JPH1149453A - Pneumatic elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pneumatic elevator which is satisfactory in comfortableness and does not impose a large burden on a blower. SOLUTION: A pneumatic elevator 3 elevating/lowering a gondola 31 by being provided with a bellows 32 which is provided at the lower part of the gondola 31 and is freely extensible in the vertical direction, a blower 33 putting and exhausting air into/from this bellows 32 and a piping 34 connecting this blower 33 and the bellows 32 and elongating and contracting the bellows 32 in the vertical direction by the blower 33 is provided with a control valve 36 regulating blowing amount from the blower 33 to the bellows 32 and a pressure regulating means 37 regulating pneumatics within the bellows 32, regardless of the opening and closing operations of this control valve 36, on the middle of the piping 34. Because the pneumatic elevator 3 is provided with the control valve 36, the speed of the gondola 31 can be gradually increased/decreased by regulating the control valve 36.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a bellows provided at a lower part of a gondola, which is vertically expandable and contractible, a blower for injecting and discharging air to and from the bellows, and a pipe connecting the blower and the bellows. The present invention relates to a pneumatic elevator in which a gondola is raised and lowered by injecting and discharging air from a blower to a bellows, and expanding and contracting the bellows up and down.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a small-sized elevator, there has been provided a bellows composed of an elastic bellows-shaped air bag provided at a lower part of a gondola, and air is injected into the bellows.
BACKGROUND ART A pneumatic elevator that raises and lowers a gondola by discharging is known. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the pneumatic elevator 5 includes a gondola 51 and a bellows 52 which is provided at a lower portion of the gondola 51 and is vertically expandable and contractible.
And a blower 5 for injecting and discharging air into the bellows 52
3, a pipe 54 for connecting the blower 53 and the bellows 52, and a stopper 55 provided on each floor for stopping the gondola 51.

According to such a pneumatic elevator 5, since the gondola 51 is supported and moved up and down by the expansion and contraction of the bellows 52, a large frame for supporting the gondola like a rope type elevator or a hydraulic cylinder type elevator is used. No special equipment such as a hydraulic pump is required, and the elevator can be installed with a very simple structure of the small blower 53 and the bellows 52, thereby reducing the installation space of the elevator and reducing the installation cost of the elevator. be able to.

In the pneumatic elevator 5 described above,
For example, when raising the gondola 51 from the first floor to the second floor, stopping the gondola 51 for a certain period of time, and then lowering the gondola 51 to the first floor, the correlation between the pressure inside the bellows 52 and time is as shown in FIG. The operation state of the blower 53 in the state described above is as follows, as described with reference to FIG. When the first floor is stopped, the blower 53 is in a stopped state. (FIG. 5
A). When the switch in the upward direction in the gondola 51 is pressed, the blower 53 operates. Accordingly, the pressure inside the bellows 52 increases, and the bellows 52 extends to raise the gondola 51. Note that when the switch in the upward direction is pressed,
The stopper 55 of the floor portion protrudes (B in FIG. 5).

[0005] The gondola 51 is a stopper 5 on the second floor.
5, when the gondola 51 is lifted,
The gondola 51 stops. At this time, since the blower 53 is in the operating state, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the pressure inside the bellows 52 shows a larger value than when the gondola 51 rises (C in FIG. 5). When the switch in the downward direction in the gondola 51 is pressed, the blower 53 stops, the air in the bellows 52 is exhausted from the intake / exhaust port of the blower 53 by the weight of the gondola 51, the pressure decreases, and the gondola 51 descends ( D) in FIG. When the gondola 51 arrives on the first floor, the air inside the bellows 52 is completely exhausted, and the gondola 51 stops (E in FIG. 5).

[0006]

However, in the pneumatic elevator 5 having such a structure, when the gondola 51 is stopped on an upper floor such as the second floor when ascending, the stopper 55 stops the gondola 51 as described above. Since the climb is forcibly restricted, there is a problem that the gondola 51 is not smoothly stopped, and the ride comfort is not good. Also,
When descending, the bellows 52 contracts due to the weight of the gondola as described above. However, since the pressure in the bellows 32 has increased more than necessary, as can be seen from FIG. There is a problem that a breathable bouncing phenomenon in which the gondola 31 vibrates up and down occurs and the ride comfort is not good. Further, at the time of stopping at the second floor or the like (C in FIG. 5), the movement of the gondola 51 is regulated by the stopper 55 while the blower 53 is in the operating state, so that the pressure in the bellows 52 rises more than necessary. However, there is a problem that a large load is imposed on the blower.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic elevator having a good ride comfort and without imposing a large burden on a blower.

[0008]

A pneumatic elevator according to the present invention comprises a bellows provided at the lower part of a gondola, which is vertically expandable and contractable, a blower for injecting and discharging air to and from the bellows, and connecting the blower and the bellows. A pipe that injects air from the blower into the bellows, discharges the bellows up and down, thereby raising and lowering the gondola,
In the middle of the pipe, a control valve for adjusting the amount of air blown from the blower to the bellows, and pressure adjusting means for adjusting the air pressure in the bellows regardless of the opening / closing operation of the control valve are provided. It is characterized by.

Here, the above-mentioned control valve may be a control valve that controls the open / close state according to a change in the pressure in the bellows, or a control valve that controls the open / close state according to a change in the vertical position and speed of the gondola. . In addition, the pressure adjusting means means, in short, means capable of sucking and discharging a small amount of air into and from the bellows even when the control valve is in a closed state. And a bypass pipe formed with a path that bypasses the control valve,
It is conceivable that the bellows and the blower communicate with each other through this bypass pipe, and the pressure inside the bellows is adjusted by the blower. Further, it is conceivable that the pressure adjusting means is provided inside the control valve, and the air flow is ensured even when the control valve is closed.

According to the present invention, it is possible to adjust the intake and discharge of air to and from the bellows by opening and closing the control valve. This makes it possible to perform smooth deceleration without deceleration, and to provide a pneumatic elevator with a comfortable ride. In addition, since the air flow is always ensured between the blower and the bellows by the pressure adjusting means, if it is used together with the control valve, the acceleration and deceleration of the gondola when ascending and descending can be smoothly performed, and the pneumatic elevator Can be made even more comfortable

When the pressure adjusting means has a bypass pipe, the blower can be used for adjusting the pressure in the bellows, and the structure of the pneumatic elevator can be simplified. . In addition, since it becomes possible to provide a throttle valve or the like in the bypass pipe constituting the pressure adjusting means, it is possible to perform appropriate pressure adjustment according to the discharge air amount of the blower, the length of the bellows, and the like. further,
When the above-described pressure adjusting means is provided inside the control valve, there is no need to provide a bypass pipe or the like that branches off in the middle of the pipe between the blower and the bellows, so that the structure of the pneumatic elevator is further simplified, and the member cost is reduced. Can be reduced.

In the above, it is preferable that an exhaust valve is provided between the above-mentioned control valve and the blower to open and close according to the pressure in a pipe connecting them. In other words, the exhaust valve makes it possible to adjust the pressure in the pipe so that it does not rise more than necessary. This makes it possible to prevent the above-mentioned bouncing phenomenon from occurring, and significantly improves the riding comfort of the pneumatic elevator. It is possible to do. Further, since the pressure in the pipe does not increase more than necessary, even if the gondola is stopped on the second floor or the like in the operation state of the blower, a large load is not applied to the blower.

Preferably, the opening and closing operation of the control valve is controlled by position detecting means for detecting the position of the gondola. In other words, since the open / close state of the control valve can be adjusted according to the vertical position of the gondola by the position detecting means, it is possible to further smoothly raise and lower the gondola, and the riding comfort of the pneumatic elevator is improved. . Further, it is preferable that the opening / closing operation of the control valve also uses pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure inside the bellows in addition to the above-described position detecting means. That is, since the opening and closing operation of the control valve is controlled while measuring the pressure state in the bellows supporting the gondola by the pressure detecting means, it is possible to always check the state of the bellows supporting the gondola. It is possible to further improve safety.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, descriptions of members or portions that are the same as or similar to those already described will be omitted or simplified. FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention. The pneumatic elevator 3 is installed in an elevator shaft 11 communicating with the first to third floors formed in a three-story building 1. Have been.

The pneumatic elevator 3 includes a gondola 31
, A bellows 32, a blower 33, a pipe 34, a stopper 35, a control valve 36, a pressure adjusting unit 37, an exhaust valve 38, a position detecting unit 39, and a pressure detecting unit 40. The gondola 31 is a gondola with a capacity of two, which is guided by vertically extending rails 41 provided in the elevator shaft 11 in the previous term and is movable up and down, and weighs about 400 kg when two people ride.
On the rear side, a projection 311 is provided to abut the stopper 35 to stop the gondola 31.

On the rear side of the gondola 31, a frame 111 is provided along the vertical direction of the elevator shaft 11, and a stopper 35 and a position detecting means 39 are provided on the frame 111. The stopper 35 is provided on each floor, and is fixed near the first floor of the frame 111.
A floor stopper 351 and two second-floor stoppers 3 supported near the second floor of the frame 111 so as to be able to advance and retreat in the horizontal direction.
52D and 352U, and a third-floor stopper 353 fixed near the third floor of the frame 111.

The position detecting means 39 includes ascending limit switches 391 and 392 used when the gondola 31 goes up to the second and third floors, and the gondola 31 from the third and second floors.
Lower limit switch 39 used when the robot descends
3, 394. Note that these limit switches 391 to 394 are connected to the frame 11 described above.
1, the detection part is fixed to the gondola 31 side. These limit switches 391 to 394 are connected to a control unit 361 of the control valve 36 described later by a wiring 395, and transmit an electric signal to the control unit 362 when the gondola 31 passes.

The bellows 32 is a bellows-shaped air bag having a cylindrical cross section which is vertically expandable and contractible.
It is interposed between the earth concrete 12 at one bottom and the gondola 31. At the bottom of the bellows 32, a base 321 for connecting to a pipe 34 for feeding air into the bellows 32 is provided, and is installed on the earth concrete 12. The bellows 32 has a cylindrical cross section having an outer diameter of 900 mm, a 25-stage bellows portion, and a maximum length of 4 m.
It can be extended up to.

The upper part of the bellows 32 is closed, and the upper outer end face is connected to the bottom of the gondola 31. At the bottom of the gondola 31, pressure detecting means 40 for detecting the internal pressure of the bellows 32 is provided. Pressure detecting means 40
Is connected to a control unit 362 of the control valve 36 to be described later by a wiring 323, and the pressure in the bellows 32 is controlled by the control unit 362.
It is transmitted to. The pressure detecting means 4
Reference numeral 0 denotes a small-sized pressure sensor having a capacitance type or strain gauge type pressure sensor chip in which electrode wiring is formed on a diaphragm made of silicon.

The blower 33 has a discharge port 33 for sending out air.
1, a fan 332 for feeding air to the discharge port 331, and an intake port 333 for taking in external air, and are installed outside the elevator shaft 11.
The blower 33 has a discharge air capacity of about 5 m ³ / mi.
n, having a discharge pressure of about 25 kPa,
Also functions as an exhaust port when the fan 332 is stopped. The pipe 34 is a base 321 of the bellows 32 described above.
Diameter 10 connecting between the air and the outlet 331 of the blower 33
In the middle of the pipe, a control valve 36 for adjusting the air flow rate of the pipe 34 is interposed, and a pressure adjusting means is provided to branch off from the pipe 34 and to bypass the control valve 36. 37 are arranged in parallel.

The control valve 36 includes a valve body 361 directly connected to the pipe 34, and a control unit 362 for adjusting the open / close state of the valve body 361. Although not shown in FIG. A motor for opening and closing the valve body 361 is built in the inside. The pressure adjusting unit 37 includes a bypass pipe 371 and a throttle valve 372 that adjusts an air flow rate by the bypass pipe 371.
The pipe 34 is made of a steel pipe having a diameter of 3 to 20% of a pipe diameter of 100 mm. Note that the throttle valve 372 is connected to the blower 33.
The throttle amount is set in advance according to the discharge air amount and the length of the bellows 32.

An exhaust valve 38 branched by a branch pipe 381 is provided between the control valve 36 and the blower 33 so that air in the pipe 34 can be discharged to the outside.
The exhaust valve 38 is connected to a pressure sensor 382 provided near the blower 33 of the pipe 34 via a control valve 36 and a wiring 38.
3 are electrically connected. That is, when the pressure value inside the pipe 34 detected by the pressure sensor 382 exceeds a certain value, the exhaust valve 38 is opened, and when the pressure value becomes less than the certain value, the ON / OFF valve is closed. The pressure value causing the opening / closing operation is set in advance. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the pneumatic elevator 3 is provided with a central control unit,
Based on an electric signal from an internal elevating switch and an elevating switch provided on the first and second floors of the building 1, control the forward / backward movement of the second-floor stoppers 352D and 352U, the operation of the blower 33, the opening and closing operation of the control valve 36, and the like. doing.

Next, the operation of each component of the pneumatic elevator 3 described with reference to FIG. 1 will be described with reference to a time chart shown in FIG. When the gondola 31 is stopped on the first floor of the building 1, the control valve 36 is open, the exhaust valve 38 is closed, and the blower 33 is stopped (A in FIG. 3 described later). When a person gets on the gondola 31 and presses the switch for the second floor, the blower 33 starts operating, air is blown into the bellows 32, and the gondola 31 rises inside the elevator shaft 11. When the switch for the second floor is pressed, the lower second floor stopper 352D is retracted so as not to hit the projection 311 of the gondola 31, and the upper second floor stopper 352U is moved to the projection 311.
(See B in FIG. 3 to be described later).
Gondola 31 by the ascending limit switch 391
Is detected, the control valve 36 gradually closes,
The rising speed of the gondola 31 is reduced, and the gondola 31 comes into contact with the stopper 352U and stops (see FIG. 3 described later).
Then B).

When the second floor of the gondola 31 is stopped, the blower 33 is in an operating state, and air is constantly fed into the bellows 32 via the bypass pipe 371 described above, and the number of passengers in the gondola 31 increases and decreases. The gondola 31 does not move up and down even if the error occurs. When the pressure value in the pipe 34 detected by the pressure sensor 382 exceeds the set value, the exhaust valve 38 is closed, and a part of the air blown from the blower 33 is When the pressure in the pipe 34 falls below the set value, the exhaust valve 38 is closed again. Since the pipe 34 and the bellows 32 are communicated with each other by the bypass pipe 371, the internal pressures of the two are always equal (C in FIG. 3 described later). When the gondola 31 that is stopped on the second floor is further raised to the third floor, when the lift switch is pressed, the upper second-floor stopper 352U first retreats and reaches the third floor by the same operation as described above. The operation of each device while the third floor is stopped is the same as described above.

When lowering the gondola 31 that is stopped on the third floor to the second floor, when the down switch in the gondola 31 is pressed, the blower 33 is stopped, the control valve is gradually opened, and the gondola 31 starts lowering. . When the down switch is pressed, the second floor stopper 352D protrudes. Gondola 3 by lowering limit switch 394
1 is detected, the control valve 36 gradually closes, the lowering speed of the gondola 31 is reduced, and the
Stops against the second floor stopper 352D.

After the second floor is stopped, the upper second-floor stopper 352U, which has been retracted, projects again, and the blower 3
3 is again in the operating state, the projection 311 of the gondola 31 slightly rises so as to abut the second floor stopper 352, and the lower second floor stopper 352D is retracted. This is to prevent the stopper 352D from becoming difficult to advance and retreat due to a change in the weight of the gondola 31 or the like. Although not shown in FIG. 2, during operation of the blower 33, the exhaust valve 38 appropriately opens and closes according to the pressure in the pipe 34 as described above (D in FIG. 3 described later). When lowering the gondola 31 that has been stopped on the second floor to the first floor, pressing the down switch stops the blower 33 and stops the stopper 35.
2U retreats and operates the gondola 3 in the same manner as described above.
1 arrives on the first floor, and after the landing is stopped, the control valve 36 is opened again (E in FIG. 3 described later).

In the pneumatic elevator as described above, the cycle when the gondola 31 goes up and down from the first floor to the second floor is shown in a graph of time-pressure in the bellows as in the conventional example, as shown in FIG. Bellows 3 when the second floor is stopped
It can be seen that the internal pressure of No. 2 does not rise as much as in FIG. 5 of the conventional example, and that the bounce phenomenon that occurs when the gondola 31 on the right side in FIG. 3 is initially lowered is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional example. I understand. In addition, it can be seen that the method of decreasing the pressure at the time of landing on the first floor is smoother than in the conventional example, and that the floor is smoothly landed on the first floor.

According to the above-described embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. That is, the gondola 31 and the bellows 3
Since the open / close state of the control valve 38 is adjusted in accordance with the state of No. 2, the stoppers 352U, 35
The gondola 31 does not suddenly decelerate due to 3 etc.
A pneumatic elevator 3 with a comfortable ride can be constructed. Further, since the air flow is always ensured between the blower 33 and the bellows 32 by the pressure adjusting means 37, the acceleration and deceleration of the gondola 31 can be smoothly performed when the gondola 31 is moved up and down by using the control valve 38 together. Thus, the riding comfort of the pneumatic elevator 3 can be further improved.
Further, since the pressure adjusting means 37 has the bypass pipe 371, the blower 33 can be used for adjusting the pressure in the bellows 32, and the structure of the pneumatic elevator 3 can be simplified.

Since a throttle valve 372 and the like can be provided in the bypass pipe 371 constituting the pressure adjusting means 37, appropriate pressure adjustment can be performed according to the amount of air discharged from the blower 33, the length of the bellows 32, and the like. Can be. Further, since the exhaust valve 38 can adjust the pressure in the bellows 32 and the pipe 34 so as not to increase more than necessary, it is possible to prevent the bouncing phenomenon as described in the conventional example, and to provide a pneumatic elevator. The ride comfort of No. 3 can be remarkably improved. Further, since the pressure in the pipe 34 does not rise more than necessary, even if the gondola 31 is stopped on the second floor or the like in the operation state of the blower 33, the blower 33
There is no great burden on the user.

Since the open / close state of the control valve 36 is adjusted by the limit switches 391 to 394 constituting the position detecting means 39 in accordance with the vertical position of the gondola 31, it is possible to further smoothly move the gondola 31 up and down. The ride comfort of the pneumatic elevator 3 is improved. Further, since the opening and closing operation of the control valve 38 is controlled while the pressure state in the bellows 32 supporting the gondola 31 is measured by the pressure detecting means 40, the state of the bellows 32 supporting the gondola 31 can be always checked. Thus, the safety of the pneumatic elevator 3 can be further improved.

Further, since the bellows 32 having a large cross section having an outer diameter of 900 mm is used, the gondola 31 can be quickly moved up and down without increasing the pressure inside the bellows 32 so much. And the pipe diameter 10 of the pipe 34
Since the bypass pipe has a diameter of 3 to 20% with respect to 0 mm, even if the control valve 36 is closed, the bellows 32
It is possible to secure the intake and discharge of air suitable for adjusting the internal pressure.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but includes the following modifications. That is, in the above-described embodiment, the pressure adjusting means 37
Was constituted by a bypass pipe 371 and a throttle valve 372 arranged in parallel with the control valve 36, but the invention is not limited to this.
A pressure adjusting means may be provided inside the control valve 36. In this case, the pressure adjusting means may set and control such that there is a slight flow of air, instead of setting the lower limit of the closing operation of the control valve to the fully closed state. With such a pressure adjusting means, in addition to the effects of the above-described embodiment, there is no need to provide a bypass pipe or the like that branches in the middle of the pipe between the blower and the bellows, so that the structure of the pneumatic elevator is further simplified. Thus, the member cost can be reduced.

Further, the control valve 36 in the above-described embodiment is used.
Is controlled by the position detecting means 39 of the gondola 31, but the present invention is not limited to this. The control of the control valve 36 may be performed by using speed detecting means for detecting the speed of the gondola 31. Further, the pipe 34 in the above-described embodiment has a diameter of 100 mm, but is not limited thereto.
mm. When the diameter of the pipe is small, the speed of raising and lowering the gondola is reduced, but the amount of air blown and exhausted per unit time is reduced, so that the size of the blower can be further reduced.

In the above embodiment, the stopper 3
5 is provided on the frame 111 in the elevator shaft 11 so as to protrude in the horizontal direction. However, the invention is not limited to this. A hole is provided in a side surface in the elevator shaft, and a stopper that can move forward and backward is provided on the rear side of the gondola 31, A structure in which the stopper and the hole are fitted may be adopted. With such a stopper, the stop mechanism of the gondola can be formed only by making a hole in the elevator shaft, so that the structure of the pneumatic elevator can be simplified. In addition, specific structures, shapes, and the like when the present invention is implemented may be other structures and the like as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.

[0035]

As described above, according to the pneumatic elevator of the present invention, the opening and closing operation of the control valve can adjust the amount of intake and exhaust of air to and from the bellows. It is possible to form a pneumatic elevator without imposing a large burden on the blower.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a pneumatic elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a time chart illustrating an operation state of each device in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a pressure change in a bellows in the embodiment described above.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional pneumatic elevator.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a pressure change in a bellows in a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3: pneumatic elevator 31: gondola 32: bellows 33: blower 34: piping 36: control valve 37: pressure regulating means 38: exhaust valve 39: position detecting means 40: pressure detecting means 371: bypass pipe

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kozo Goto 1-30-4 Higashimagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Nagano Keiki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shunichi Takeuchi 1-30-4 Higashimagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Nagano Keiki Inside the corporation

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A bellows provided at the lower part of a gondola, which is vertically expandable and contractible, a blower for injecting and discharging air to and from the bellows, and a pipe connecting the blower and the bellows, wherein air is supplied from the blower to the bellows. Injecting, discharging, expanding and contracting the bellows up and down, the pneumatic elevator to raise and lower the gondola, in the middle of the pipe, a control valve for adjusting the amount of air blown from the blower to the bellows, A pressure adjusting means for adjusting the air pressure in the bellows irrespective of the opening / closing operation of the control valve. 2. The pneumatic elevator according to claim 1, wherein said pressure adjusting means has a bypass pipe branched from said pipe and provided in parallel with said control valve. elevator. 3. The pneumatic elevator according to claim 1, wherein said pressure adjusting means is provided inside said control valve. 4. The pneumatic elevator according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust between the control valve and the blower is opened and closed according to a pressure in a pipe connecting the blower and the control valve. A pneumatic elevator, comprising a valve. 5. The pneumatic elevator according to claim 1, further comprising a position detecting means for detecting a position of the gondola, wherein a signal from the position detecting means is used to control the control valve. A pneumatic elevator wherein opening and closing operations are controlled. 6. The pneumatic elevator according to claim 5, further comprising pressure detecting means for detecting a pressure inside the bellows, wherein a signal from the pressure detecting means controls the opening / closing operation of the control valve. Features a pneumatic elevator.