scanning electron microscope. The value obtained by dividing the difference between Tw and Td thus obtained by Td and multiplying by 100 is the swelling ratio (unit%), and follows the following equation. {(Tw−Td) / Td} × 100 = swelling rate (%)

The silver halide photographic light-sensitive material of the present invention includes
For example, the emulsion of Example 3 and the emulsion of Example 4 of JP-A-5-204073, and the emulsion of Example 2a of JP-A-6-194768
x described in Example 1 of JP-A-6-227431.
A silver chloride tabular emulsion having a {100} major plane such as the emulsion of the present invention can be preferably used.

Further, a {111} main plane silver chloride tabular emulsion such as tabular emulsion A of Example 1 of JP-A-8-76305 can be preferably used.

Further, Example 1 of JP-A-8-76305
Silver iodobromide and silver bromide having a high aspect ratio and {111} major planes having an epitaxial site as in the case of the tabular emulsion B of Example 1 and the emulsions A to K of Examples in JP-A-8-69069. A tabular emulsion can be preferably used.

Further, as the regular grains, for example, monodispersed cubic grains such as the emulsions E and F of Example 1 of JP-A-8-76305 can be preferably used.

These emulsions can further have a halogen composition such as AgBrClI, and are preferably used.

As for the monodispersity, tabular grains having a sphere-equivalent diameter of 3% to 40% are preferably used for regular grains having an equivalent-sphere diameter.

The tabular grain emulsion containing high silver chloride preferably used in the present invention is described below.

In a silver halide emulsion containing at least a dispersion medium and silver halide grains, 50% or more, preferably 60% to 100%, more preferably 70 to 100%, of the total projected area of the silver halide grains is a main plane. Are tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 2 or more having {100} or {111} faces. Here, the tabular grains mean the aspect ratio (diameter /
(Thickness) is more than 1, preferably 1.1 or more. The major plane refers to the largest outer surface of the tabular grains. The thickness of the tabular grains is 0.35 μm or less,
μm is more preferred, and 0.05 to 0.25 μm is even more preferred. The preferred aspect ratio is 2 or more, preferably 3
-30, more preferably 5-20. Therefore,
The preferred average aspect ratio is 2 or more, preferably 3 to 25, and more preferably 5 to 20.

Here, the diameter refers to the diameter of a circle having an area equal to the projected area of the tabular grains, and the thickness refers to the distance between two principal planes.

[0088] As the halogen composition, Cl ^- content: 20 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% to 100%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 10
0 mol% is preferred.

With regard to the nucleation of the emulsion of the present invention having a {111} plane as the main plane, see JP-B 64-8326.
Nos. 64-8325, 64-8324, JP-A-1-250943, JP-B-3-14328, JP-B-4-81782, JP-B-5-40298, and 5-3
No. 9459, No. 5-112696 and JP-A-63-213.
No. 836, No. 63-218938, No. 63-2811
No. 49, JP-A-62-218959, and the like, and as prior art of tabular grains having a {100} plane as a main plane, JP-A-5-204073,
JP-A-51-88017, JP-A-63-24238
And Japanese Patent Application No. 5-264059.

For the {100} tabular grains in the present invention, any of the nucleation methods described in these prior arts can be used.

The method of the present invention for crystal growth by physical ripening (fine particles are dissolved and substrate particles grow) in the presence of silver halide fine particles will be described below.

In the fine grain emulsion addition method, the diameter is 0.15 μm or less, preferably 0.1 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or less.
An AgX fine grain emulsion having a diameter of from 0.6 to 0.006 μm was added,
Tabular grains are grown by Ostwald ripening. Fine grain emulsions can be added either continuously or continuously. The fine grain emulsion can be continuously prepared by supplying the AgNO ₃ solution and the X ⁻ salt solution by a mixer provided near the reaction vessel, and can be immediately added continuously to the reaction vessel, or can be added to another vessel in advance. It can be added continuously or continuously after being prepared in a batch system. The fine grain emulsion can be added in a liquid form or as a dry powder. The dry powder can be mixed with water just before addition, liquefied and added. The added fine particles are preferably added in such a manner that they disappear within 20 minutes, more preferably 10 seconds to 10 minutes. If the elimination time is long, ripening occurs between the fine particles, and the particle size increases, which is not preferable. Therefore, it is preferable not to add the whole amount at once. The fine particles preferably do not substantially contain a large amount of twin particles. Here, the multiple twin particles refer to particles having two or more twin planes per particle. "Substantially not contained" means that the ratio of the number of multiple twin grains is 5% or less, preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less. Further, it is preferable that substantially no single twin particles are contained. Further, it is preferable that the composition does not substantially include a screw dislocation. Here, "substantially not included" complies with the above-mentioned rules.

The halogen composition of the fine particles was AgC
l, AgBr, AgBrl (I ^- content is preferably 10 mol% or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less) and mixed crystals of two or more thereof. For other details, refer to Japanese Patent Application No.
No. 214109 can be referred to.

The total amount of the added fine particles must be at least 20% by weight of the total amount of silver halide, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight and at most 98% by weight.

The Cl content of the fine particles is preferably at least 10 mol%, more preferably at least 50 mol% and at most 100 mol%.

As a dispersion medium for nucleation, ripening and growth, conventionally known dispersion mediums for AgX emulsions can be used. In particular, the methionine content is preferably 0 to 100 μm.
Mol / g, more preferably 0 to 50 μmol / g gelatin can be preferably used. When such gelatin is used during ripening and growth, thinner tabular grains having a uniform diameter size distribution are formed, which is preferable. Also,
JP-B-52-16365, Journal of the Photographic Society of Japan, 29 (1), 17, 22 (1966), 30 (1),
10, 19 (1967), Vol. 30 (2), 17 (1
967), 33 (3), 24 (1967) can be preferably used as a dispersion medium. The pH at the time of growth by adding fine particles needs to be 2.0 or more, but is preferably 3 or more and 10 or less. More preferably, the pH is 4 or more and 9 or less.

The pCl needs to be 1.0 or more, but preferably 1.3 or more. More preferably, it is 1.5 or more and 3.0 or less.

These growth conditions are particularly preferable for tabular grains having a {100} plane as a main plane.

Here, pCl is defined as pCl = −log [Cl ⁻ ] with respect to the activity [Cl ⁻ ] of Cl ions in the solution. Written by THJames THE THEORY OF THE RHOTO
This is described in detail in GRAPHIC PROCESS, 4th edition, Chapter 1.

When the pH is less than 2.0, for example, in the case of tabular grains having a {100} plane as a main plane, the lateral growth is suppressed, the aspect ratio is reduced, and the covering power of the emulsion is reduced. Tends to be low and the sensitivity is lowered. When the pH is 2.0 or more, an emulsion having a high lateral growth rate and a high aspect ratio and a high covering power can be obtained, but fog is high and sensitivity is easily reduced.

When the pCl is 1.0 or less, the growth in the vertical direction is promoted, the aspect ratio is reduced, the covering power of the emulsion is low, and the sensitivity is lowered. When pCl is 1.6 or more, the aspect ratio is increased and the covering power is increased, but the fog is high and the sensitivity is easily reduced. At this time, when the substrate grains are grown by the silver halide fine grains, even if the pH is 6 or more and / or the pCl is 1.6 or more, the fog is low, the sensitivity is high, the aspect ratio is high, and the covering power is high.

The monodispersity of the emulsion of the present invention is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 5% or more, considering the degree of monodispersity based on the variation coefficient defined by the method described in JP-A-59-745481. It is preferably at most 25%. In particular, when used for a high-sensitivity photosensitive material, the content is preferably 5% or more and 15% or less.

Next, the fixing solution used in the present invention contains succinic acid in an amount of 0.15 mol / L or more, preferably 0.15 mol / L or more.
It contains 0.50 mol / l, and the replenishment amount per 1 m ^{2 of} the light-sensitive material is 25 to 250 ml, preferably 50 to 250 ml.
It is preferable that the fixing process is performed with a volume of about 200 ml.

By using such a fixing solution,
Even when the processing under the low replenishment conditions described above is performed, the photosensitive material has good drying properties, has no odor, and does not generate rust on the metal part of the automatic developing machine. On the other hand, when the content of succinic acid is less than 0.15 mol / liter, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained as described above, and when the content is too large, the effect is not so much improved and the effect is not so large. If the concentration is too high, it is impossible to prepare a concentrated solution due to limitations due to solubility.

It is preferable that the replenishing amount of the fixing solution be within the above range. When the replenishing amount is small, the silver halide in the light-sensitive material is dissolved to increase the concentration in the fixing solution, and The accumulation of the sensitizing dye and the like in the fixing solution becomes excessive and causes stains, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the replenishment amount is large, the amount of waste liquid of the fixing solution having high chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand becomes large, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of environmental conservation and the cost required for waste liquid treatment is increased.

The succinic acid used in the present invention may be a salt, and the salt is preferably an alkali metal salt (such as a lithium salt, a sodium salt, or a potassium salt) or an ammonium salt.

The fixing solution used in the present invention is an aqueous solution containing a thiosulfate, and preferably has a pH of 4.2 or more, and more preferably has a pH of 4.8 to 6.2. Examples of the thiosulfate include sodium thiosulfate and ammonium thiosulfate. The amount used can be appropriately changed, and is generally from 0.3 to 1.5 mol / l.

The fixing solution of the present invention contains a sulfite (including bisulfite) as a preservative in an amount of 0.01 to 0.30.
It is contained in the range of mol / liter. Examples of the sulfite include sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, lithium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and potassium metabisulfite.

The fixing solution may contain a water-soluble aluminum salt acting as a hardening agent, and examples thereof include aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, and potassium alum. When adding the water-soluble aluminum salt,
Usually, the range of 0.01 to 0.15 mol / liter is preferable.

In the fixing solution, tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid or derivatives thereof can be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is effective that these compounds contain 0.005 mol or more per liter of the fixing solution, and in particular, they contain 0.1 mol.
01 mol / l to 0.03 mol / l is particularly effective. However, these compounds are used for stabilizing aluminum, and as described above, do not have a function replacing succinic acid of the present invention since a large amount cannot be added.

The fixing solution of the present invention preferably does not substantially contain acetic acid (including salts). That is, the content of acetic acid is preferably 0.10 mol / l or less, more preferably 0 to 0.05 mol / l.

In the fixing solution of the present invention, for example, boric acid can be used as a pH buffer, and sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid can be used as a pH adjuster. Further, a chelating agent having a water softening ability or a compound described in JP-A-62-78551 can be contained.

The fixing temperature and the fixing time in the fixing process are 4 to 48 seconds at 20 ° C. to 50 ° C., respectively.
It is preferably 7 to 40 seconds at 25 ° C to 40 ° C, and more preferably 8 to 25 seconds at 32 ° C to 38 ° C.

The above contents, replenishment amounts, and the like are based on working solutions.

The fixing solution of the present invention can be used as a concentrated solution in order to reduce transportation costs and storage space. When the concentrated solution is used as a transport solution, the concentration is preferably 4 times or less, and more preferably 3 times or less, for the purpose of preventing precipitation of the fixing solution components at low temperatures. The components can also be stored in several parts. At this time, the storage container has an oxygen permeability of 50 ml / m ² at 20 ° C. and 65% RH.
Atm day or less, usually those made of a material of 1.0 to 50 ml / m ² atm day can also be used.

The fixing solution can also be prepared by using a solid chemical, that is, a powdery fixing agent, and supplying it.

The developing agent used in combination with the fixing solution of the present invention or the developing agent preferably used is an ascorbic acid-based developing agent or a dihydroxybenzene-based developing agent. Of these, ascorbic acid-based developing agents are preferred. Specific examples of the compounds include the following.

L-ascorbic acid D-ascorbic acid L-erythroascorbic acid D-glucoascorbic acid 6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid L-rhamnoascorbic acid D-glucoheptoascorbic acid imino-L-erythroascorbic acid imino -D-glucoascorbic acid imino-D-glucoheptoascorbic acid sodium isoascorbate L-glycoascorbic acid D-galactascorbic acid L-araboascorbic acid sorboascorbic acid sodium ascorbate

On the other hand, dihydroxybenzene-based developing agents include hydroquinone, hydroquinone monosulfonic acid, chlorohydroquinone, bromohydroquinone, isopropylhydroquinone, methylhydroquinone,
2,3-dichlorohydroquinone, 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone, 2,3-dibromohydroquinone, 2,
5-dimethylhydroquinone and the like.

In the present invention, in particular, the above-mentioned ascorbic acid-based developing agent or dihydroxybenzene-based developing agent together with 1
It is preferable to use an auxiliary developing agent such as -phenyl-3-pyrazolidone or p-aminophenol in combination. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to use an ascorbic acid-based developing agent in combination with such an auxiliary developing agent.

The 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidones include 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, 1-phenyl-
4,4-dimethyl-3-pyrazolidone, 1-phenyl-
4-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-3-pyrazolidone, 1-phenyl-4,4-dihydroxymethyl-3-
Pyrazolidone, 1-phenyl-5-methyl-3-pyrazolidone and the like.

Examples of p-aminophenols include N-methyl-p-aminophenol, N- (β-hydroxyethyl) -p-aminophenol, N- (4-hydroxyphenyl) glycine, and 2-methyl-p-aminophenol. Examples include aminophenol and p-benzylaminophenol. Further, N, N-disubstituted aminophenols described in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-70908 can be used. The developing agent in the developer is usually preferably used in an amount of 0.01 mol / l to 0.8 mol / l, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.05 mol / l to 0.5 mol / l. preferable.

When an ascorbic acid-based developing agent or a dihydroxybenzene-based developing agent is used in combination with an auxiliary developing agent such as 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone or p-aminophenol, the former is used in an amount of 0.05 mol / liter. 0.5 to 0.5 mol / l, the latter being 0.001 to 0.
06 mol / l (particularly 0.003 to 0.06 mol / l
Liters).

The developer or the developer preferably contains a sulfite as a preservative. As sulfites,
Sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, lithium sulfite,
Ammonium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, and the like. The sulfite in the developer is 0.0
It is preferably at least 3 mol / l. The upper limit is preferably up to 1.0 mol / l, especially up to 0.8 mol / l.

The developer or the developer may contain an amino compound for promoting development. In particular, JP-A-56-10624
No. 4, JP-A-61-267759 and JP-A-2-208652 may be used.

The pH of the developer is from 8.0 to 13.0, preferably from 8.3 to 12, and more preferably from 8.5 to 1
0.5.

The developer or the developer has a pH value
It is preferable to contain a carbonate (for example, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate) as a pH buffer. The amount of the carbonate used in the present invention is preferably 0.1 mol / L or more, particularly preferably 0.3 mol / L or more and 2 mol / L or less, and more preferably 0.4 mol / L or more and 1 mol / L. The following are most preferred.

As the alkaline agent used for setting the pH of the developer or the developer, other than the above-mentioned carbonates, ordinary water-soluble inorganic alkali metal salts (eg, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.) may be used. it can.

The developer or the developer further includes boric acid,
Borax, dibasic sodium phosphate, dibasic potassium phosphate,
PH like sodium monophosphate and potassium monophosphate
A buffer, and furthermore, a pH buffer described in JP-A-60-93433 can be used. Further, potassium bromide, a development inhibitor such as potassium iodide, dimethylformamide, methyl cellosolve, hexylene glycol, ethanol,
Organic solvents such as methanol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol, benzotriazole derivatives,
Nitroindazole and the like can be used. Benzotriazole derivatives include 5-methylbenzotriazole, 5-bromobenzotriazole, 5-chlorobenzotriazole, 5-butylbenzotriazole, benzotriazole, and the like. 5 for nitroindazole
-Nitroindazole, 6-nitroindazole, 4-
There are nitroindazole, 7-nitroindazole, 3-cyano-5-nitroindazole and the like.

Further, if necessary, a color tone agent, a surfactant and the like may be contained.

The developer or the developer may contain a chelating agent, and specific examples of the compound include the following compounds. That is, ethylenediamine diorthohydroxyphenylacetic acid, diaminopropanetetraacetic acid,
Nitrilotriacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, dihydroxyethylglycine, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, ethylenediaminedipropionic acid, iminodiacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, 1,3-diaminopropanoltetraacetic acid, triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid Acetic acid, transcyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, glycol etherdiaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetrakismethylenephosphonic acid, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid,
-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 1,
1-diphosphonoethane-2-carboxylic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-1-phosphonopropane-1,3,3-tricarboxylic acid, catechol-3,5-disulfonic acid, Examples thereof include sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tetrapolyphosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. Particularly preferred are, for example, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, 1,3-diaminopropanoltetraacetic acid, glycol etherdiaminetetraacetic acid, and hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid. 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 1,1-diphosphonoethane-2-carboxylic acid, nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid, ethylenediaminetetraphosphonic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaphosphonic acid, 1-hydro Shipuropiriden 1,1-diphosphonic acid, 1-amino-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and salts thereof.

Of all the cations contained in the developer, it is preferable that potassium ion is 10 mol% to 90 mol%, sodium ion is 10 mol% to 90 mol%, and sodium ion is 20 mol%. Not less than 50 mol%, potassium ion is not less than 50 mol% and not more than 80 mol%.
More preferably, it is at most mol%.

The developer may be used as a concentrated solution for reducing transportation costs and storage space. When a concentrated solution is used, the concentration is preferably 3 times or less, more preferably 2 times or less, for the purpose of preventing precipitation of the developer components at low temperatures. In addition, components having different solubilities may be stored in several parts, and mixed and diluted at the time of use. The receiving container 20 ° C. At this time, the oxygen permeability at 65% RH is 50ml / m ² atm day or less, usually 1.0~50ml / m ² at
Those made of m day material are preferred.

The developer can be supplied as a solid chemical, that is, a powder.

The replenishment amount of the developing solution is 25 ml or more and 250 ml or less, preferably 30 ml or more and 230 ml or less per m ² of the photosensitive material as a diluted developing solution (ie, used solution).
More preferably, it is 50 ml or more and 200 ml or less.

The development processing temperature and development processing time in the development processing are respectively 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. and 5 to 60 seconds.
It is preferably 8 to 45 seconds at 25 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably 10 to 30 seconds at 32 ° C to 38 ° C.

The total processing time (Dry to Dry) is from 20 seconds to
Preferably, it is 100 seconds.

The processing of the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is carried out by using an automatic developing apparatus (automatic developing machine). The opening ratio of the developing tank is 0.04 cm ^-1 or less, usually 0.01 to 0.04 cm.
It is preferably cm ⁻¹ . Further, each replenisher of the developing solution and the fixing solution is preferably supplied by a mixed dilution method immediately before being supplied from each of these concentrated solutions diluted with water in each of the tanks to be used, and each of the concentrated solutions is It is also preferred that it consists of one part. Further, it is preferable that the containers for the concentrated developing solution and the concentrated fixing solution are an integrated packaging material.

Further, when a chemical mixer is incorporated in the automatic developing apparatus, it is preferable to have a mechanism in which the cartridges for the developing solution and the fixing solution can be used simultaneously.

As the automatic developing device, it is preferable to use an automatic developing machine provided with a rinsing tank and a rinsing roller (crossover roller) between the developing tank and the fixing tank and between the fixing tank and the washing tank. Further, it is preferable that a stock tank for water to be supplied with various water rust preventive agents (antibacterial agents) is installed in the washing tank and the rinsing tank. Further, it is preferable that an electromagnetic valve is installed at the drain of the washing tank.

Further, it is preferable that the washing tank of the automatic developing apparatus is a multi-chamber tank or that a multi-stage countercurrent washing system is adopted.

Further, it is preferable to provide a roller section in contact with the photosensitive material at a stage preceding the drying section of the automatic developing apparatus, and such a roller section is heated to 70.degree.
As described above, the temperature is more preferably set to 70 to 110 ° C.
Further, drying by an infrared radiation method using an infrared radiation object is also preferable. Further, a drying method based on a combination of these is also preferable. The drying time is preferably from 3 seconds to 30 seconds.

It may be more preferable that the rinsing water used is pretreated before the rinsing water is supplied to the rinsing tank to remove dust and organic substances present in the water through a filter member or a filter of activated carbon.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
Ultraviolet irradiation method described in No. 0-263939, ibid.
No. 263940, using a magnetic field;
No. 131632, a method of making pure water using an ion exchange resin, Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2-2088638 and 2-3.
No. 03055, a method of circulating through a filter and an adsorbent column while blowing ozone, Japanese Patent Application No. Hei.
No. 4,138,164, JP-A-62-115154, JP-A-62-139552 and JP-A-6-153952.
The method using a germicide described in 2-220951 and 62-209532 can be used in combination.

Furthermore, MWBeach, "Microbiological G
rowths in Motion-picture Processing "SMPTE Journal
Vol.85 (1976), RODeegan, "Photo Processing Wash Wa
terBiocides "J. Imaging Tech., Vol. 10, No. 6 (1984) and JP-A-57-8542 and JP-A-57-58143.
58-105145, 57-132146, 58-18631, 57-97530, 57-
Antibacterial agents, antibacterial agents, surfactants and the like described in US Pat. No. 257244 can be used in combination, if necessary.

Further, a washing bath (or a stabilizing bath) may be used, if necessary, by RTKreiman, J. Image, Tech., Vo.
l.10 No.6, page 242 (1984), isothiazoline compounds, bromochlorodimethylhydantoin, Resear
ch Disclosure Volume 205, No. 20526 (May, 1981), Volume 228, No. 22845 (April, 1983, April), isothiazoline compounds described in JP-A-62-209532 Compounds, etc., as antibacterial agent (Microbiocide),
They can be used together if necessary.

In addition, Hiroshi Horiguchi, "Chemistry of Bacterial Prevention and Prevention",
Compounds such as those described in Mitsui Shuppan (Showa 57), “Handbook of Bacterial Prevention and Prevention Technology”, Hakuhodo (Showa 61), Japan Society of Bacterial Prevention and Prevention may be included.

The replenishing amount of the washing water and / or the stabilizing solution is preferably 10 liters or less per 1 m ² of the light-sensitive material. The preferred replenishment rate is 100 for a one-stage tank
A 0~5000ml / m ^2, in the case of countercurrent replenishment at two stages to four-stage tank is 50~500ml / m ^2.

The conditions for the water washing and stabilizing treatments are preferably 10 to 35 ° C. and 3 to 30 seconds.

[0150]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Emulsion A: {100} as a main plane (hereinafter simply referred to as {10}
Sometimes 0｝. ) Preparation of high silver chloride tabular grain emulsion 1582 ml of an aqueous gelatin solution (gelatin-1) was placed in a reaction vessel.
(19.5 g of deionized alkali-treated bone gelatin having a methionine content of about 40 μmol / g), HNO ₃ IN solution 7.
An aqueous solution containing 8 ml. pH 4.3), 13 ml of NaCl-1 solution (containing 10 g of NaCl in 100 ml of water)
While maintaining the temperature at 40 ° C., the Ag-1 solution (containing 20 g of AgNO _{3 in} 100 ml of water) and the X-1 solution (100 ml of water)
(Including 7.05 g of NaCl therein) at 62.4 ml / min. In 15.6 ml portions. After stirring for 3 minutes,
The Ag-2 solution (containing 2 g of AgNO _{3 in} 100 ml of water) and the X-2 solution (containing 1.4 g of KBr in 100 ml of water) were simultaneously mixed at 80.6 ml / min in 28.2 ml portions. After stirring for 3 minutes, the Ag-1 solution and the X-1 solution were simultaneously mixed and added at 62.4 ml / min in 46.8 ml portions. After stirring for 2 minutes,
203 ml of gelatin aqueous solution (gelatin-1 13 g, Na
1.3 g of Cl, NaOH 1N to reach pH 6.5
Aqueous solution containing the liquid) to adjust the pCl to 1.75.
The temperature was raised to 63 ° C., and then 6 × 10 ^-4 mol of hydrogen peroxide solution was added to 1 g of gelatin, and pCl was added at 1.70.
And aged for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the AgCl fine particle emulsion (E-1) (average particle diameter: 0.1 μm) was
It was added at a rate of 2.68 × 10 ⁻² mol / min for 20 minutes. After aging for 40 minutes after completion of the addition, the following precipitant-1 was added, the temperature was lowered to 35 ° C, and the precipitate was washed by settling. An aqueous alkali-treated gelatin solution was added, and the pH was adjusted to 6.0 at 60 ° C. A TEM image of a replica of the obtained particles was observed. The resulting grains were silver chlorobromide {100} tabular grains containing 0.44 mol% of AgBr based on silver.

[0152]

Embedded image

The shape characteristic value of the obtained grains is (the total projected area of {100} tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 1 to 30 / the sum of the projected areas of all silver halide grains) × 1.
00 = a1 = 95% (Average aspect ratio (average diameter / average thickness) of {100} tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 1 or more) = a2 = 15.5 (of {100} tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 1 or more) (Average projected area diameter) = a3 = 1.40 μm (principal edge length ratio of {100} tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 1 or more) = a4 = 0.90 (average of {100} tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 1 or more) Thickness) = a5 = 0.09 μm (Coefficient of variation of thickness distribution of {100} tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 1 or more (standard deviation of thickness / average thickness) = a6 =
0.11 (Two dislocation lines extending from the corners of the {100} tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 1 or more are projected area sums of grains observable with a transmission electron microscope / aspect ratio of 2 to 30. {100} Projected area sum of tabular grains × 10
0) = a7 = 87% (average angle of angles formed by two dislocation lines) = a8 = 56 °

When the tabular grains were observed with a direct TEM image, the dislocation lines could be observed in grains having a projected area of 57% even in the emulsion after coating.

Emulsion B: Preparation of {111} AgBr Tabular Grains 6.0 g of potassium bromide and 7.0 g of low molecular weight gelatin having a weight average molecular weight of 15,000 were added to 1 liter of water.
37 ml of silver nitrate aqueous solution while stirring into a container maintained at ℃
38 ml of an aqueous solution containing (4.00 g of silver nitrate) and 5.9 g of potassium bromide was added over 37 seconds by the double jet method. Next, after adding 18.6 g of gelatin, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. and 89 ml of an aqueous silver nitrate solution (9.80 g of silver nitrate) was added to 2 parts of the mixture.
Added over 2 minutes. Here, 7 ml of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added, the mixture was physically aged at the same temperature for 10 minutes, and then 6.5 ml of a 100% aqueous acetic acid solution was added. Subsequently, 435 ml of an aqueous solution of 153 g of silver nitrate and 5 parts of potassium bromide were added.
73 g of an aqueous solution (677 ml) was added by a control double jet method over 35 minutes while maintaining the pAg at 8.5 until the silver nitrate aqueous solution was completely added. Next, 15 ml of a 2N potassium thiocyanate solution was added. After physical ripening at the same temperature for 5 minutes, the temperature was lowered to 35 ° C. a1 =
95%, a2 = 12.0, a3 = 1.20 μm, a5 =
Monodispersed pure silver bromide {111} tabular grains having a diameter of 0.10 μm and a variation coefficient of projected area diameter of 15.5% were obtained.

Thereafter, soluble salts were removed by a sedimentation method. The temperature was raised again to 40 ° C., 30 g of deionized and alkali-treated gelatin, 2.35 g of phenoxyethanol, and 0.8 g of sodium polystyrene sulfonate as a thickener.
And pH 5.90 with caustic soda and silver nitrate solution, p
Ag was adjusted to 8.00.

Emulsion C: high Br content {100} tabular grains An aqueous gelatin solution [1.2 liters of H ₂ O,
Containing 25 g of gelatin and 11 g of NaCl, and adjusted to pH 3.9 with HNO ₃ solution], keeping the temperature at 40 ° C., and adding 8.0 ml of AgNO ₃ -1 solution (AgNO ₃ 10 g / l) in 2 seconds while stirring. did. After 5 minutes, solution X-1 (KBr
140 g / liter solution) and Ag-2 solution (AgNO ₃
(200 g / liter solution) was added at approximately 50 ml / min for 1 minute. However, the start of the addition of the X-1 solution was changed to Ag-2.
This was advanced for one second before the start of the liquid addition. One minute after the completion of the addition, a NaOH solution was added to adjust the pH to 5.5. Further, an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (average degree of polymerization of vinyl acetate is 500, 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol having an average saponification rate of 98% to alcohol, 50 ml of H ₂ O) and an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl imidazole copolymer are represented by the following formula. Weight average molecular weight 1.5 × 10 ⁵ , x: y: z: w = 60: 7:
13:30 (10 g, H ₂ O: 100 ml) was added to bring the silver potential to 50 mV, and the temperature was raised to 75 ° C. After the temperature was raised, the silver potential was readjusted to 50 mV. After aging for 30 minutes,
Ag-3 solution and (AgNO ₃ 100 g / l) X-
Using two liquids (KBr 71 g / l), the silver potential was 5
While maintaining the pressure at 0 mV, the Ag-3 solution was added at an initial speed of 5 ml / min and a linear flow rate acceleration of 0.05 ml / min for 30 minutes. After 3 minutes, a precipitant was added, the temperature was lowered to 30 ° C., pH was set to 4.0,
The emulsion was allowed to settle. The precipitated emulsion was washed with water, heated to 38 ° C., a gelatin solution was added, and the emulsion was redispersed. Observation of a TEM image (transmission electron micrograph image) of a replica of the obtained emulsion particle showed the following. According to this, 92% of the total projected area of all AgX has a principal plane of $ 1.
00｝ plane, projected outline shape is right-angled parallelogram 4
One or two of the corners were missing, and the average chipping rate was about 10% of the edge length. The edge face with no corner was a {110} face. Average diameter 1.4μ
m, average aspect ratio 10.0, and coefficient of variation of diameter distribution (standard deviation of distribution / average diameter) were 0.21.

[0158]

Embedded image

Chemical sensitization The particles prepared as described above were subjected to chemical sensitization while being kept at 56 ° C. while stirring. First, the following thiosulfonic acid compound-1 was added in an amount of 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ mol per mol of silver halide, and then AgBr fine particles having an average grain diameter of 0.10 μm were added in an amount of 1.0 mol% based on the total silver amount. After 5 minutes, 1
% KI solution at 1 × 10 5 per mole of silver halide
^-3 mol was added, and 3 minutes later, 1 × 1 of thiourea dioxide was added.
0 ^-6 mol / mol Ag was added, and the mixture was kept as it was for 22 minutes to perform reduction sensitization. Next, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a, 7-tetraazaindene was added to 3 × 10 ^−4.
Mol / mol Ag and the following sensitizing dyes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were added. Further, 1 × 10 ⁻² mol / mol Ag was added to calcium chloride. Furthermore, chloroauric acid 1 × 10 ^-5 mol /
Mol Ag and potassium thiocyanate 3.0 × 10 ⁻³ mol / mol Ag were added, followed by sodium thiosulfate (6 × 10 ⁻⁶ mol / mol Ag) and the following selenium compound-1 (4 × 10 ⁻⁶ mol / mol Ag). Mol Ag) and the following tellurium compound-1 (2 × 10 ⁻⁶ mol / mol Ag) were added. After an additional 3 minutes, nucleic acid (0.5 g / mol Ag) was added. 40
Minutes later, the following water-soluble mercapto compound-1 was added, and 35
Cooled to ° C.

Thus, the preparation of the emulsion (chemical ripening) was completed.

[0161]

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(Preparation of Emulsion Layer Coating Solution) The following chemicals were added to 1 mol of silver halide to the above chemically sensitized emulsion to prepare an emulsion coating solution.

Gelatin (including gelatin in emulsion) 25.0 g Dextran (average molecular weight 39,000) 2.0 g Sodium polyacrylate (average molecular weight 400,000) 2.0 g Sodium polystyrene sulfonate ( 1.2 g-Potassium iodide-78 mg-Hardener 1,2-bis (vinylsulfonylacetamide) ethane The amount added is adjusted so that the swelling ratio becomes the value of Tables 1, 2 and 3.-Compound A-1 42.1 mg Compound A-2 10.3 g Compound A-3 0.11 g Compound A-4 8.5 mg Compound A-5 0.43 g Compound A-6 0.04 g Compound A- 7 30 g Dye emulsion a (as dye solids) 0.50 g Dye emulsion m (as dye solids) 30 mg (adjusted to pH 6.1 with NaOH) Thing A
-1 to A-7 are as follows.

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The dye dispersions a and m used above were prepared as follows.

(Preparation of Dye Emulsion a)
0g and 62.8 g of 2,4-diamylphenol,
62.8 g of dicyclohexyl phthalate and 333 g of ethyl acetate were dissolved at 60 ° C. Next, 65 ml of a 5% by weight aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 94 g of gelatin and 581 ml of water were added and emulsified and dispersed at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes with a dissolver. Next, 2 g of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and 6 liters of water were added, and 40
The temperature was lowered to ° C. Next, using an ultrafiltration laboratory module ACP1050 manufactured by Asahi Kasei, the mixture was concentrated until the total amount became 2 kg, and 1 g of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate was added to obtain a dye emulsion a.

[0167]

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(Preparation of Dye Emulsion m)
0 g was weighed, dissolved in a solvent consisting of 10 ml of tricresyl phosphate and 20 ml of ethyl acetate, and then emulsified and dispersed in 100 ml of a 15% by weight aqueous gelatin solution containing 750 mg of the following anionic surfactant-1 to obtain a dye emulsion. The product m was prepared.

[0169]

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(Preparation of Dye Layer Coating Solution) A coating solution was prepared so that each component of the dye layer had the following coating amount. Gelatin 0.25 g / m ² Compound A-8 1.4 mg / m ² Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (average molecular weight 600,000) 5.9 mg / m ² Dye dispersion i (as dye solid content) 20 mg / m ^Two

The compound A-8 was as shown below, and the dye dispersion i was prepared as follows.

[0172]

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(Preparation of Dye Dispersion i) The following Dye-3 was treated as a wet cake without drying, and weighed to a dry solid content of 6.3 g. The following dispersion aid V is
It was treated as a 25% by weight aqueous solution, and was added so that the dry solid content was 30% by weight based on the dye solid content. Water was added to make a total amount of 63.3 g, and mixed well to form a slurry.
100 ml of beads made of zirconia having an average diameter of 0.5 mm were prepared, placed in a vessel together with the slurry, and dispersed in a disperser (1/1).
6G sand grinder mill: manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.)
For 6 hours, and water was added so that the dye concentration became 8% by weight to obtain a dye dispersion.

The resulting dispersion was mixed so that the solid content of the dye was 5% by weight and the gelatin for photography was equal to the solid content of the dye, and the following additive D as a preservative was added to the gelatin at 2000 ppm. Add distilled water to refrigerate,
Stored in jelly form.

Thus, a dye-like dye dispersion i was obtained as a non-elutable solid fine particle dispersion dye having a light absorption maximum at 915 nm.

The average particle diameter of the solid fine particles of the dye dispersion i was 0.4 μm.

[0177]

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[0178]

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(Preparation of Coating Solution for Surface Protective Layer) A coating solution for surface protective layer was prepared so that each component had the following coating amount.

・ Gelatin 0.780 g / m ²・ Sodium polyacrylate (average molecular weight: 400,000) 0.025 g / m ²・ Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (average molecular weight: 600,000) 0.0012 g / m ²・ Mat agent-1 (average grain) 3.7 μm in diameter) 0.072 g / m ² · Mat agent-2 (average particle size 0.7 μm) 0.010 g / m ² · Compound A-9 0.018 g / m ² · Compound A-10 0.037 g / m ² · Compound A-11 0.0068g / m ² · compound A-12 0.0032g / m ² · compound A-13 0.0012g / m ² · compound A-14 0.0022g / m ² · compound ^{A-15 0.030 g / m 2} · Proxel (Manufactured by ICI) 0.0010 g / m ² (adjusted to pH 6.8 with NaOH) Matting agents-1, 2 and compounds A-9 to A to 15 in the above are shown below.

[0181]

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[0182]

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(Preparation of Support) (1) Preparation of Dye Dispersion B for Undercoat Layer The following Dye-4 was ball-milled by the method described in JP-A-63-197943.

[0184]

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434 ml of water and Triton X200
(Registered trademark) surfactant (TX-200 (registered trademark))
791 ml of a 6.7% aqueous solution was placed in a 2 liter ball mill. 20 g of Dye-4 were added to this solution. 400 ml of zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ ) beads (2 mm
(Diameter) was added and the contents were ground for 4 days. After this, 1
160 g of 2.5% gelatin was added. After defoaming, the ZrO ₂ beads were removed by filtration. Observation of the obtained dye dispersion showed that the particle size of the pulverized dye was 0.05
It had a wide distribution from 1.15 μm, and the average particle size was 0.37 μm. Furthermore, dye particles having a size of 0.9 μm or more were removed by centrifugation. Thus, a dye dispersion B was obtained.

(2) Preparation of Support A corona discharge was carried out on a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 175 μm, and the coating amount of the first undercoating liquid having the following composition was 4.9 ml / m ^2. And then dried at 185 ° C. for 1 minute to provide a first undercoat layer.

Next, a first undercoat layer was similarly provided on the opposite surface. The polyethylene terephthalate used contained Dye-1 (described above) at 0.04% by weight.

(First undercoat liquid) • Butadiene-styrene copolymer latex solution (solid content: 40%; butadiene / styrene weight ratio = 31/69) 158 ml • 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine sodium 4 ml salt 4% solution 41 ml distilled water 801 ml * The latex solution contains the following compound A-16 as an emulsifying dispersant in an amount of 0.4 wt% based on the solid content of the latex.

[0189]

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(3) Coating of undercoat layer A second undercoat layer having the following composition was formed on the first undercoat layers on both sides of the above both sides such that the coating amount was as described below.
Apply to both sides by wire bar coder method, 15
Dried at 5 ° C.

Gelatin 100 mg / m ² Dye Dispersion B (as dye solids) 50 mg / m ² Compound A-17 1.8 g / m ² Compound A-18 0.27 g / m ² Matting agent average 2.5 g / m ^{2 of} polymethyl methacrylate having a particle size of 2.5 μm Compounds A-17 and A-18 in the above are shown below.

[0192]

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(Preparation of a photographic light-sensitive material) On the support prepared as described above, the emulsion of the dye layer and the emulsion layer is combined with the surface protective layer using the emulsion and coated on both sides by the simultaneous extrusion method. Coated and dried.

The coated silver amount per side was 1.4 g / m ² ,
The total amount of gelatin coated on one side and the amount of polymer latex in the emulsion layer were as shown in Tables 1 to 3 using the corresponding emulsion layer coating solutions. At this time, the polymer latex used in Tables 1-3 was used, and the average particle size of the dispersed particles was about 0.1.
μm.

(Measurement of swelling ratio)
It aged for 7 days at 0 ° C. and 60% RH. Next, this photosensitive material was immersed in distilled water at 21 ° C. for 3 minutes, and this state was frozen and fixed with liquid nitrogen. This light-sensitive material was cut with a microtome so as to be perpendicular to the light-sensitive material surface, and then freeze-dried at -90 ° C. The swelled film thickness Tw was determined by observing the thus-treated one with a scanning electron microscope. On the other hand, the film thickness Td in a dry state was also determined by cross-sectional observation using a scanning electron microscope. The difference between Tw and Td thus obtained is divided by Td to obtain 100.
The multiplied value was defined as a swelling ratio (unit%).

{(Tw−Td) / Td} × 100 = Swelling Ratio (%) In this way, the swelling ratio of the photographic light-sensitive material of this example was determined.

(Preparation of developer) Potassium bromide 2.0 g Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 4.0 g Sodium sulfite 10.0 g Potassium hydrogen carbonate 70.0 g Sodium erythorbate 55.0 g 4-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl -3-pyrazolidone 6.0 g diethylene glycol 25.0 g

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[0199]

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Water is added to make up 1 liter. Adjust to pH 10.1 with sodium hydroxide.

(Preparation of developer replenisher) The above developer was used as it was as a developer replenisher.

(Preparation of developing mother liquor) 50 ml of a starter solution having the following composition was added per liter of the developing solution, and the pH was adjusted to 9.
The developer of No. 6 was used as a developing mother liquor.

(Preparation of Starter Solution) Potassium bromide 11.0 g Acetic acid 10.8 g Water was added to make up to 50 ml.

(Preparation of Fixing Solution) Water Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium dihydrate 0.05 g Sodium thiosulfate / pentahydrate 150.0 g Sodium sulfite 5.0 g Acetic acid or succinic acid Amount shown in Tables 1 to 3 NaOH Adjust to pH 5.2 and add water to make 1 liter. The mother liquor and the replenisher of the fixing solution were the same, and the one having the above composition was used.

(Preparation of Washing Water Replenisher) Distilled water 1 liter Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 0.5 g Sodium bisulfite 0.5 g 5-Sulfosalicylic acid 0.5 g NaOH is adjusted to pH 5.5. The mother liquor of the washing water and the replenisher were the same.

(Processing of photographic material) CEPROS-S manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. was modified, and the washing tank was replaced with two-stage countercurrent washing, and the second washing tank was supplemented with washing water. Also,
The opening ratios of the developing tank and the fixing tank were improved to 0.02 cm ^-1 .
The capacity of each washing tank was 4 liters. Drying is performed by a heat roller method (roller surface temperature 85 ° C).
Was used.

Using the developing mother liquor, the fixing mother liquor and the rinsing water mother liquor, the processing was carried out while replenishing the developing replenisher and the rinsing water replenisher with 100 ml per 1 m ^{2 of the} photosensitive material. The fixing replenishment amounts were as shown in Tables 1 to 3.

Process temperature Processing time Current image 35 ° C. 16 seconds Fixed 35 ° C. 16 seconds First rinsing 20 ° C. 10 seconds Second rinsing 20 ° C. 10 seconds Drying 8 seconds Total 60 seconds

The drying property of the processing and the odor of the fixing solution during running equilibrium were evaluated according to the following criteria.

(Evaluation of Drying Property) It is completely dry. ◎ Almost dry but slightly moist, but harmless. ○ Improper drying is occurring. △ Not dried. ×

(Odor Evaluation) It is odorless. ○ There is an odor. × The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0212]

[Table 1]

[0213]

[Table 2]

[0214]

[Table 3]

As is clear from the results of Tables 1 to 3, as shown in Experiment Nos. 1 to 10, 240 ml of a fixing solution containing 0.20 mol / l of succinic acid, which is a standard for low replenishment conditions,
Nos. 4 to 10 where the amount of gelatin applied was low and the amount of polymer latex was high when running processing was performed with a replenishment rate of / m ²
Good drying properties can be obtained only in the case of

Further, as shown in Experiment Nos. 14 to 19, in the case of succinic acid 0.20 mol / L and 0.40 mol / L, good drying properties can be obtained with a small replenishing amount of the fixing solution. As shown by Nos. 13 to 13, in the case of 0.10 mol / liter of succinic acid, good drying properties can be obtained only in the case of Experiment No. 13 where the replenishing amount of the fixing solution is very large.

As shown in Experiment Nos. 20 to 28, when the amount of gelatin applied was large and the amount of polymer latex was small, good drying properties could not be obtained under any of the processing conditions.

As shown in Experiment Nos. 29 to 37, when acetic acid was used as the fixing solution, good drying properties were obtained in Experiment Nos. 34 to 37 having a high acetic acid concentration and a large replenishing amount of the fixing solution. Also, the odor of the fixing solution is not good.

The image obtained according to the process of the present invention had no problem in photographic performance and fixing property.

[0220]

According to the present invention, a good drying property can be realized in a process in which a replenishing amount of the fixing solution is reduced by using a fixing solution having no odor.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI G03C 5/395 G03C 5/395

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. The coating amount of gelatin of all layers per 1 m ^{2 of} one side is 2.2 g or less, the coating amount of polymer latex of silver halide emulsion layer per 1 m ^{2 of} one side is 0.9 g or more, and the swelling ratio is A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material having a content of 130% or less is developed, treated with a fixing solution containing 0.15 mol / L or more of succinic acid, and then washed with water and dried. Processing method of silver halide photographic light-sensitive material. 2. The method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material according to claim 1, wherein the replenishing amount of the fixing solution is 250 ml or less per 1 m ^{2 of the} silver halide photographic light-sensitive material. 3. The method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material according to claim 1, wherein the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material contains a silver halide emulsion containing tabular silver halide grains.