JPH117079A - Reel for photosensitive material and photographic processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove paper powder from both side ends in the width direction of photographic paper without reducing working efficiency. SOLUTION: Cloth members 334 are disposed on the inside surfaces on the outer periphery sides of respective reel plates 333 on which both side ends of the photographic paper abut at least at the time of supplying the photographic paper. Therefore, in the case of pulling out the photographic paper P from a photographic paper roll 331 set in a core member 332, both side end parts of the photographic paper P pulled out pass while rubbing on the cloth range W of the members 334 such as velvet, the paper powder at both side end parts of the photographic paper P is wiped out and removed within the cloth range W of the member 334. Then, the paper powder is prevented from adhering to the surface of the photographic paper to be exposed and a white part caused by non-exposure due to the adhesion of the paper powder is eliminated, so that good-quality printing processing is realized.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a photoreceptor material reel on which a rolled-up photoreceptor material can be set, and a method for projecting or sticking an image onto a photoreceptor material supplied from the photoreceptor material reel. The present invention relates to a photographic processing apparatus such as a photographic printing development processing apparatus that develops and develops.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in this type of photographic processing apparatus, for example, when obtaining a composite image of a picture and a character, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, photographic paper as a long photosensitive material is used. A photographic paper magazine in which the wound photographic paper reel 100 is incorporated is mounted, and a character area of the photographic paper P supplied from the photographic paper reel 100 in the photographic paper magazine is covered with a shielding mask. After a pattern is printed on the pattern area, the pattern area is covered with a shielding mask, and a character lithographic negative is applied to the character area of the photographic paper to print the character. Thereafter, a development process is performed on the picture or character printed on each area.

The photographic paper reel 100 includes a core member 101 on which the photographic paper P is wound, and respective reel plates 102 for restricting the width of the photographic paper P wound on the core member 101 from both sides. And the photographic paper reel 10
The image is printed on the photographic paper P pulled out from 0 and developed.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional configuration, the photographic paper reel 100 in the photographic paper magazine is not provided.
Paper dust caused by cutting or the like adheres to both side edges in the width direction of the photographic paper P supplied and drawn out of the photographic paper P, and when the paper dust adheres to the surface of the photographic paper P to be exposed, the adhered portion is not The exposed state was obtained, and the unexposed portion became white after development, and there was a problem in printing quality.

[0005] In particular, FOCRT (Fiber Optic Cathode-
In the case of Ray-Tube, it is a contact exposure, and the surface of the contact exposure portion is electrostatically attracted and attracts dust easily, and dust such as paper powder easily adheres to the surface of the contact exposure portion, and the surface of the contact exposure portion of the FOCRT is used. If dust such as paper dust adheres to the photographic paper P, it becomes a white line after development along the transport direction of the photographic paper P, resulting in a defective product.

[0006] To solve this problem, the FOCRT is periodically
The surface of the contact exposure unit was wiped, but the work efficiency deteriorated and the dust such as paper dust did not disappear on the surface of the contact exposure unit. As a result, the printing quality was reduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and a photoreceptor material reel and a photograph capable of removing paper dust from both side edges in the width direction of photographic paper before exposure without deteriorating work efficiency. It is an object to provide a processing device.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a photoreceptor material reel comprising: a core member on which a photoreceptor material can be set; and a width regulating member for restricting the width of the photoreceptor material set on the core member. And a paper dust removing member is provided at least on the inner side surface of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photosensitive material contact when supplying the photosensitive material.

According to this configuration, since the paper dust removing member is disposed at least on the inner side surface of the width regulating member at which the both ends of the photosensitive material come into contact when the photosensitive material is supplied, the paper dust adheres to both ends of the photosensitive material. Even when the photoreceptor material is pulled out during exposure, the paper dust on both sides of the photoreceptor material is wiped off with a paper dust removal member such as cloth, and the photosensitive material is exposed without deteriorating the work efficiency. Paper powder will be removed from the body material.

Further, the photographic processing apparatus of the present invention is a photographic processing apparatus for printing an image on a photosensitive material supplied from a photosensitive material reel to a printing processing unit. A core member on which a body material can be set, a width regulating member for regulating the width of the photoconductor material set on the core member, and at least an inner side of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photoconductor material abut when the photosensitive material is supplied. And a paper dust removing member disposed on the surface portion.

According to this configuration, since the paper dust removing member is provided at least on the inner side surface of the width regulating member at which both side edges of the photosensitive material contact when supplying the photosensitive material, the photosensitive member is supplied at the time of supplying the photosensitive material before exposure. Paper dust adhering to both side edges of the material is wiped off by a paper dust removing member such as a cloth, so that the paper dust does not adhere to the surface of the photosensitive material to be exposed, and the dust such as paper dust is burned. The paper part adheres to the photoreceptor material side and the exposed part surface side, eliminating white parts and white lines due to unexposure of the photoreceptor material, enabling printing with good print quality. It is also possible to suppress print loss.

Further, the photographic processing apparatus of the present invention is a photographic processing apparatus for printing an image on a photosensitive material supplied to a printing processing unit. A width direction regulating member for regulating the material in the width direction is provided, and a paper dust removing member is arranged on at least a part of an inner surface portion of the width direction regulating member with which the photosensitive material contacts. It is.

According to this structure, a width-direction regulating member for regulating the width of the photosensitive material in the width direction is disposed on the conveying path of the photosensitive material to the printing section, and the inner surface of the width-direction regulating member with which the photosensitive material contacts. Since the paper dust removing member is provided in at least a part of the section, the paper dust on both side edges of the photosensitive material before reaching the printing section is wiped off by a paper dust removing member such as a cloth. Paper dust does not adhere to the surface of the photoreceptor material to be exposed, and no dust such as paper dust is brought into the printing unit. As a result, white portions and white lines due to unexposed light are eliminated, printing processing with good print quality can be performed, and print loss can be suppressed.

Further, the photographic processing apparatus of the present invention is a photographic processing apparatus for printing an image on a photosensitive material supplied from a reel for a photosensitive material to a printing processing unit. A core member on which a material can be set,
A width regulating member that regulates the width of the photoconductor material set on the core member; and a paper dust removing member disposed at least on an inner surface of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photoconductor material abut upon supply of the photoconductor material. Having a width-direction regulating member for regulating the width of the photoconductor material in the conveying path of the photoconductor material to the printing processing unit, and at least an inner surface of the width-direction regulating member with which the photoconductor material contacts. The paper dust removing member is provided in a part thereof.

According to this configuration, since the paper dust removing member is provided on the photosensitive material reel and the width direction regulating member, the paper dust on both side edges of the photosensitive material is removed when the photosensitive material is supplied before exposure. The paper dust removing member can be more reliably wiped off, so that the paper dust does not adhere to the surface of the photosensitive material to be exposed, and that the dust such as paper dust does not enter the printing unit, and Adhesion of paper powder to the material side and the surface of the exposed part eliminates white areas and white lines due to unexposed photoreceptor material, enabling better printing quality printing processing and further suppressing print loss. It becomes possible.

Still preferably, in a photographic processing apparatus according to the present invention, the printing processing unit includes a first printing processing unit that prints a film image on photographic paper, and a printing process that prints an image displayed on the image display unit on photographic paper. A second printing unit for processing is provided.

With this configuration, it is possible to perform a case where only the pattern image of the film is burned and a case where the combined image of the pattern image and the character image is burned. Without reducing the work efficiency of
Printing quality good printing process that does not contain the above-mentioned paper powder,
It is possible to perform printing processing with less print loss.

Further, preferably, the image display section of the printing processing section in the photographic processing apparatus of the present invention has a FOCRT (Fiber Optic Cathode-Ray-Tube) having a contact exposure section.

According to this configuration, the image display unit is particularly FOC.
In the case of RT, dust is easily attracted by static electricity, and paper dust easily adheres to the surface of the exposed portion. However, if the paper dust removing member is provided on the photoreceptor material reel and the width direction regulating member, the above-described paper dust is removed. Is not brought into the exposed surface of the printing unit, so that the effect of the present invention of performing printing with good print quality and printing with little print loss becomes remarkable.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a photographic processing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an external structure of a printing and developing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The vertical direction of FIG. 1 is the same as the vertical direction of the apparatus. The front-rear direction of the apparatus and the front-rear direction of FIG. 1 will be described as the left-right direction of the apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 1, the printing and developing apparatus includes:
An operation panel 1 disposed on the front side, a first printing processing unit 2 built in the rear of the operation panel 1, and a printing paper magazine disposed above the first printing processing unit 2. A second printing unit 4 for printing on photographic paper as a photoreceptor material supplied from 3; a developing unit 5 disposed on the rear side of the first printing unit 2; And a photographic paper discharge section 6 disposed above the photographic paper discharge section 6. A start switch, a first printing unit 2 or a second
There are provided various keys such as a selection key for selecting the burn-in processing unit 4 and a magnification setting key for designating an enlargement magnification at the time of burning.
By operating the various keys, a printing process and a developing process are performed.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the first printing unit 2 of FIG. 1. The front, rear, left, right, and up and down directions of FIG.

In FIG. 2, a first printing unit 2 prints a film image on photographic paper. The first printing unit 2 is provided with a film image exposing unit 21 provided at the upper front side and a central printing unit. A print processing unit 22 for exposing and printing a film image by a film image exposure unit 21; and a magazine mount for mounting two photographic paper magazines 23a and 23b on which photographic papers of different sizes are wound. Unit 24 and a photographic paper selectively drawn out of one of the two photographic paper magazines 23 a and 23 b to the printing processing unit 22.
Transport unit 25, the printing unit 22 and the first transport unit 2
5, a cutter unit 26 for cutting a long photographic paper to a predetermined length by a cutter 27 and a cutter driving unit 28, and a printing paper which has been printed by a printing processing unit 22. And a second transport section 29 for transporting the developer to the development processing section 5.

The film image exposure unit 21 is disposed above the film transfer unit 211 for transferring each frame of the developed negative film F to the printing position, and above the negative film F set in the film transfer unit 211. Light source 212 such as a halogen lamp, a shutter 213 disposed between the negative film F set in the film transport unit 211 and the light source 212, and a film image conveyed on the printing processing unit 22. Optical lens 214 for imaging
The light source 212 is disposed in an obliquely inclined state so that light from the light source 212 is irradiated onto the printing processing unit 22 disposed in the center.

The film transport unit 211 includes a winding roller 215 for winding the negative film F, and a roller driving unit 216 including a pulse motor for driving the winding roller 215. The sheet is intermittently transferred to the printing position by the size. The shutter 213 is opened and closed by a shutter driving unit 217 including a pulse motor or the like. Further, the distance between the optical lens 214 and the printing paper is adjusted by a lens driving unit 218 including a pulse motor or the like, and the optical lens 214 is configured to be movable so that the film image is accurately formed on the printing paper.

The printing unit 22 is driven by a driving roller 221, which is a pulse motor or the like, and is driven by a driving roller 221. The conveying belt is stretched over a driving roller 221, a driven roller 222, and a tension roller 223. 224 is driven to rotate so as to move in the photographic paper transport direction H. The photographic paper transport surface of the transport belt 224 is disposed so as to be orthogonal to the optical axis of the light source 212, and a shielding mask 225 is disposed above the transport belt 224. The shielding mask 225 covers a predetermined area of the photographic paper. It is designed to shield.

Further, the magazine mounting section 24 includes a paper feed roller 241 at a position below the photographic paper magazine 23a and a paper feed roller 241 at a position below the photographic paper magazine 23b. A roller 242,
The paper feed rollers 241 and 242 are selectively rotated by a roller drive unit 243 composed of a pulse motor or the like to selectively draw out photographic papers having different sizes from any of the photographic paper magazines 23a and 23b. You can do it. The reel structure in each of the photographic paper magazines 23a and 23b of the present invention will be described later with reference to FIG.

Further, the second transport section 29 transfers the photographic paper subjected to the printing processing in the printing processing section 22 to the developing processing section 5 by roller driving sections 290 to 293 that drive rollers and belts for each block. The paper is sequentially conveyed toward.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the second printing unit 4 in FIG. 1. The front, rear, left, right, and up and down directions in FIG.

In FIG. 3, a second printing unit 4 is for printing a digital image on photographic paper. The image transferring unit 41 is provided on the front side and serves as a printing unit for transferring an image. A magazine mounting portion 42 disposed on the rear side of the image transfer portion 41 and on which the photographic paper magazine 3 is mounted, and a photographic paper P pulled out from the photographic paper magazine 3 are transferred downstream via the image transfer portion 41. Transport unit 43 that transports to the side
The image is transferred to the image transfer unit 41 and the first transfer unit 43
And a second transport unit 44 for transporting the photographic paper P transported from the printer toward the development processing unit 5.

The image transfer section 41 is disposed in the front-rear direction so that the display surface 414 as the surface of the exposure section faces rearward.
Image display unit 411 composed of FOCRT for displaying images
And a drive circuit unit 412 for driving the image display unit 411
And an image data output unit 413 for outputting image data to the drive circuit unit 412. The image data output unit 413 performs predetermined image processing on image data obtained by reading a picture such as a film image by an image pickup device such as a CCD, and outputs the image data every one to several lines, and receives an input from an external device such as a personal computer. The image data of the selected character is subjected to predetermined image processing and output every one to several lines.

At a position facing the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411, a pressure pad 416 that moves in a direction of contacting and separating from the image display unit 411 by a pad / roller drive unit 415 including a DC motor and a cam mechanism is provided. When printing on photographic paper by the image display unit 411, the image display unit 411 moves to the display surface 414 and the photographic paper is moved to the display surface 41.
4 so as not to float up.

The magazine mounting section 42 is configured such that the photographic paper magazine 3 is mounted with the outlet EX of the photographic paper facing forward, and the drive roller 32 and the drive roller 32 are driven by the magazine drive motor 31. The printing paper reel 33 is driven so that the printing paper P can be easily pulled out from the inside of the printing paper magazine 3 to the outlet EX.

The construction of the photographic paper reel 33 of the photographic paper magazine 3 is shown in FIG.
Similarly to the structure of the photographic paper reel shown in FIG. 4B, as shown in FIG. 4B, a core member 332 capable of setting a photographic paper roll (including a core) 331 wound with a long photographic paper is provided. A reel plate 333 as a width regulating member that regulates the photographic paper width of the photographic paper roll 331 set on the core member 332 from both sides, and a reel plate with which both ends of the photographic paper roll 331 abut on each side. A cloth member 334 as a paper dust removing member is disposed on a part (outer peripheral part in the present embodiment) or all of the inner side surface of the 333. It is configured to wipe off the powder. The cloth member 334 is preferably a flocked cloth, felt, non-woven cloth (Betchin in this embodiment), or the like as a paper dust removing cloth.

In the present embodiment, as shown in the vertical sectional view of FIG.
The reason why the Bettin cloth member 334 is disposed on the outer peripheral portion of the inner side surface portion 3 is that the printing from the printing paper roll 331 set on the core member 332 as shown in the cross-sectional view of the reel structure in FIG. When the paper P is pulled out, both end portions of the drawn photographic paper P pass while rubbing the cloth range W of the cloth member 334 of Vetchin, and the both end portions of the photographic paper P fall within the cloth range W of the cloth member 334. This is because it works so that the paper dust is wiped off and removed. This is because the reel plate 333 rotates when the photographic paper P is pulled out. Therefore, the Vetchin cloth member 334 is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the inner side surface of the reel plate 333. If the photographic paper P is not rotated, the cloth member 334 may be provided only on at least a part of the inner surface of the reel plate 333 through which both ends of the photographic paper P pass when the photographic paper P is pulled out.

A plurality of positioning grooves 335 are respectively formed near both ends of the outer peripheral portion of the core member 332, and each of the positioning grooves 335 is separated from the left and right grooves 335 according to the width dimension of the photographic paper roll 331. Are selected, and the reel plates 333 are positioned by being shifted by the selected left and right grooves 335, respectively. Normally, any one of the left and right reel plates 333 is shifted for positioning, so that the reel plate 333 can be easily shifted in the width direction of the printing paper with one touch.

As shown in FIG. 4 (c), one of the reel plates 333 is constituted by an outer peripheral plate 336 and an inner peripheral plate 337 so as to be freely divided into an outer periphery and an inner periphery. The outer peripheral plate 336 is overlapped from the outside and fixed with a screw member 338 to increase the outer diameter dimension so as to be integrated. In this case, the cloth member 334 is attached to the inner surface of the outer peripheral plate 336 such that the inner surfaces of the integrated outer peripheral plate 336 and inner peripheral plate 337 are flush. Further, the plate positioning fixing plate 339 of the one reel plate 333 has an arc-shaped portion 339 a formed so as to be fitted into the groove 335 on the outer peripheral portion of the core member 332. With the arc-shaped portions 339a facing each other, the respective arc-shaped portions 339a are fitted into predetermined grooves 335, respectively, and are fixed to the inner peripheral plate 337 with the screw members 340, thereby positioning one reel plate 333. Is being done.

The other reel plate 3 shown in FIG.
33 is different from the one reel plate 333 described above.
The other reel plate 333 according to the width of the photographic paper roll 331
Is configured so that it can be easily moved in the width direction with one touch. That is, the arc-shaped portion 341a of the fixed plate 341 is configured to be able to move back and forth along the outer surface of the inner peripheral plate 337 with respect to the groove 335 of the outer peripheral portion. This fixing plate 34
In FIG. 1, each elongated hole 342 that is long in the retreating direction is formed at a target position. The pins 343 are fixed to the inner peripheral plate 337 via the respective elongated holes 342. A bar spring 345 is provided between each of the pins 343 and the central hole 344 of the fixing plate 341, respectively.
1a is provided in a state of being urged in the direction of fitting into the groove 335, and if the center hole 344 is moved outward by a finger against the urging force of the bar spring 345, the circle of the fixing plate 341 is formed. The arc-shaped portion 341a is formed in each of
The finger is removed from the central hole 344 at a position of the predetermined groove 335 according to the change of the photographic paper width.
The arc-shaped portion 341a of 41 is moved by the urging force of the bar spring 345 along each elongated hole 342 so as to fit into the predetermined groove 335.

Next, the first transport section 43 includes a horizontal transport section 431 for transporting the photographic paper P drawn out from the outlet EX of the photographic paper magazine 3 in a horizontal direction, and a photographic paper of the horizontal transport section 431. Has a vertical transport section 432 that transports the paper downward by changing the direction by 90 °. Between the horizontal transport section 431 and the vertical transport section 432, a roller drive section 433 composed of a pulse motor or the like rotates. A driven transport roller 434 is provided. The transport roller 434 pulls out the photographic paper P from the photographic paper magazine 3, and sends the drawn photographic paper P from the horizontal transport unit 431 to the vertical transport unit 432.

The vertical transport section 432 includes a loop forming section 4
35, pad / roller drive mechanism and width direction regulating member 4
41 are provided.

The loop forming section 435 includes the transport roller 4
34 has a function to store the printing paper P conveyed by the loop 34 in a loop shape so that the photographic paper P can be conveyed downstream at a stable pitch. And a loop guide 436 disposed rotatably between a second position indicated by a chain line and a DC motor for switching the loop guide 436 between the first position and the second position. 437.

The pad / roller driving mechanism is controlled by a pad / roller driving unit 415, and moves the pressure pad 416 in the direction of contact / separation with the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411 by one DC motor. The configuration is such that the roller 438 is moved in the direction of contact and separation with respect to the drive roller 439. This drive roller 439
Are driven to rotate by a roller driving unit 440 including a pulse motor or the like.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the width direction regulating member 441 for preventing the photographic paper P from meandering is provided on the image display section 411.
Are arranged in the upper and lower vicinity positions with respect to the display surface 414, respectively, with the open sides of the U-shaped width regulating blocks 443 facing each other. The photographic paper P passes through the U-shaped portions of the pair of width regulating blocks 443 below the photographic paper P in a state where both lateral ends of the photographic paper P are regulated in the width direction. This lower width regulation block 443
Are provided with arm members 444, respectively, and the distal end of each arm member 444 is screwed into a screw rod 445. The threaded rod 445 has a right-hand thread on the left and a left-hand thread on the right from the center.
A pulley 446 is provided at one end (the left end of the right-hand thread).
A pulley 447 is provided at the other end of the threaded rod 445 (the right end of the left-hand thread). The pulley 446 is connected to the pulley 4 at the tip of the rotation shaft of the motor 449 via a belt 448.
50, and the pulley 447 is connected to the belt 4
A pulley 45 of another screw rod 452 having the same structure through 51
3 is connected. Another screw rod 452 having the same structure
Each arm member 4 of the pair of upper width regulating blocks 443
44 are screwed respectively. By the rotation of the screw rods 445 and 452 driven by the motor 449, a pair of upper width regulating blocks 443 and a pair of lower width regulating blocks 4 are formed.
Each of the U-shaped portions 43 is moved by an equal distance in accordance with the width of the photographic paper P so that the distance can be adjusted.

As shown in FIG. 7A, the printing paper P
A cloth member 454 as a paper dust removing member is attached to the entire inner surfaces of the U-shaped portions of the pair of width regulating blocks 443 that pass through in a state where both ends in the width direction are regulated in the width direction,
The cloth 454 wipes and removes the paper dust on both sides of the printing paper.

The cloth member 454 is preferably a flocked cloth, felt, non-woven cloth or the like as a paper dust removing cloth. Further, in the present embodiment, the cloth member 454 as a paper dust removing member is stuck on the entire inner surface of the U-shaped portion of the width regulating block 443 with a double-sided tape or an adhesive, but as shown in FIG. A cloth member 454 as a paper dust removing member may be attached to a part of the inner surface in the U-shaped portion, that is, the entire opposing surface except the bottom surface, with a double-sided tape or an adhesive. further,
The entrance portion of the U-shaped portion may be widened so that the photographic paper can be easily fitted.

Next, returning to FIG.
Is a stock unit 46 capable of temporarily storing photographic paper, a cutter unit 47 disposed downstream of the stock unit 46 for cutting photographic paper, and a photographic paper P cut by the cutter unit 47. And a transport section 48 for transporting to the developing processing section 5 side.

The stock section 46 has a function of temporarily storing the photographic paper P which has been passed through the image transfer section 41 of the printing processing section and downstream by a predetermined length and has not been subjected to the printing processing. A photographic paper storage box 461 disposed below the image display unit 411; a guide plate 462 capable of guiding the photographic paper P transported from the upstream side into the photographic paper storage box 461; Drive roller 464 that is rotationally driven by a roller drive unit 463 composed of
, A DC motor, a cam mechanism, and the like.
The guide plate 462 is moved to a position indicated by a solid line (when photographic paper is stored) or a position indicated by a chain line (when photographic paper is conveyed), while moving the drive roller 65 toward and away from the drive roller 464 from a direction inclined with respect to the conveyance path. Guide / roller drive unit 46
6.

The cutter unit 47 includes a first cutter 47.
DC for moving the first and second cutters 472 in the direction of contact and separation with respect to the second cutter 472
A cutter driving unit 473 composed of a motor or the like;
In the case where cut pieces (chips) are generated when the photographic paper P is cut at 7, a chip storage box 47 for storing the chips.
4, a guide plate 475 arranged downstream of the first cutter 471 and the second cutter 472 and capable of guiding the chips to a chip storage box 474, and a DC motor. A guide driving unit 476 for driving to the position indicated by the solid line (when the photographic paper is being conveyed) or the position indicated by the chain line (for storing the chips); a driving roller 477 and a driven roller 478 for conveying the cut photographic paper P to the next conveying unit 48; And a roller driving unit 479 for driving the driving roller 477 to rotate.

Further, the transport unit 48 receives the photographic paper P cut by the cutter unit 47 and transports the photographic paper P in the horizontal direction by using a roller driving unit 481, rollers and belts, and discharges from the horizontal transport unit 482. The received photographic paper P is received, and a roller driving unit 483 and a roller,
A vertical transport unit 484 that transports the belt to the development processing unit 5 side along the vertical direction.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view showing a partially broken state of the developing section 5 of FIG.

In FIG. 8, the developing processing section 5 feeds the photographic paper P, which has been subjected to the printing processing by the first printing processing section 2 and the second printing processing section 4, to a developing processing start position SP on the downstream side. The image forming apparatus includes a feeding unit 51, a processing tank 52 for developing the photographic paper P fed to the developing processing start position SP, and a drying processing chamber 53 for drying the developed photographic paper P.

The feeding unit 51 has a first entrance 511 for receiving the photographic paper P conveyed from the discharge side of the first printing unit 2, and has been carried into the first entrance 511. A first feeding unit 514 that feeds the photographic paper P to a development processing start position SP near the entrance of the processing tank 52 by a roller 513 that is driven to rotate by a roller driving unit 512; The second drive port 513 for receiving the photographic paper P transported from the vertical transport unit 484 and the photographic paper P transported into the second transport port 513 are moved to the developing process start position SP by the roller drive unit 512. A second feeding unit 516 for feeding by a roller 515 driven to rotate. The guide plates 517 and 518 are provided to guide the photographic paper P to the development processing start position SP.

The carry-in entrance of the processing tank 52 is located immediately below the developing processing start position SP, and includes a developing tank 521 filled with a developing solution, a bleach-fixing tank 522 filled with a bleach-fixing solution, A first stabilization tank 523 filled with a stabilizing liquid, a second stabilization tank 524 filled with a stabilizing liquid, a third stabilization tank 525 filled with a stabilizing liquid, And a fourth stable processing tank 526 in order from the near side to the rear side. Each of the processing tanks 521 to 526 has a transport roller rotatably driven by a roller driving unit 527 including a drive motor or the like. Each of the units 528 is provided so that the printing paper P can be sequentially loaded and unloaded into each of the processing tanks 521 to 526.

Further, the drying processing chamber 53 has a heating section 531 composed of a heater, a fan and the like (not shown) in the vertical direction, and receives the photographic paper P developed in the processing tank 52 to dry it. Then, after the paper is conveyed upward, the dried photographic paper P is discharged to the tray 61 of the photographic paper discharge section 6.

Next, although not shown, a control unit for controlling the above members includes a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as a CPU) for performing predetermined arithmetic processing, a ROM storing a predetermined control program, and processing data. RAM for temporarily storing
The whole operation of the printing and developing apparatus is controlled according to the above-mentioned predetermined control program.

That is, the CPU receives signals from the start switch, the selection key, the magnification setting key, the number-of-prints setting key, and the various sensors S1 to S3, thereby controlling the respective roller driving units of the first printing processing unit 2. 216,220,2
43, 290 to 294, a shutter drive unit 217, a lens drive unit 218, and a cutter drive unit 28, an image data output unit 413, a pad / roller drive unit 415, and a roller drive unit 433 of the second printing unit 4. 440, 47
9, 481, 483, a loop guide driving unit 437, a guide driving unit 476, a cutter driving unit 473, and further,
The driving of the roller driving units 512 and 527 of the developing unit 5 is controlled.

The operation of the above configuration will be described below.

Next, the second burn-in processing unit 4 is operated by a selection key.
Is selected, the photographic paper P pulled out from the photographic paper reel 33 in the magazine 3 is loaded onto the first transport path 43.

When the photographic printing paper P is pulled out from the photographic printing paper reel 33, both end portions of the photographic printing paper P pass while being rubbed by a betin cloth member 334. The photographic paper P is supplied to the first conveyance path 43 in a state where the paper dust in the portion is removed.

The case where the second printing processing unit 4 is selected is a case where a composite image of a picture image and a character image is required. In this case, as a previous step, a picture image such as a film is read in advance by an imaging device by an external device such as a personal computer, and character data is input from a keyboard or the like and synthesized with the picture image. Image processing is performed.

When the operation at the preceding stage is completed, various conditions are set, and the start switch is turned on, it is first determined whether or not the leading edge cut processing of the photographic paper is designated (step S1). This leading edge cut processing means that when the leading edge of the photographic paper in the magazine 3 is not cut at a right angle to the longitudinal direction or the like, the leading edge is cut to a predetermined length (for example, 100 m).
m) at a right angle to the longitudinal direction.

When the leading edge cut processing is not specified (NO in step S1: when the leading edge of the photographic paper is cut at right angles to the longitudinal direction), the first transport of the photographic paper pulled out from the magazine 3 is performed. Loading to the unit 43 is performed (step S2).

At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the driven roller 438 separates from the driving roller 439, and the loop forming section 4
The loop guide 436 at 35 has been switched to the first position (solid line position). In this state, the conveying roller 434 rotates and the leading end of the photographic paper P is
The photographic paper P is pulled out of the magazine 3 until the number reaches 2.

The pressure pad 416 has moved to a position separated from the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411, and the guide plate 462 and the driven roller 465 of the stock unit 46 have been transferred from the upstream side to the photographic paper. P has been moved to a position where it can be guided into the photographic paper storage box 461.

As described above, when the leading end of the printing paper P reaches the printing paper sensor S2, the loop forming unit 435 forms the printing paper P.
Is started, and the printing paper P is stored in the loop forming section 435 (step S3).

That is, when the leading end of the printing paper P reaches the printing paper sensor S2, the driven roller 438 is driven by the driving roller 439.
The printing paper P is moved to the side, the printing paper P is nipped between the driving roller 438 and the driven roller 439 and fixed at that position, and the loop guide 436 is moved to the second position (dotted line position). In this state, the photographic paper P is continuously pulled out of the magazine 3 by the transport roller 434. As a result, a loop of the printing paper P is formed by the loop forming section 435. This operation is continued until the loop sensor S1 detects the top of the photographic paper loop.

Next, photographic paper P of a length necessary for the printing process is sent out from the loop forming section 435 (step S).
4). In other words, when the drive roller 439 is driven to rotate, the loop forming unit 435 is set such that the length from the center position of the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411 to the leading end of the photographic paper P is equal to the length necessary for the printing process. The photographic paper P is sent out through the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411. The sent photographic paper P is used as a guide plate 46.
It is guided into the photographic paper storage box 461 along 2 and is stored in the photographic paper storage box 461 in a loop shape.

At this time, the image display unit 4 serving as a burning processing unit
Even if paper dust remains on both side edges of the photographic paper before reaching the display surface 414, the pair of upper width regulating blocks 443
The paper dust is wiped off and removed by the cloth member 454 in the U-shaped portion, so that the paper dust does not enter the display surface 414.

Further, a printing process is performed on the printing paper P (step S5). In other words, pressure pad 4
16 is pressed against the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411, and the drive roller 439 is intermittently rotated in the reverse direction so that the photographic paper P in the photographic paper storage box 461 is displayed on the image display unit 41.
The sheet is intermittently fed backward while being in close contact with the first display surface 414. At this time, the image display unit 411 is driven, and the printing paper P
The image is displayed on the display surface 4 by one to several lines in synchronization with the feeding operation of
14, the printing process is performed on the photographic paper P. At this time, the printing paper P is returned in the loop forming section 435 by the reverse feeding of the printing paper P.

At this time, the image display unit 4 serving as a burning processing unit
Even if paper dust remains on both side edges of the photographic paper before reaching the display surface 414 of 11, the paper dust is wiped off by the cloth member 454 in the U-shaped portion of the pair of lower width regulating blocks 443. That is, paper dust does not enter the display surface 414.

When the printing process is completed, the pressure pad 416 separates from the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411.

As described above, since the printing paper P is sent back from the stock unit 46 and the printing process is performed, an unstable load is not applied to the printing paper P, so that the printing paper P is removed at a high precision pitch. It becomes possible to send it back.

Further, the printing paper P on which the printing process has been completed is sent to the cutter unit 47 (step S6). At this time, the driven roller 465 moves to the drive roller 464 side, the guide plate 462 moves to the dashed line position, and the printing paper P conveyed from the upstream side is stored in the printing paper storage box 46.
The sheet is conveyed to the cutter unit 47 side without being sent to the cutter unit 1.

In this state, the printing paper P on which the printing process has been completed.
Is the photographic paper sensor S3 whose tip is immediately before the cutter 47.
Is transported by the transport roller 439 to a position where the roller reaches the position.
At this time, at the same time, the photographic paper P is pulled out from the photographic paper reel 33 in the magazine 3 by the transport roller 434, and the photographic paper P in the loop forming section 435 is maintained at a substantially constant length. .

As described above, when the leading end of the printing paper P reaches the printing paper sensor S3, the driven roller 465 is pressed against the driving roller 464 via the printing paper P, and the driving roller 464 is driven to rotate to print. The printing length of the printing paper P is conveyed toward the cutter unit 47 based on the position of the paper sensor S3. Thereafter, a cutting process of the photographic paper P is performed (Step S7).

Further, it is determined whether or not it is necessary to continue the printing process (whether or not repeat printing is performed) (step S).
8). Subsequently, when it is necessary to perform a printing process (step S
8 is YES), the designated printing type is determined as to whether or not the printing process has a white edge portion of the photographic paper (whether or not the printing process has a white edge around the printed image) (step S).
9). At the time of printing processing without a white edge portion (at the time of so-called borderless printing in which image printing has been performed on the edge portion of the image by a small dimension, ie, borderless printing) (NO in step S9), cutting of the leading end portion of the photographic paper P is performed. (Step S1
0). That is, the photographic paper P after cutting in step S7
Is conveyed to the cutter unit 47 by a predetermined dimension (for example, about 3 mm), and the leading end portion is cut. This allows
An edge portion of the image printed on the eye wider by the minute dimension (a portion on the leading end side of the photographic paper P to be printed next) is deleted. At this time, the guide plate 475 located below the cutter unit 47 moves to the second position (dashed line position) to guide the chips into the chip storage box 474. afterwards,
The guide plate 475 moves to the original first position (solid line position).

Next, it is determined whether or not the length of the photographic paper P to be subsequently printed is equal to or less than the distance (for example, 152 mm) between the center of the display surface 414 of the image display section 411 and the cutter section 47 (step). S11). At this time, the driven roller 46
5 is separated from the driving roller 464 and the driven roller 4
38 moves to the drive roller 439 side, and the printing paper P is nipped between the drive roller 439 and the driven roller 438. At this time, at the same time, the transport roller 436 rotates and the loop forming section 43
5, a loop of the photographic paper P is formed. Loop sensor S1
Detects a loop, the transport roller 436 stops.

Further, when the length of the printing paper P to be printed is equal to or less than the above length (YES in step S11), the center of the image display unit 411 and the printing paper P
Is fed back until the length of the tip of the film becomes the length required for the printing process. At this time, the length of the printing paper P required for the printing process is determined by the center of the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411 and the cutter unit 4.
If it is the same as the distance between 7, there is no need to send it back. Thereafter, the pressure pad 416 is moved to the image display section 4.
11, the printing paper P is intermittently reversely fed by the transport roller 439, and a printing process is performed on the image display unit 411 as described above (step S12). Thereafter, the process returns to step S6, and the above processing operation is repeated.

In this case, the display surface 41 of the image display unit 411
If the distance between the center 4 and the cutter unit 47 is set in accordance with the printing size (printing paper size) having a high printing frequency, the printing of the photographic paper P is performed during the printing process for the second and subsequent frames smaller than the printing size. The length necessary for processing is stored in the stock unit 46.
The sheet can be directly fed back from the cutter unit 47 without stocking, and the processing speed is increased, so that the printing efficiency can be increased.

When the length of the photographic paper P required for the printing process exceeds the above length (N in step S11)
O) The photographic paper P is fed back by the transport rollers 439 in a state where the pressure pad 416 is separated from the display surface 414 of the image display unit 411 until the leading end of the photographic paper P reaches a position on the upstream side immediately adjacent to the transport roller 464. Is done. The photographic paper P is sent out from the loop forming section 435 by the transport rollers 439 until the length required for the printing process is stored in the photographic paper storage box 461.

Further, in a state where the pressure pad 416 is pressed against the display surface 414 of the image display section 411, the photographic paper P in the photographic paper storage box 461 is transported by the transport rollers 439.
Is intermittently fed back by the image display unit 41 in the same manner as described above.
In step S13, a printing process is performed. afterwards,
Returning to step S6, the above operation is repeated. In addition,
At the time of printing processing with a white edge portion (YE in step S9)
S), the processing after step S11 is executed.

When it is not necessary to continue the printing process after the cutting process in step S7 (N in step S8).
O), it is determined whether or not the printing process has a white border (step S14). At the time of printing processing without a white border (NO in step S14), the printing paper P
Is cut (step S15). In the case of a printing process with a white border (YE in step S14).
S), the photographic paper P is rewound into the magazine 3 (step S16). The photographic paper P on which the printing process has been completed is conveyed to the developing unit 5 by the conveying unit 48 and the developing unit 5
The developing process is performed. The photographic paper after the development processing is discharged to a tray 61 of the photographic paper discharge section 6.

When the leading edge cutting process of the photographic paper P is designated (YES in step S1), the photographic paper drawn from the magazine 3 is loaded onto the transport section 43 in the same manner as in step S2 (step S17). Then, similarly to step S3, the loop of the photographic paper P is formed by the loop forming unit 435 (step S18). Further, as in step S6, the printing paper P is transported to the cutter unit 47 (step S19), and the leading end is cut by a predetermined length at right angles to the longitudinal direction (step S20). Thereafter, the process proceeds to step 11, where the same printing process as described above is performed.

Next, when the first printing processing unit 2 is selected by the selection key, the magnification is set by the magnification setting key, and the start switch is turned on, the negative image is exposed by the film image exposure unit 21. F is wound up frame by frame, and a film image is exposed on the printing processing unit 22. On the other hand, the printing paper P is sequentially pulled out from the printing paper reel 33 in the magazine 23a (or 23b) on the magazine mounting part 24, cut into a predetermined length by the cutter part 26, and conveyed to the printing processing part 22 in order. Is done.

At this time, drawing of the photographic paper P from the photographic paper reel 33 in the magazine 23a is performed in synchronization with winding of the negative film F in the film image exposure unit 21. Further, when the photographic paper P is pulled out from the photographic paper reel 33, both end portions of the photographic paper P pass while being rubbed by the betting cloth member 334, and the cloth member 334 causes the both end portions of the photographic paper P to pass through. Photographic paper P with the paper dust removed
Will be supplied.

Further, the photographic paper subjected to the printing processing in the printing processing section 22 is transported downstream by the transport belt 224, and is transported to the developing processing section 5 side by the horizontal transport unit, the oblique transport unit, the vertical transport unit, and the discharge unit. You. The photographic paper after the development processing is discharged to a tray 61 of the photographic paper discharge section 6.

As described above, since the cloth member 334 is disposed on the outer peripheral inner surface of each reel plate 333 at which both ends of the photographic paper abut at the time of photographic paper supply, the photographic paper roll 331 set on the core member 332 can be used. When the photographic paper P is pulled out, the both end portions of the drawn photographic paper P pass through the cloth range W of the cloth member 334 while being rubbed. Part of the paper dust is wiped off and removed, preventing paper dust from adhering to the surface of the photographic paper to be exposed and bringing dust such as paper dust into the printing unit. In addition, white portions and white lines due to non-exposure can be eliminated by adhesion of paper powder to the surface of the exposed portion, and printing can be performed with good print quality, and print loss can be suppressed.

Further, at least a pair of width regulating blocks 443 are provided on the transport path leading to the printing processing section, each of which passes in a state where both ends in the width direction of the photographic paper P are regulated in the width direction. Since the cloth member 454 as a paper dust removing member is attached to the entire inner surface of the U-shaped portion of the block 443, the paper dust on both sides of the photographic paper before reaching the printing processing section is removed by the cloth member 454. As a result, paper dust does not adhere to the surface of the photographic paper at the time of printing, and dust such as paper dust is not brought into the printing process,
Adhesion of paper powder to the photoreceptor material side and the surface of the exposed area eliminates white areas and white lines due to unexposed photoreceptor material, so that printing can be performed with good print quality and print loss can be suppressed. Can be.

Further, the printing / developing apparatus of the present invention uses the first printing unit 2 when printing only a picture image of a film, and prints a composite image of a picture image and a character image. In some cases, the second printing unit 4 can be selectively used, and it is possible to efficiently use a paper image as described above even in the case of only a picture image of a film or in the case of a composite image of a picture image and a character image. A high quality baking process that does not include powder can be performed. Further, the second printing unit 4 is disposed above the first printing unit 2, and the developing unit 5 is shared by the first and second printing units 2 and 4. Therefore, the size of the device can be reduced.

In the above-described embodiment, the pair of width regulating blocks 443 are moved toward and away from each other by an equal distance according to the width of the photographic paper P using a threaded rod 445 having a right-hand thread and a left-hand thread. Or the distance can be adjusted. Instead of such a method of moving the width of the photographic paper P,
It is also possible to adopt a method of moving the width of the photographic paper P by a rack and a pinion.

In the above embodiment, the image display unit 411 of the image transfer unit 41 constituting the second printing unit 4 is used.
Is composed of a FOCRT, and is capable of obtaining a high-definition image. However, the image display unit 411 may be configured using a PLZT element instead of the FOCRT. it can. This PL
In the case where a ZT element is used, the drive circuit section 412 and the image data output section 413 may be ones corresponding to PLZT. The PLZT element in this case refers to a shutter array made of a transparent ferroelectric ceramic material obtained by adding lanthanum to lead zirconate titanate and utilizing the electro-optic effect of the material.

Further, in the above embodiment, the loop forming section 43 is used when the photographic paper is printed in the second printing section 4.
The length of the photographic paper P conveyed from 5 to the stock unit 46 side is:
Although the length is required for the baking process, it is also possible to convey it slightly longer. Needless to say, various modifications can be made to the detailed configuration and operation of the printing and developing apparatus in the above embodiment.

[0094]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the paper dust removing member is disposed at least on the inner side surface of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photosensitive material contact when supplying the photosensitive material. Therefore, even if paper dust adheres to both sides of the photoconductor material, wipe the paper dust on both sides of the photoconductor material with a paper dust removing member such as cloth when pulling out the wound photoconductor material at the time of exposure. The paper dust can be removed from the photoreceptor material without deteriorating the working efficiency.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the paper dust removing member is provided at least on the inner side surface of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photosensitive material contact when supplying the photosensitive material, the photosensitive material before exposure is exposed. When the material is supplied, the paper dust on both sides of the photosensitive material is removed by a paper dust removing member such as a cloth, and the paper dust adheres to the surface of the photosensitive material to be exposed, and dust such as paper dust is brought into the printing unit. High-quality baking process that can prevent white areas and white lines due to unexposed photoreceptor material by adhering paper powder to the photoreceptor material side and exposed surface surface side And a print loss can be suppressed.

Further, according to the third aspect of the present invention, a width direction regulating member for regulating the width of the photosensitive material in the width direction is provided on the conveying path of the photosensitive material to the printing section. Since the paper dust removing member is disposed on at least a part of the inner surface of the width-direction regulating member to be in contact with, the paper dust on both side edges of the photosensitive material before reaching the printing section is removed by a paper dust removing member such as a cloth. It can be removed to prevent paper dust from adhering to the surface of the photoreceptor material during printing and to prevent dust such as paper dust from being brought into the printing processing unit. Adhesion of paper powder to the side can eliminate white portions and white lines due to unexposure of the photoreceptor material, so that high quality printing can be performed and print loss can be suppressed.

Further, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the paper dust removing member is provided on the photosensitive material reel and the widthwise regulating member for preventing meandering, the photosensitive material is supplied before exposure. Paper dust on both side edges of the photoreceptor material can be more reliably removed by a paper dust removing member such as cloth, so that a higher quality printing process can be performed and print loss can be further suppressed.

Further, according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to perform both a case where only the picture image of the film is printed and a case where the combined image of the picture image and the character image is printed. In any case, it is possible to perform the above-described high-quality baking processing that does not include paper dust and baking processing that causes less print loss without reducing the work efficiency of each baking processing.

Further, according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, if the FOCRT is used for the image display section, the surface of the exposed section of the FOCRT is easy to attract dust due to static electricity, and paper dust is applied to the photosensitive material reel and the width direction regulating member. Since the paper dust is not brought into the exposure unit surface of the printing processing unit because the removing member is provided,
The effect of the present invention of performing printing processing with good print quality and printing processing with small print loss becomes remarkable.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an external configuration of a printing and developing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first printing unit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second printing unit of FIG. 1;

4A is a top view when the photographic paper reel of FIG. 3 is set up, FIG. 4B is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 3A, and FIG. 4C is a bottom view of FIG.

5A is a schematic view of the reel structure of FIG. 4B,
(B) is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the reel structure of (a).

6 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a main part of a photographic paper width direction regulating member of FIG. 3;

7A is a cross-sectional view of a pair of width restriction blocks in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of a pair of width restriction blocks in another embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a partially broken state of a first development processing unit in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the printing and developing apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional photographic paper reel.

11 is a perspective view showing a state in which the photographic paper is pulled out from the photographic paper reel (omission of the core) of FIG. 10;

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 operation panel 2 first printing processing section 3, 23a, 23b photographic paper magazine 4 second printing processing section 5 development processing section 21 film image exposure section 22 printing processing section 33 photographic paper reel 331 photographic paper winding 332 core Member 333 reel plate 334, 454 cloth member 335 groove 336 outer peripheral plate 337 inner peripheral plate 339, 341 positioning fixing plate 41 image transfer unit 411 image display unit 414 display surface 441 width direction regulating member 443 width regulating block 444 arm member 448, 451 Belt 445, 452 Screw bar 446, 447, 450, 453 Pulley 449 Motor

Claims (6)

[Claims] A core member on which a photosensitive material can be set;
In a photosensitive material reel having a width regulating member that regulates the width of the photosensitive material set on the core member, at least an inner surface portion of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photosensitive material come into contact when the photosensitive material is supplied is paper. A photoreceptor material reel provided with a powder removing member. 2. A photographic processing apparatus for printing an image on a photoconductor material supplied from a photoconductor material reel to a printing processing unit, wherein the photoconductor material reel has a core on which the photoconductor material can be set. A member, a width regulating member for regulating the width of the photoconductor material set on the core member, and a paper dust disposed at least on an inner side surface of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photoconductor material come into contact when the photosensitive material is supplied. A photographic processing apparatus comprising a taking member. 3. A photographic processing apparatus for printing an image on a photosensitive material supplied to a printing processing unit, wherein the photosensitive material is regulated in a width direction on a conveying path of the photosensitive material to the printing processing unit. A photographic processing apparatus, wherein a width direction regulating member is provided, and a paper dust removing member is provided on at least a part of an inner surface of the width direction regulating member with which the photosensitive material contacts. 4. A photographic processing apparatus for printing an image on a photoconductor material supplied from a photoconductor material reel to a printing processing unit, wherein the photoconductor material reel has a core on which the photoconductor material can be set. A member, a width regulating member for regulating the width of the photoconductor material set on the core member, and a paper dust disposed at least on an inner side surface of the width regulating member at which both ends of the photoconductor material come into contact when the photosensitive material is supplied. A width direction regulating member for regulating the width of the photoconductor material in a conveying path of the photoconductor material leading to the printing unit, wherein the width direction regulating member contacts the photoconductor material. A paper dust removing member is provided on at least a part of the inner surface of the photographic processing device. 5. A printing unit, comprising: a first printing unit for printing a film image on photographic paper; and a second printing unit for printing an image displayed on an image display unit on photographic paper. The photographic processing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising: 6. An image display section of said printing processing section has a FOCRT (Fiber Optic Cathode-Ray-Tub) having a contact exposure section.
The photographic processing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising e).