JPH1141032A - Temperature controller for crystal oscillator - Google Patents
Temperature controller for crystal oscillatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1141032A JPH1141032A JP19732397A JP19732397A JPH1141032A JP H1141032 A JPH1141032 A JP H1141032A JP 19732397 A JP19732397 A JP 19732397A JP 19732397 A JP19732397 A JP 19732397A JP H1141032 A JPH1141032 A JP H1141032A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- crystal oscillator
- casing
- heater
- temperature sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は水晶発振子の温度制
御装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a temperature control device for a crystal oscillator.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】水晶振動子は、水晶の結晶から一定の方
位に切り出した板又は棒状の水晶片からなる圧電振動子
の一種であって、水晶の結晶の機械的な共振振動を圧電
現象を介して安定的な電気振動として取り出す電子部品
である。その共振現象は、水晶板の機械的な共振現象か
ら水晶板の圧電性を利用して電気的な共振現象として現
れるものである。2. Description of the Related Art A quartz oscillator is a kind of a piezoelectric oscillator made of a plate or a bar-shaped quartz piece cut out from a crystal of a crystal in a certain direction. It is an electronic component that is taken out as a stable electric vibration through. The resonance phenomenon appears as an electrical resonance phenomenon using the piezoelectricity of the quartz plate from the mechanical resonance phenomenon of the quartz plate.
【0003】この水晶振動子を共振回路に使用した水晶
発振子は、弾性共振を利用してきわめて正確に一定な周
波数の電気振動を発生させる。発振周波数は水晶振動子
の固有振動数に近く、1kHz〜100MHzのものを
製作することができる。このような水晶発振子(信号発
生回路)は、各種の通信用、放送用高周波の主発振器と
して、あらゆる電子回路で必ずといってよいほど使用さ
れている。水晶振動子が周波数の標準として広く用いら
れる理由は、周波数−温度特性がほかの電子部品に比べ
て優れているからである。このような発振回路で最も重
要な項目は、発振周波数の範囲と周波数変動精度であ
る。A crystal oscillator using this crystal oscillator in a resonance circuit generates electric vibration of a constant frequency with high accuracy by utilizing elastic resonance. The oscillation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the crystal unit, and a device having a frequency of 1 kHz to 100 MHz can be manufactured. Such a crystal oscillator (signal generation circuit) is used as a high-frequency main oscillator for various communications and broadcasting in almost all electronic circuits. The reason why the crystal oscillator is widely used as a frequency standard is that the frequency-temperature characteristics are superior to other electronic components. The most important items in such an oscillation circuit are the range of the oscillation frequency and the accuracy of the frequency fluctuation.
【0004】従来より、いくつかの温度補正技術も考え
られているが、使用周波数帯の幅に余裕があり使用温度
範囲も狭かった時代には、温度変化によって生ずる周波
数変動が数ppm程度の特性変化は無視しても、実用上
の支障がないものが大半であった。近年、移動体通信等
の使用が飛躍的に伸び、使用周波数帯の幅が狭くなり、
また機器類の使用温度範囲が広がったことにより水晶発
振子の周波数のズレ(変化)の許容幅が少くなってきて
いる。一方、携帯用電話器(PHS)等の急速な市場の
拡大により、水晶発振子の温度特性を補償する安価で確
実な技術が要求されている。Conventionally, several temperature correction techniques have been considered. However, in an era when the operating frequency band has a margin and the operating temperature range is narrow, the frequency fluctuation caused by a temperature change is about several ppm. Even if the changes were ignored, most of them had no practical problems. In recent years, the use of mobile communication and the like has increased dramatically, and the frequency band used has become narrower.
In addition, as the operating temperature range of the devices has expanded, the allowable range of the deviation (change) of the frequency of the crystal oscillator has been reduced. On the other hand, with the rapid expansion of the market for portable telephones (PHS) and the like, an inexpensive and reliable technique for compensating for the temperature characteristics of a crystal oscillator is required.
【0005】水晶発振子の周波数安定方法は基本的に水
晶発振子の温度特性を補正することにつきる。一般的
に、水晶の温度特性は図4に曲線31で示すように三次
曲線状をした特性を持ち、水晶の結晶軸方向の切断の方
向で温度特性の違いがあるが、この三次曲線状の温度特
性そのものをなくすることはできない。そこで、水晶発
振子の周波数の温度による変化を防止するには、次の手
段が用いられている。The method of stabilizing the frequency of a crystal oscillator basically involves correcting the temperature characteristics of the crystal oscillator. In general, the temperature characteristic of quartz has a cubic curve characteristic as shown by a curve 31 in FIG. 4, and there is a difference in the temperature characteristic in the cutting direction in the crystal axis direction of the crystal. Temperature characteristics themselves cannot be eliminated. Therefore, the following means is used to prevent the frequency of the crystal oscillator from changing due to the temperature.
【0006】(a)恒温槽(OVEN)を用いて水晶発
振子を一定温度に保つ技術。周波数の安定を特に求めら
れる送信機等の場合には、水晶発振子を約60℃の一定
温度に加熱した恒温槽に入れて温度を一定に保持し、温
度の変化による特性変化をゼロにする。この技術は、O
CXO(Oven Control CrystalO
scilator)と呼ばれている。このような技術は
例えば特開平7−50523号公報など種々開発されて
おり、高級な用途には理想的であるが、恒温槽の価格は
高級なものは数万円から十万円以上であり、非常に高価
であるという欠点がある。(A) A technique for keeping a crystal oscillator at a constant temperature using an oven (OVEN). In the case of a transmitter or the like that requires a particularly stable frequency, the crystal oscillator is placed in a constant temperature bath heated to a constant temperature of about 60 ° C., and the temperature is kept constant, and the characteristic change due to the temperature change is made zero. . This technology is
CXO (Oven Control CrystalO)
This is referred to as a “scilator”. Such a technology has been developed in various ways, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-50523, and is ideal for high-grade applications. Has the disadvantage of being very expensive.
【0007】(b)直列、並列共振回路を形成し、水晶
発振子の温度特性と逆傾向の補償回路を形成して温度に
よる周波数変化をキャンセルする技術。例えば図4に示
す曲線32のような、曲線31と逆特性を有する補償回
路を付加して、周波数変化を相殺しようとするものであ
る。これに対応して開発されたのがNTCサーミスタ
(又はコンデンサ)と抵抗を用いた補償回路網で、TC
XO(Temperature Compensate
Crystal Oscilator)回路と呼ばれ
ている。このTCXO回路の価格は数百円程度である。
TCXOを高級化した高価な製品では−10℃〜+60
℃における周波数変化率が1ppm以下の製品が市場に
出ているがコストパフォーマンスが充分ではない。(B) A technique of forming a series and parallel resonance circuit and forming a compensation circuit having a tendency opposite to the temperature characteristic of the crystal oscillator to cancel a frequency change due to temperature. For example, a compensation circuit having a characteristic opposite to that of the curve 31 such as a curve 32 shown in FIG. 4 is added to cancel the frequency change. In response to this, a compensation network using NTC thermistors (or capacitors) and resistors has been developed.
XO (Temperature Compensate)
It is called a “Crystal Oscillator” circuit. The price of this TCXO circuit is about several hundred yen.
-10 ° C to +60 for expensive products upgraded from TCXO
Products with a frequency change rate of 1 ppm or less at ° C. are on the market, but their cost performance is not sufficient.
【0008】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の水晶発振回路の
温度特性は、温度範囲が−10℃〜+60℃における周
波数変化率ppmが概ね表1に示すようなものである。The temperature characteristics of the conventional crystal oscillation circuit are such that the frequency change rate ppm in a temperature range of -10.degree. C. to + 60.degree. C. is substantially as shown in Table 1.
【0009】[0009]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0010】本発明は恒温槽などの高価な装置を用いる
ことなく、従来よりも温度による周波数数変動が少な
く、移動通信装置などに十分な信頼性を付与することが
できる、安価な水晶発振子の温度制御装置を提供するこ
とを目的とする。[0010] The present invention provides an inexpensive crystal oscillator which can provide sufficient reliability to a mobile communication device or the like without using an expensive device such as a thermostat and having less frequency variation due to temperature than before. It is an object of the present invention to provide a temperature control device.
【0011】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、水晶発振子の
温度による特性変動を防止する技術であり、基本的には
温度を一定にする技術に属する。その技術手段は、水晶
発振子のケーシング外壁に外嵌して密着する形状を有
し、外面に温度センサ及び電気ヒータを貼着した熱の良
導体の板体からなる温度調節部材と、水晶発振子の温度
設定値と前記温度センサの測定値との偏差を零にするよ
うに前記電気ヒータの加熱量を操作するヒータ制御装置
とから構成されていることを特徴とする水晶発振子の温
度制御装置である。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a technique for preventing a characteristic change of a crystal oscillator due to a temperature, and basically belongs to a technique for keeping a temperature constant. The technical means includes a temperature adjusting member having a shape which is fitted to and adheres to the outer wall of the casing of the crystal oscillator, a temperature sensor and an electric heater are adhered to the outer surface, and a temperature adjusting member comprising a plate of a good conductor of heat; A temperature control device for controlling the amount of heating of the electric heater so as to make the deviation between the temperature set value of the temperature sensor and the measurement value of the temperature sensor zero. It is.
【0012】本発明では水晶発振子のケーシングに密着
する簡易で安価な温度調節部材を用い、これに直接ヒー
タと温度センサを取り付け、水晶発振子のケーシングを
一定温度に保つことにより、恒温槽を使用せず、所望の
周波数精度と温度変化に対する安定性が得られた。温度
調節部材は、銅、アルミニウム又はこれらの合金等、熱
伝導率の大きい材料を用いる。鋼板、ステンレス鋼板を
用いても良い。この温度調節部材を水晶発振子のケーシ
ングの外面とほぼ等しい内面プロフィールを有するU字
形又は筒形のキャップに成形し、内面にシリコンオイル
等を塗布して水晶発振子のケーシングにかぶせることに
より容易に密着し、両者間にほとんど温度差を生じな
い。In the present invention, a simple and inexpensive temperature adjusting member that is in close contact with the crystal oscillator casing is used, and a heater and a temperature sensor are directly attached to the temperature adjusting member to maintain the temperature of the crystal oscillator casing at a constant temperature. Without use, desired frequency accuracy and stability against temperature changes were obtained. For the temperature adjusting member, a material having high thermal conductivity such as copper, aluminum, or an alloy thereof is used. A steel plate or a stainless steel plate may be used. This temperature adjusting member is easily formed by forming a U-shaped or cylindrical cap having an inner surface profile substantially equal to the outer surface of the crystal oscillator casing, applying silicon oil or the like to the inner surface, and covering the inner surface with the crystal oscillator casing. Adhered and hardly any temperature difference between them.
【0013】前記温度調節部材はその外面全体を密に覆
う断熱被覆を備えることによって、温度を一定に保つこ
とがさらに容易になり好ましい。さらに、本発明の推奨
発振子の温度制御装置は前記水晶発振子が基板上に形成
されている形式の基板では、スルーホールを備えた基板
よりも脚からの放熱の影響が少なく、周波数変動が小さ
くなるという効果がある。It is preferable that the temperature control member is provided with a heat insulating cover that covers the entire outer surface thereof in a dense manner, so that it is easier to keep the temperature constant. Furthermore, the temperature control device of the recommended oscillator according to the present invention has a less influence of heat radiation from legs than a substrate having a through-hole on a substrate of a type in which the crystal oscillator is formed on a substrate, and has a frequency fluctuation. This has the effect of being smaller.
【0014】また、水晶発振子の温度特性がオーブンコ
ントロール温度近傍で変曲点をもつ曲線を有する水晶発
振子が特に有効な効果を示す。A particularly effective effect is obtained when the temperature characteristic of the crystal oscillator has a curve having an inflection point near the oven control temperature.
【0015】[0015]
【発明の実施の形態】以下図面を参照して本発明の実施
の形態を説明する。図1は実施例のブロック図、図2は
実施例の断面図、図3は別の実施例の断面図である。本
発明の水晶発振子の温度制御装置は温度調節部材1とヒ
ータ制御装置6とから構成される。温度調節部材1は、
水晶発振子10のケーシングに外嵌密着するU字状又は
筒状のキャップのように形成された熱の良導体2と、そ
の外面に貼着された温度センサ3及び電気ヒータ5とか
ら成るものである。温度センサ3はエポキシ樹脂等を用
いて貼着する。温度センサ3としてサーミスタを用い、
電気ヒータ5にはパワートランジスタを用いた。電気ヒ
ータ5は同じくエポキシ樹脂等により貼着している。な
お、電気ヒータ5と温度センサ3を一体にして取りつけ
ることも可能である。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment. The temperature control device for a crystal oscillator according to the present invention includes a temperature control member 1 and a heater control device 6. The temperature control member 1
It is composed of a good heat conductor 2 formed like a U-shaped or cylindrical cap that fits and adheres to the casing of the crystal resonator 10, and a temperature sensor 3 and an electric heater 5 attached to the outer surface thereof. is there. The temperature sensor 3 is attached using an epoxy resin or the like. Using a thermistor as the temperature sensor 3,
A power transistor was used for the electric heater 5. The electric heater 5 is similarly adhered with an epoxy resin or the like. Note that the electric heater 5 and the temperature sensor 3 can be integrally mounted.
【0016】温度調節部材1は水晶発振子10のケーシ
ングに密着しており、両者は同一温度となっている。温
度センサ3の測定値は信号4としてヒータ制御装置6に
入力され、ヒータ制御装置6は温度設定値と温度センサ
3の測定値との偏差を零にするように電流7を供給し、
電気ヒータ5の加熱量を操作する。温度設定値は例えば
60℃に設定し、ヒータ制御装置6は電気ヒータ5の出
力を増減して温度調節部材1の温度を上記目標温度(設
定値60℃)に一致させる。このことにより、周辺環境
温度が変化しても水晶発振子10のケーシングの温度を
一定に保つ。水晶発振子10は内部が高真空となってお
り、ケーシングの外面温度を上記のように管理すること
によって十分な精度の特性保持を達成することができ
る。電源はヒータ制御装置6、発振回路20に電源入力
21、22を供給し、水晶発振子10は一定周波数の出
力23を発振回路20に与え、発振回路20は発信周波
数出力24を出力する。図1、図2に示す装置により水
晶発振子の温度を一定温度に保つことができ、精度の高
い出力24を得ることができる。The temperature adjusting member 1 is in close contact with the casing of the crystal oscillator 10, and both are at the same temperature. The measured value of the temperature sensor 3 is input to the heater control device 6 as a signal 4, and the heater control device 6 supplies a current 7 so as to make the deviation between the temperature set value and the measured value of the temperature sensor 3 zero,
The heating amount of the electric heater 5 is operated. The temperature set value is set to, for example, 60 ° C., and the heater control device 6 increases or decreases the output of the electric heater 5 so that the temperature of the temperature adjusting member 1 matches the target temperature (set value of 60 ° C.). As a result, the temperature of the casing of the crystal oscillator 10 is kept constant even when the ambient temperature changes. The inside of the crystal oscillator 10 is under a high vacuum, and by maintaining the outer surface temperature of the casing as described above, it is possible to achieve sufficient precision characteristic retention. The power supply supplies power inputs 21 and 22 to the heater control device 6 and the oscillating circuit 20, the crystal oscillator 10 supplies an output 23 of a constant frequency to the oscillating circuit 20, and the oscillating circuit 20 outputs an oscillation frequency output 24. 1 and 2, the temperature of the crystal oscillator can be maintained at a constant temperature, and a highly accurate output 24 can be obtained.
【0017】図3は別の実施例を示すもので、温度調節
部材1の外面全体を密に覆う断熱被覆8を備えているの
で、周囲の環境の影響(外乱)を受けることが少なく、
環境温度の変動を受けにくく、さらに精密に一定温度を
保つことが容易である。また、図2、図3とも、前記水
晶発振子10が片面実装基板11上に脚12を取りつけ
てあり、基板11の底面とは電気的に絶縁板で隔離され
ている。電気絶縁板は熱の絶縁性も大きく、スルーホー
ルを備えた基板に比べて脚12からの放熱の影響が少な
く、周波数のばらつきが小さくなり、効果が大きい。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which is provided with a heat insulating cover 8 which covers the entire outer surface of the temperature control member 1 closely, so that it is less affected by the surrounding environment (disturbance).
It is hardly affected by fluctuations in the environmental temperature, and it is easy to precisely maintain a constant temperature. 2 and 3, the crystal oscillator 10 has the legs 12 mounted on a single-sided mounting substrate 11 and is electrically isolated from the bottom surface of the substrate 11 by an insulating plate. The electric insulating plate has a large heat insulating property, is less affected by the heat radiation from the legs 12, has a smaller frequency variation, and is more effective than a substrate having a through hole.
【0018】次に本発明の実施例の具体例を挙げて、作
用効果をさらに説明する。試験用恒温槽内に実施例の水
晶発振子を入れて、試験用恒温槽の温度を−10℃〜+
60℃間に変化させて、実施例の水晶発振子の周波数変
化率(ppm/10MHz)を実測したところ、図5に
示す結果を得た。図5から明らかなように実施例では周
波数変化率が±0.2ppm以内であった。Next, the operation and effect will be further described with reference to specific examples of the embodiment of the present invention. The crystal oscillator of the example was placed in a test thermostat, and the temperature of the test thermostat was set to -10 ° C to +
When the temperature was changed between 60 ° C. and the frequency change rate (ppm / 10 MHz) of the crystal resonator of the example was actually measured, the result shown in FIG. 5 was obtained. As is clear from FIG. 5, the frequency change rate was within ± 0.2 ppm in the example.
【0019】[0019]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、ケーシング外壁に外嵌
密着する温度調節部材の外面に温度センサ及び電気ヒー
タを貼着した簡易で安価な構造により、−10℃〜+6
0℃の周波数変動を0.1〜0.2ppmまで向上させ
ることができ、移動体通信その他の周波数精度を満足す
る水晶発振子を得ることができる。According to the present invention, a simple and inexpensive structure in which a temperature sensor and an electric heater are adhered to the outer surface of a temperature adjusting member which is fitted to and adheres to the outer wall of the casing, has a temperature of -10.degree.
It is possible to improve the frequency fluctuation at 0 ° C. to 0.1 to 0.2 ppm, and to obtain a crystal oscillator that satisfies the frequency accuracy for mobile communication and other purposes.
【図1】実施例のブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment.
【図2】実施例の作動説明図である。FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory view of the embodiment.
【図3】実施例の温度制御装置の断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the temperature control device according to the embodiment.
【図4】水晶発振子の温度による周波数変化率の例を示
す模式的グラフである。FIG. 4 is a schematic graph showing an example of a frequency change rate according to a temperature of a crystal oscillator.
【図5】実施例の水晶発信子の温度による周波数変化率
の実測値を示すグラフである。FIG. 5 is a graph showing an actually measured value of a frequency change rate depending on the temperature of the crystal oscillator of the example.
1 温度調節部材 2 熱の良導体 3 温度センサ 4 信号 5 電気ヒータ 6 ヒータ制御装置 7 電流 8 断熱被覆 10 水晶発振子 11 基板 12 脚 20 発振回路 21、22 電源入力 23 (水晶発振子)出力 24 (発振周波数)出力 31 (温度特性)曲線 32 (補償)曲線 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Temperature control member 2 Good conductor of heat 3 Temperature sensor 4 Signal 5 Electric heater 6 Heater control device 7 Current 8 Insulation coating 10 Crystal oscillator 11 Substrate 12 Leg 20 Oscillation circuit 21 and 22 Power input 23 (Crystal oscillator) output 24 ( Oscillation frequency) output 31 (temperature characteristic) curve 32 (compensation) curve
Claims (3)
密着する形状を有し、外面に温度センサ及び電気ヒータ
を貼着した熱の良導体板体からなる温度調節部材と、水
晶発振子の温度設定値と前記温度センサの測定値との偏
差を零にするように前記電気ヒータの加熱量を操作する
ヒータ制御装置とからなることを特徴とする水晶発振子
の温度制御装置。1. A temperature adjusting member having a shape which is fitted to and adheres to an outer wall of a casing of a crystal oscillator, a temperature control member comprising a heat conductive plate having a temperature sensor and an electric heater adhered to an outer surface thereof, A temperature control device for a crystal oscillator, comprising: a heater control device that controls a heating amount of the electric heater so that a deviation between a temperature set value and a measurement value of the temperature sensor is set to zero.
覆う断熱被覆を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の
水晶発振子の温度制御装置。2. The temperature control device for a crystal oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control member includes a heat insulating coating that covers the entire outer surface of the temperature control member.
されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載
の水晶発振子の温度制御装置。3. The temperature control device for a crystal oscillator according to claim 1, wherein said crystal oscillator is mounted on a single-sided mounting board.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP19732397A JPH1141032A (en) | 1997-07-23 | 1997-07-23 | Temperature controller for crystal oscillator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP19732397A JPH1141032A (en) | 1997-07-23 | 1997-07-23 | Temperature controller for crystal oscillator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH1141032A true JPH1141032A (en) | 1999-02-12 |
Family
ID=16372556
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP19732397A Withdrawn JPH1141032A (en) | 1997-07-23 | 1997-07-23 | Temperature controller for crystal oscillator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPH1141032A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008060716A (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-13 | Nippon Dempa Kogyo Co Ltd | Oven-controlled crystal oscillator |
US8558629B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2013-10-15 | Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Temperature-controlled crystal oscillating unit and crystal oscillator |
US10084429B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2018-09-25 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Heating body, resonation device, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
US10103708B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2018-10-16 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Heating body, vibration device, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
-
1997
- 1997-07-23 JP JP19732397A patent/JPH1141032A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008060716A (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-13 | Nippon Dempa Kogyo Co Ltd | Oven-controlled crystal oscillator |
JP4641294B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2011-03-02 | 日本電波工業株式会社 | Thermostatic bath crystal oscillator |
US8558629B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2013-10-15 | Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Temperature-controlled crystal oscillating unit and crystal oscillator |
US10084429B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2018-09-25 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Heating body, resonation device, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
US10103708B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2018-10-16 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Heating body, vibration device, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20041005 |