JPH1138656A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having enhanced mechanical strength, high sensitivity and good resistance to circumstantial changes by using a compound superior in solubility, film-forming property and compatibility and forming a strong film. SOLUTION: This photoreceptor provided with plural layers contains in one of the layers at least one kind of fluorine compound, if necessary and at least one kind of compound represented by the formula, in which each of Ar1 -Ar4 is, independently, an aryl group, and Ar5 is an aryl or arylene group; X is a group of -Y-Si(R1 )(3-a) O(R2 )a ; R1 is an H atom or an alkyl or aryl group; R2 is an H atom or an alkyl or trialkylsilyl group; (a) is 1, 2, or 3; Y is a divalent group excluding the ones having an H atom linking directly to a hetero atom, for example, -CONH- and -NH-; and (k) is 0 or 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member using a novel compound.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Materials for forming a charge transport layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor include a charge transport polymer having a charge transport component in a main chain thereof such as polyvinyl carbazole (PVK) and a triarylamine. A low molecular weight dispersion in which a low molecular weight compound having an excellent charge transporting property is dispersed in a binder polymer is well known. Among them, the low molecular dispersion type has become mainstream in the electrophotographic photoreceptor since there is a variety of materials and it is easy to obtain high performance ones.

With respect to electrophotographic photoreceptors, in recent years, as organic photoreceptors have become more sophisticated, they have been used in high-speed copying machines and printers. When used for a printer, the current performance is not always sufficient, and further extension of the life is particularly desired. One of the important factors that determines the life of the organic photoreceptor is the wear of the surface layer. In the current organic photoreceptors, a so-called stacked type in which a charge transport layer is laminated on a charge generation layer is mainly used, and the charge transport layer is often a surface layer. In the current mainstream low-molecular-weight dispersed charge-transporting layer, performances with sufficiently satisfactory electrical properties are being obtained.However, since low-molecular-weight compounds are dispersed in a binder polymer, There is a drawback that the intrinsic mechanical performance of the polymer is reduced, and the abrasion is essentially weak.

[0004] In order to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks, many methods have been tried so far, and as one of them, research on polymerization of charge transport materials has been actively conducted.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,443 discloses a polycarbonate obtained by polymerization of a specific dihydroxyarylamine and bischloroformate, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,444 discloses a polycarbonate. Polycarbonates by polymerization of certain dihydroxyarylamines with phosgene are disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,517 discloses a polycarbonate obtained by polymerizing bishydroxyalkylarylamine with bischloroformate or phosgene. U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,165 and U.S. Pat. U.S. Pat. No. 4,959,288 discloses a polycarbonate obtained by polymerization of a specific dihydroxyarylamine or bishydroxyalkylarylamine with bischloroformate, or a specific dihydroxyarylamine or bishydroxyalkylarylamine. Polyesters by polymerization with bisacyl halides are disclosed. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,296 discloses a polycarbonate or polyester of an arylamine having a specific fluorene skeleton,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,983,482 discloses a polyurethane. Furthermore, Tokubiko Sho 59
No. 28903 discloses a polyester having a specific bisstyrylbisarylamine as a main chain. Also, JP-A-61-20953, JP-A-1-134456, JP-A-1-134457,
JP-A-1-134462, JP-A-4-13306
No. 5, JP-A-4-133066 and the like also propose a polymer having a pendant charge-transporting substituent such as hydrazone or triarylamine, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same. However, the above-described polymer charge transport materials are not sufficient in sensitivity, residual potential, and the like, and also have insufficient durability as an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Further, a method has been proposed in which a low molecular charge transporting material is dispersed in a binder polymer or a polymer precursor, and then the binder polymer or the polymer precursor is cured by reaction. For example, JP-A-56-48637 and JP-B-56-42863 disclose examples of using an acrylic polymer, which are disclosed in JP-B-5-47104, JP-B-60-22347 and JP-B-7-120051.
The publication discloses examples using a silicon-based polymer or a polymer precursor, respectively. However, in order to obtain sufficient characteristics as an electrophotographic photosensitive member, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the low-molecular charge transport material to 30 to 50%.
Since the curing reaction of the binder does not proceed sufficiently and the low-molecular charge transport material escapes from between the binder polymers and is worn away, the problem has not been solved.

In order to enhance the lubricity of the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 219049 and 62-205357 disclose examples of adding a silicone-containing polymer in JP-A-50-23231 and JP-A-61-116362.
JP-A-61-204633 and JP-A-61-204633.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-270768 discloses an example of adding a fluorine-containing polymer, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-65449 discloses an example of adding silicone polymer fine particles.
No. 4550 proposes examples of adding fine particles of a fluoropolymer, but all of them have poor compatibility with the charge transporting material or the binder polymer and cause layer separation in the photosensitive layer, resulting in an opaque film, The characteristics are deteriorated.

Further, there has been proposed a method in which strong resin fine particles are added to the photosensitive layer. For example, JP
JP-177349 discloses an example in which melamine resin fine particles are added, but this method also has poor compatibility with the charge transporting material or the binder polymer, causes layer separation in the photosensitive layer, and forms an opaque film. The electrical characteristics deteriorate.

Further, in order to protect the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, JP-A-56-38055 and JP-A-60-5
No. 5355 discloses an imide-based polymer disclosed in
JP-A-185347 and JP-A-61-217052 disclose melamine-based polymers and JP-A-59-466.
No. 52 discloses acrylic and melamine-based polymers,
"Proceedings of IS &T's El
event International Cong
Less on Advances in Non-I
mpact Printing Technology
es ", pp. 57-59 and JP-A-8-15886, a siloxane-based polymer obtained by a sol-gel method, and JP-A-7-333881, a plasma CVD method.
A method using an inorganic thin film according to the above as a surface protective layer has been proposed. However, many of the above surface protection layers have a drawback such as an increase in residual potential. "Proceeding
sof IS &T's Eventh Inter
national Congress on Adva
nces in Non-Impact Printi
The method using the sol-gel method described on pages 57 to 59 of "NG Technologies" has been shown to be advantageous in terms of residual potential, strength, and the like, but the specific structure of the compound used is not disclosed at all. Absent.

Further, as a method using the same sol-gel method, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-191358 proposes a method in which one of the above-mentioned materials of the sol-gel method has a charge transporting ability. The compound disclosed here is only a compound using a urethane bond, and the use of this compound certainly increases the strength as a charge transporting layer. However, a hetero bond which easily forms a hydrogen bond and easily adsorbs moisture in the atmosphere is used. Since it has hydrogen atoms directly bonded to atoms, it is susceptible to discharge products and moisture, and it is easy to cause image deletion when used repeatedly many times or under high temperature and high humidity, and obtains a stable image over a long period of time Is difficult. In recent years, a charge-transfer monomer having a carbon-carbon polymerizable double bond in a triphenylamine skeleton alone or added to a bander polymer and polymerized by light or heat to form a strong film. Although a method for forming the film is proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-72640, the crosslink density does not increase because there is only one polymerization site, and sufficient durability as an electrophotographic photosensitive member has not been obtained.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to use a compound having excellent solubility, film formability and compatibility, to form a strong film, to improve mechanical strength, to provide high sensitivity and environmental stability. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent properties.

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that in an electrophotographic photosensitive member formed of a plurality of layers, at least one of the plurality of layers is a specific silane. By containing a compound, it has been found that it is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in solubility and film forming property, and particularly when a silane compound having no hydrogen atom directly bonded to a hetero atom is used. It has been found that it is difficult to adsorb moisture in the atmosphere, and it is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is less affected by discharge products and humidity and has excellent environmental stability, leading to the completion of the present invention. Was.

That is, according to the present invention, in an electrophotographic photoreceptor formed of a plurality of layers, at least one of the plurality of layers contains at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I). It is characterized by.

[0013]

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In the formula, Ar _{1 to} Ar ₄ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar ₅ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an arylene group. X is
-Y-SiR 1 (3-a ) (OR 2) represents a substituent represented by _a, R ₁ represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ₂ represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, a tri It represents an alkylsilyl group, a represents an integer of 1 to 3, and Y represents a divalent group. However, Y does not include a divalent group having a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a hetero atom. k represents 0 or 1. Here, when k is 0, X bonds to any one or two of Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ and Ar ₅ , and when k is 1, Ar _{1 to} Ar ₅
Binds to any one of 1-4.

In another aspect of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, at least one compound represented by the general formula (I) is used.
It is characterized in that the layer containing at least one species further contains a fluorine-containing compound such as a fluorine-containing silane coupling agent.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail.

The silane compound of the present invention has the general formula (I)
It is represented by In the formula, Ar _{1 to} Ar ₄ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and specific examples include the following.

[0018]

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In the general formula (I), k represents 0 or 1, and Ar ₅ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or arylene group, and specific examples include the following.

[0020]

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Here, X is -Y-SiR _{1 (3-a)} (O
Shows the R _{2) a.} R ₁ is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
And R ₂ represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a trialkylsilyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Y represents a divalent group, preferably-(C
_{H 2) x -, - (} C x 'H 2x' -2) -, - (C
_{x " H2x" -4} )-, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, -C
One containing at least one kind of H = N-, -O- and -COO-, or -CH = NY'-, -CH = C
H-Y '-, - CH 2 CH 2 -Y'-, in are those represented, wherein Y' is _{- (CH 2) x -,} - (C x 'H
_{2x'-2) -, - (} C x "H 2x" -4) -, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, -CH = N -, - 2-valent containing O- and -COO- at least one more Represents a group. Where Y
Does not include a divalent group having a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a hetero atom, for example, -CONH-, -NH-, and the like. X is an integer of 1 to 15, and x ′ and x ″ are each an integer of 2 to 15.

Specific examples of Y include the following.

[0023]

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Among them, the following are particularly preferable.

[0025]

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One to four of the above Ar _{1 to} Ar ₅ are
X, that is, it is necessary to have a substituent represented by -Y-SiR _{1 (3-a)} (OR ₂ ) _a , and when k is 0, X is Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ , Ar ₅ , and when k is 1, it bonds to any one to four of Ar _{1 to} Ar ₅ .

Ar is selected from the following groups.

[0028]

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Further, Z 'is selected from the following.

[0030]

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Z is selected from the following.

[0032]

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Further, W is selected from the following groups.

[0034]

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R ₄ is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group substituted with an alkoxy group, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms. Further, R ₅ is selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom.
R ₆ is selected from hydrogen and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. m and s each represent 0 or 1, and t and a
Each represents an integer of 1 to 3, y and z each represent 1
Represents an integer of from 5 to 5. X represents an integer of 1 to 15,
x ′ and x ″ each represent an integer of 2 to 15. Furthermore, s ′ represents an integer of 0 to 3, t ′ represents an integer of 1 or 2, and q and r each represent an integer of 1 to 10. Show.

In addition, at least one of Ar _{1 to} Ar ₅
One having two or more conjugated aromatics is preferable because it is stable to photo-oxidation.

The following are more preferred as Ar ₅ .

[0038]

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Tables 1 to 13 show specific examples of the silane compound of the general formula (I). In the following table, the addition positions of X are shown in the columns of Ar _{1 to} Ar ₅ , and specific examples of X added there are shown in the column of X.

[0040]

[Table 1]

[0041]

[Table 2]

[0042]

[Table 3]

[0043]

[Table 4]

[0044]

[Table 5]

[0045]

[Table 6]

[0046]

[Table 7]

[0047]

[Table 8]

[0048]

[Table 9]

[0049]

[Table 10]

[0050]

[Table 11]

[0051]

[Table 12]

[0052]

[Table 13]

The above-mentioned silane compound may be used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer formed on a conductive substrate,
A charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are formed on the conductive substrate,
Further, application to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface protective layer formed on the outermost surface is possible. For example, an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the silane compound represented by the general formula (I) as a charge transporting material in a surface protective layer can be given. Also,
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least one of the charge transport layer and the surface protective layer containing a silane compound represented by the above general formula (I) as a charge transport material and a phthalocyanine compound crystal as a charge generation material in a charge generation layer. Are preferred. More preferably, the charge transport layer contains a known charge transport material such as a hydrazone compound or a stilbene compound as a charge transport material, the charge generation layer contains a phthalocyanine compound crystal as a charge generation material, and a surface protective layer. The above general formula (I)
And an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the above silane compound.

The fluorine-containing compound used in the present invention includes a fluorine-containing polymer, a fluorine-containing silane compound,
Various materials can be used, such as fluorine containing ethers. Among them, a fluorine-containing ester is preferred because it enhances the surface lubricity and also enhances the storage stability of the coating solution. Further, a fluorine-containing amine, a fluorine-containing carboxylic acid, or the like is preferable because it serves as a catalyst when forming a chemical bond between the compounds represented by the general formula (I) or another silane compound. Further, a fluorine-containing alcohol, a fluorine-containing olefin, and the like are more preferable because they can form a chemical bond with the compound represented by the general formula (I). Further, a fluorine-containing silane coupling agent is particularly preferable because it can form a stronger chemical bond with the compound represented by the general formula (I).

Hereinafter, specific examples of those fluorine-containing compounds will be described. As a fluorine-containing polymer, PTFE
(Tetrafluoroethylene resin), FEP (tetrafluoroethylene-6-fluoroethylene copolymer resin), PCTFE (trifluoroethylene chloride resin), PVF (vinyl fluoride resin),
PFA (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer resin), PVdF (vinylidene fluoride resin), ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer resin), ECTFE (ethylene-3-fluoroethylene chloride copolymer resin) And the like.

As the fluorine-containing silane compound, bis (pentafluorophenyl) dimethylsilane, bis (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2, -tetrahydrooctyl) tetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3-bis (3,3
3,3-trifluoropropyl) tetramethyldisilazane, dimethyldifluorosilane, diphenyldifluorosilane, methyltrifluorosilane, N-methyl-N-
Trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide and the like.

As the fluorine-containing ether, 2,2,2
-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, 1,1,
2,2-tetrafluoroethyl methyl ether, 2,
2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl methyl ether, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl difluoromethyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1,1,2,2 2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, 2,
2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl difluoromethyl ether, hexafluoroisopropyl methyl ether, hexafluoroisopropyl difluoromethyl ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl methyl ether, 2,2,3 3,3-pentafluoropropyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2
3,3,3-hexafluoropropylethyl ether,
2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl difluoromethyl ether and the like can be mentioned.

As the fluorine-containing ester, methyl perfluoropropionate, ethyl perfluoropropionate, methyl perfluorobutyrate, ethyl-5-
Hydroxyoctafluoroheptanoic acid, ethyl perfluorooctanoic acid, methyl perfluorooctanoate,
Ethyl perfluorooctanoate and the like can be mentioned.

As the fluorine-containing amine, 1,1-dihydro-heptafluorobutylamine, 1,1-dihydro-
Pentadecafluorobutylamine and the like can be mentioned.

The fluorine-containing carboxylic acids include trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropanoic acid, perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluoropentanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, Decanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid,
And the like.

As the fluorine-containing alcohol, 2,2,2
-Trifluoroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol,
2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol,
1,1,3-trihydrotetrafluoropentanol,
2-hydro-hexafluoro-2-propanol, 1,
1,3-trihydrohexafluorobutanol, 1,
1,5-trihydrotetrafluoropentanol, 2,
2-bis (trifluoromethyl) propanol, 2-
(Perfluorobutyl) ethanol, 2-perfluoropropoxy-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol, 3-perfluorobutyl-2-iodopropanol, 2- (perfluoro-3-methylbutyl) ethanol, 1, 1,7-trihydrododecafluoroheptanol, 6- (perfluoroethyl) hexanol, 1,1
-Dihydroheptafluorobutanol, 2- (perfluorohexyl) ethanol, 3- (perfluorohexyl) propanol, 3-perfluorohexyl-2-iodopropanol, 6- (perfluoro-1-methylethyl) hexanol, 2- (Perfluoro-5-methylhexyl) ethanol, 1,1,9 trihydrohexadecafluorononanol, 6- (perfluorobutyl) hexanol, 2- (perfluorooctyl) ethanol, 3- (perfluoro-5- Methylhexyl) -2-
Iodopropanol, 3- (perfluorooctyl) propanol, 3-perfluorooctyl-2-iodopropanol, 6- (perfluoro-3-methylbutyl)
Hexanol, 2- (perfluoro-7-methyloctyl) ethanol, 6- (perfluorohexyl) hexanol, 2- (perfluorodecyl) ethanol, 3-
(Perfluoro-7-methyloctyl) -2-iodopropanol, 6- (perfluoro-5-methylhexyl) hexanol, 2- (perfluoro-9-methyldecyl) ethanol, 6- (perfluorooctyl) hexanol, 6 -(Perfluoro-7-methyldecyl) ethanol and the like.

Examples of the fluorine-containing olefin include 1-methoxy- (perfluoro-2-methyl-1-propene), perfluorobutylethylene, perfluorohexylethylene, 1,4-divinyloctafluorobutane, perfluorooctylethylene, , 6-divinyldodecafluorohexane, perfluorodecylethylene, 1,8
-Divinyl hexadecafluorooctane, perfluorodecyl ethylene and the like.

As the fluorine-containing silane coupling material, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexylmethyldichlorosilane, 3,3,4,4,4
5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexyltrichlorosilane, pentafluoropropyltrichlorosilane, pentafluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) dimethylchlorosilane, Decafluoro-1,1,1
2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) methyldichlorosilane, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) trichlorosilane, (tridecafluoro-
(1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) trimethoxysilane, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) triethoxysilane, (3,3,3-
(Trifluoropropyl) dimethylchlorosilane, (3,
3,3-trifluoropropyl) methyldichlorosilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trichlorosilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxysilane, (heptadecafluoro-1,1,1 2,
2, -tetrahydrodecyl) dimethylchlorosilane,
(Heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2, -tetrahydrodecyl) trichlorosilane, (heptadecafluoro-
1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl) triethoxysilane, (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2, -tetrahydrodecyl) trimethoxysilane, (3-heptafluoroisopropoxy) propyltrichlorosilane,
(3-Heptafluoroisopropoxy) propyltriethoxysilane, triethoxyfluorosilane, 3-trifluoroacetoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and the like.

By using the compound represented by the above general formula (I) of the present invention and a fluorine-containing compound in an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrophotographic photoconductor having a strong and low surface energy surface layer and excellent durability. It is possible to make a photoreceptor. Any known materials can be used as the charge generation material and the charge transport material. Among them, including a phthalocyanine compound crystal as a charge generation material,
An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a compound represented by the general formula (I) alone or mixed with a known charge transporting material such as a hydrazone-based compound or a stilbene-based compound and a fluorine-containing compound in the photosensitive layer is sensitive and stable. It is preferable from the viewpoint of properties. Furthermore, as a charge generation material, a phthalocyanine compound crystal is included, and as a charge transport material in the photosensitive layer, a charge transport material such as a hydrazone compound or a stilbene compound is used together with a known binder such as polycarbonate or polyester. An electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a layer is formed and a protective layer containing the compound represented by formula (I) and a fluorine-containing compound is further formed on the charge transport layer.

In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the phthalocyanine crystal used in combination with the compound represented by the general formula (I) and the fluorine-containing compound includes halogens disclosed in JP-A-5-98181. Gallium phthalocyanine crystal, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-140
No. 472 and JP-A-5-140473, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal disclosed in JP-A-5-263007 and JP-A-5-279951, JP-A-4 Oxytitanium phthalocyanine hydrate crystals disclosed in JP-A-189873 and JP-A-5-43813 can be used, whereby an electrophotographic photoreceptor having particularly high sensitivity and excellent repetition stability can be obtained. be able to.

Next, the electrophotographic photosensitive member will be described.
The electrophotographic photoreceptor may have any structure such as a single-layer structure, a laminated structure including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, and a structure in which a surface protective layer is provided thereon. The compound represented by the general formula (I) and the fluorine-containing compound may be contained in any of these layers, but is most effective when contained in the outermost surface layer.

Examples of the conductive support serving as a base material on which the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are formed include metals such as aluminum, nickel, chromium, and stainless steel; and aluminum, titanium, nickel, chromium, and the like. Stainless steel, gold, vanadium, tin oxide, indium oxide,
Examples include a plastic film provided with a thin film of ITO or the like, paper coated with or impregnated with a conductivity-imparting agent, and a plastic film. These conductive supports are used in an appropriate shape such as a drum shape, a sheet shape, and a plate shape, but are not limited thereto. Further, if necessary, the surface of the conductive support can be subjected to various treatments within a range that does not affect the image quality. For example, surface oxidation treatment, chemical treatment, coloring treatment, or irregular reflection treatment such as graining can be performed. Further, an undercoat layer may be further provided between the conductive support and the charge generation layer. The undercoat layer prevents the injection of electric charge from the conductive support to the photosensitive layer when the photosensitive layer having the laminated structure is charged, and also bonds the photosensitive layer integrally to the conductive support. It acts as a layer or, in some cases, acts as an anti-reflection of light on the conductive support.

The binder polymer used for the undercoat layer is polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyamide resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenol resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polyimide resin, vinylidene chloride. Resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, vinyl chloride
Vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol resin, water-soluble polyester resin, nitrocellulose, casein, gelatin, polyglutamic acid, starch, starch acetate, amino starch, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, zirconium chelate compound, titanium chelate compound, titanium alkoxide Known materials such as compounds, organic titanium compounds, and silane coupling agents can be used. The thickness of the undercoat layer is 0.01 to 10
μm, preferably 0.05 to 2 μm, is suitable. Further, as an application method for providing the undercoat layer, use a normal method such as a blade coating method, a wire bar coating method, a spray coating method, a dip coating method, a bead coating method, an air knife coating method, a curtain coating method, or the like. Can be.

In the case of a laminated structure, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are formed on the undercoat layer.

First, the charge generation layer will be described. The charge generation layer is formed by dispersing a charge generation material in a suitable binder polymer (binder resin). Examples of the charge generation material contained in the charge generation layer include the following phthalocyanine crystals, bisazo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and squarylium. Any known charge generating materials such as pigments, perylene pigments, dibromoanthanthrone and the like can be used.
Among them, phthalocyanine crystals are preferably used.

The phthalocyanine crystal preferably used as the charge generating material includes a gallium phthalocyanine halide crystal disclosed in JP-A-5-98181.
JP-A-5-140472 and JP-A-5-1404
No. 73, a halogenated tin phthalocyanine crystal disclosed in JP-A-5-263007 and JP-A-5-263007.
Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal disclosed in JP-A-279591 and oxytitanium phthalocyanine hydrate crystal disclosed in JP-A-4-189873 and JP-A-5-43813. Thus, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent repetition stability can be obtained.

Examples of the gallium phthalocyanine halide crystals usable in the present invention include chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals. The chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals can be prepared by a known method as disclosed in JP-A-5-98181. Chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal produced in automatic mortar, planetary mill, vibration mill,
It can be produced by mechanical dry pulverization with a CF mill, roller mill, sand mill, kneader or the like, or by wet pulverization using a ball mill, mortar, sand mill, kneader or the like together with a solvent after the dry pulverization. Solvents usable in the above treatment include aromatics such as toluene and chlorobenzene; amides such as dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol; Aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, glycerin and polyethylene glycol; aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol; esters such as acetate and butyl acetate; acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; Ketones; dimethyl sulfoxide; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran;
Mixtures of these; mixtures of water with these organic solvents. The solvent is chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal 1
1 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight,
Used in the range of 100 parts by weight. The processing temperature is 0 °
C to the boiling point of the solvent or lower, preferably 10 to 60 ° C. Further, at the time of pulverization, a grinding aid such as salt and sodium sulfate can be used. The grinding aid is 0.5 to 20 times the weight of chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals, preferably 1 to 1 times.
It can be used at 0 times.

Examples of the tin phthalocyanine halide crystals usable in the present invention include dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystals. The dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystals are disclosed in JP-A-5-140472 and JP-A-5-14.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 0473, a dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal produced by a known method can be obtained by pulverizing and treating with a solvent in the same manner as the above-mentioned chlorogallium phthalocyanine.

The hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal usable in the present invention is, as disclosed in JP-A-5-263007 and JP-A-5-279591, a chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal produced by a known method. Performing hydrolysis or acid pasting in an acid or alkaline solution to synthesize hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals, and then directly performing a solvent treatment, or ball milling the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals obtained by the synthesis together with a solvent, It can be produced by performing wet pulverization using a mortar, sand mill, kneader, or the like, or performing dry pulverization without using a solvent followed by solvent treatment. As a solvent that can be used in the above treatment, a solvent that can be used in the wet pulverization treatment in the production of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal can be used. The solvent was used in an amount of 1 part by weight of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal.
It is used in an amount of from 200 to 200 parts by weight, preferably from 10 to 100 parts by weight. The processing temperature is 0 to 150 ° C, preferably room temperature to 100 ° C. Further, at the time of pulverization, a grinding aid such as salt and sodium sulfate can be used. The grinding aid can be used in an amount of 0.5 to 20 times, preferably 1 to 10 times the weight of the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal.

The oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal usable in the present invention is disclosed in JP-A-4-189873 and JP-A-5-43813.
The oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal produced by a known method is subjected to acid pasting or salt milling together with an inorganic salt using a ball mill, a mortar, a sand mill, a kneader or the like, to obtain an X-ray diffraction spectrum of 27.2 °. The oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal having a relatively low crystallinity and having a peak is produced directly by solvent treatment or by wet grinding using a ball mill, mortar, sand mill, kneader, or the like with a solvent. can do. As an acid usable for acid pasting, sulfuric acid is preferable, and a sulfuric acid having a concentration of 70 to 100%, preferably 95 to 100% is used. The dissolution temperature is −20 to 100 ° C., preferably 0 to 60 °. C. The amount of concentrated sulfuric acid used is from 1 to 100% by weight of the oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal.
Times, preferably 3 to 50 times. As a solvent that can be used in acid patting, water, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent is used in an arbitrary amount, and a mixture of water and an alcoholic solvent such as methanol or ethanol, or water. A mixed solvent with an aromatic solvent such as benzene, toluene and toluene is particularly preferred. The temperature for the precipitation is not particularly limited, but is preferably cooled with ice or the like in order to prevent heat generation. The mixing ratio (weight ratio) between the oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal and the inorganic salt is from 1 / 0.1 to 1 / 0.1.
20, preferably 1 / 0.5 to 1/5. Solvents used in the above solvent treatment include aromatics such as toluene and chlorobenzene; aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol;
Halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and trichloroethane; mixtures thereof; mixtures of water with these organic solvents, and the like. The solvent used in the solvent treatment is used in a range of 1 to 100 times, preferably 5 to 50 times the weight of the oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal. The processing temperature is from room temperature to 100 ° C, preferably 50 to 100 ° C. In addition, salt,
Grinding aids such as silica glass may also be used. The grinding aid is 0.5-0.5% by weight of the oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal.
It can be used 20 times, preferably 1 to 10 times.

The binder polymer used in the charge generation layer can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins.
Further, it can be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, polyvinylpyrene, and polysilane. Preferred binder polymers include polyvinyl butyral resin, polyarylate resin (polycondensate of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, phenoxy resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide resin, acrylic resin, Insulating resins such as polyacrylamide resin, polyvinylpyridine resin, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol resin, and polyvinylpyrrolidone resin can be used, but are not limited thereto. Even if these binder polymers are used alone,
You may mix and use 2 or more types.

The compounding ratio (weight ratio) of the charge generating material to the binder polymer is preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10. As a method for dispersing the charge generating material in the binder polymer, a usual method such as a ball mill dispersion method, an attritor dispersion method, and a sand mill dispersion method can be used.

Further, at the time of this dispersion, the particle size is
It is effective to make the thickness 0.5 μm or less, preferably 0.3 μm or less, and more preferably 0.15 μm or less. In addition, as a solvent used for these dispersions, methanol,
Ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, toluene, etc. Ordinary organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The charge generation layer may be formed on the charge transport layer, or may be formed between the undercoat layer and the charge transport layer.

For the charge transport layer, the silane compound represented by the general formula (I) may be used alone, or a fluorine-containing compound may be used in combination. In addition, a material compatible with the silane compound and a fluorine-containing compound optionally used may be used together with the silane compound. For example, the material may be used by being dispersed in a known binder polymer. Further, it may be used after being cured. Further, a silane compound (/ fluorine-containing compound) represented by the general formula (I), a hydrazone-based charge transport material, a triarylamine-based charge transport material or a stilbene-based charge transport material, and a charge transportable polymer are mixed. It may be used, or it may be used after being cured.

Further, instead of the silane compound represented by the general formula (I), a hydrazone-based charge transporting material, a triarylamine-based charge transporting material or a stilbene-based charge transporting material is mixed with a charge transporting polymer. And may be used after being cured.

Examples of the binder polymer used for the charge transport layer include polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and styrene-butadiene copolymer. , Vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer, silicone resin, silicon
Alkyd resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin,
Insulating resin such as styrene-alkyd resin, poly-N-
Conductive resins such as vinyl carbazole and polysilane can be used, but are not limited thereto. Among these binder polymers, polycarbonate resins represented by the following structural formulas (II) to (VI) or polycarbonate resins obtained by copolymerizing them are more preferable in terms of compatibility, film formability, and the like.

[0083]

Embedded image

In the above structural formula, n represents the degree of polymerization, and specifically represents an integer of 50 to 3000. The mixing ratio (weight ratio) when the silane compound represented by the general formula (I) is mixed with another charge transporting material is 100/1 to 1/10.
0, preferably 90/10 to 10/90, and more preferably 60/40 to 40/60. Furthermore, when these are mixed with a binder polymer, the blending ratio (weight ratio) of the sum of the silane compound represented by the general formula (I) and other charge transporting materials to the binder resin is 100/1 to 1 /
100, preferably 80/20 to 50/50.

In addition to the charge transporting material and the binder polymer, an additive compatible with the silane compound or the fluorine-containing compound may be added.

When the curing reaction is carried out, it may be carried out without a catalyst, or an appropriate catalyst may be used. Examples of the catalyst used in the curing reaction include the following. Acid catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid; bases such as ammonia and triethylamine; organic tin compounds such as dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dioctoate and stannous octoate; tetra-n-butyl titanate , Organic titanium compounds such as tetraisopropyl titanate, iron salts of organic carboxylic acids, manganese salts, cobalt salts, zinc salts,
Zirconium salts and the like can be mentioned.

Further, among the compounds used in the present invention, bone
The curing reaction of those with carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
In addition, H as a catalyst_TwoPtCl₆・ 6H_TwoO, RhC
l (PPh_Three)_Three, IrCl (CO) (PPh_Three)_Two,
Co_Two(CO)₈, Pt (C _TwoH_Four) (PPh_Three)_Two,
[Pt (C_TwoH_Four) Cl_Two]_TwoKnown hydrosilyl
Catalyst alone or as a mixture with the above catalyst.
Can also be. The temperature and humidity during the curing reaction are particularly
There is no limit, but it should be set at room temperature to 150 ° C and 40 to 100%.
It is desirable to specify.

Examples of the method of applying the charge transport layer include ordinary methods such as blade coating, wire bar coating, spray coating, dip coating, bead coating, air knife coating, and curtain coating. Can be used.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 50 μm,
Preferably it is 10 to 30 μm. When a protective layer is further formed on a charge transport layer comprising a usual charge transport material and a binder, the compound represented by the general formula (I) and the fluorine-containing compound of the present invention can be used after being cured. . In this case, the charge transporting layer is formed of the charge transporting material and the binder in a weight ratio of 10/90 to 70/30, preferably 20/80 to 60/40. Further, the protective layer may be, if necessary, a coupling material such as an aluminum-based coupling material, a silane-based coupling material, a titanate-based coupling material, or fine particles such as colloidal silica, or the above-described charge transport layer or charge generation layer. A common binder resin used for the above-mentioned method and a commercially available hard coat material may be mixed. When the compound represented by the general formula (I) and the fluorine-containing compound of the present invention are mixed with other materials and used, the weight ratio is 100/1 to 1/100, preferably 90/10 to 10/100. / 90, more preferably 70/3
Used in the range of 0 to 20/80.

The coupling agents usable in the surface protective layer include acetoxyaluminum diisopropylate, acetoethoxyaluminum diisopropylate, and the like.
Aluminum-based coupling materials such as acetopropoxyaluminum diisopropylate; titanate-based coupling materials such as titanium n-butoxide and titanium ethoxide; vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and γ-glycidoxypropyl Methyldiethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N Various coupling materials such as silane coupling materials such as -β (aminoethyl) γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane and the like are used. be able to. Commercially available hard coat materials include KP-85 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone), CR-39 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone), and X-12-
2208 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.), X-40-9740
(Shin-Etsu Silicone), X-41-1007 (Shin-Etsu Silicone), KNS-5300 (Shin-Etsu Silicone), X-40-2239 (Shin-Etsu Silicone), A
Hard coat materials such as Y42-440 (Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd.), AY42-441 (Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd.), and AY49-208 (Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd.) can be used.

The solvent used for forming the protective layer is preferably a solvent which dissolves the material for forming the protective layer and does not interfere with the lower charge transporting layer. For example, alcohols such as ethanol and butanolcyclohexanol, diethyl ether, Ethers such as dibutyl ether, xylene, p-
Aromatic solvents such as cymene and cellosolves such as methylcellosolve and ethylcellosolve are mentioned, and dibutyl ether is particularly preferable because a strong and uniform film can be obtained.

The curing reaction of the protective layer can be carried out in the same manner as in the case of curing the charge transport layer.

The thickness of the protective layer is 0.1 to 10 μm,
Preferably 0.5 to 7 μm, more preferably 1 to 5 μm
Used in Application methods for providing this protective layer include blade coating, Meyer bar coating, spray coating, dip coating,
Bead coating method, air knife coating method,
An ordinary method such as a curtain coating method can be used.

When the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a single-layer structure, the compound represented by the general formula (I), the fluorine-containing compound and the charge generating material are mixed and used in a desired ratio. If necessary, the above-mentioned known charge transporting materials, known binders, coupling agents, antioxidants, curing catalysts and the like can be mixed and used. The materials to be added are also compounds represented by the general formula (I) and A substance that can bond to a fluorine compound is preferable, and a substance that forms a -O-Si-O- bond is particularly preferable because a strong film can be obtained.

The compound represented by the general formula (I): the fluorine-containing compound is used in a ratio of 99: 1 to 40:60, preferably 95: 5 to 50:50, more preferably 90:50.
Used at 10 to 40:60. When other materials are mixed, the ratio of the compound represented by the general formula (I), the fluorine-containing compound and the charge generation material: the other material is 9
9: 1 to 40:60, preferably 95: 5
45:55, more preferably 90:10 to 50:50
Used in

The thickness of the film is 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 50 μm.
４０40 μm is appropriate. Furthermore, as a coating method of this single-layer electrophotographic photoreceptor, a blade coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, a spray coating method,
Conventional methods such as a dip coating method, a bead coating method, an air knife coating method, and a curtain coating method can be used. As a solvent used for coating, a normal solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, chlorobenzene, toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, cyclohexanone or the like can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

Further, the above layer can be cured by means such as heating and humidity control. In this case, the fluorine-containing compound used is preferably a fluorine-containing silane compound, a fluorine-containing alcohol, a fluorine-containing olefin, or the like, and particularly preferably a fluorine-containing silane compound. Further, as the binder, those capable of forming an -O-Si-O- bond by a chemical reaction are particularly preferable.

[0098]

The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples.

Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of Silane Compound (1) 25 g of 3-iodopropyltrimethoxysilane was placed in a two-necked flask purged with nitrogen and dissolved in 200 ml of toluene. Then, 27 g of triphenylphosphine was added. Thereafter, the mixture was heated and refluxed for 7 hours while stirring, and the precipitated crystals were washed well with toluene and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 36.5 g of white crystals of a phosphonium salt. The melting point of the resulting phosphonium salt is 102.0-102.5 ° C.
Met.

15 g of a phosphonium salt was placed in a two-necked flask purged with nitrogen, and 300 ml of anhydrous dimethylformamide was added.
Was dissolved. Next, the reaction system was cooled to -5 ° C, 1.05 g of sodium hydride was added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Then, while stirring, N- (4-formylphenyl)-
5.1 g of N- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-4-amine was added, and the temperature was gradually raised to room temperature, followed by stirring for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, 10 ml of methanol was added,
Further, the reaction mixture was poured into 3 liters of ice water, extracted with toluene, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Then, the residue was purified with a silica gel column (solvent: toluene) to obtain 6 g of a pale yellow oily silane compound (1). FIG. 1 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of Silane Compound (12) 15.9 g of the phosphonium salt synthesized in Example 1 was placed in a nitrogen-substituted two-necked flask and dissolved in 300 ml of anhydrous dimethylformamide. Then, the reaction system was cooled to -5 ° C, 1.5 g of sodium hydride was added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Thereafter, with stirring, 3,3′-dimethyl-
N, N'-bis (4-formylphenyl) -N, N'-
Bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (6.0 g) was added, and the temperature was gradually raised to room temperature, followed by stirring for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, 30 ml of methanol was added, and the reaction mixture was further poured into 3 liters of ice water, extracted with toluene, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Then, column purification was carried out on silica gel (solvent: toluene) to give a pale yellow oily silane compound. (12) 6.9 g was obtained. FIG. 2 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

(Synthesis Example 3) -Synthesis of silane compound (4)-N- (4-formylphenyl) -N- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-
10 g of 4-amine was added and dissolved in 100 ml of toluene. Next, 1 g of molecular sieve 4A and 0.5 g of paratoluenesulfonic acid were added. Thereafter, while stirring, 13 g of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was added to 1 g of the mixture.
After dropping over 0 minutes and stirring at room temperature for 5 hours, 200 m
The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 13.2 g of a pale yellow oily silane compound (4). FIG. 3 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

(Synthesis Example 4) -Synthesis of silane compound (5)-N- (4-formylphenyl) -N- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl was placed in a nitrogen-substituted two-necked flask.
10 g of 4-amine was added and dissolved in 100 ml of toluene. Next, 1 g of molecular sieve 4A and 0.5 g of paratoluenesulfonic acid were added. Thereafter, while stirring, 13 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to 1 g of the mixture.
After dropping over 0 minutes and stirring at room temperature for 5 hours, 200 m
The mixture was poured into 1 l of water and extracted with toluene. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 13 g of a pale yellow oily silane compound (5). FIG. 4 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

(Synthesis Example 5) -Synthesis of silane compound (15)-3,3'-Dimethyl-N,
10 g of N'-bis (4-formylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine was added, and 100 m of toluene was added.
l. Then, molecular sieve 4A1g
And 1 g of paratoluenesulfonic acid. Thereafter, while stirring, 12 g of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
Was added dropwise over 10 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours.
The mixture was poured into 0 ml of water and extracted with toluene. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 11 g of a pale yellow oily silane compound (15). FIG. 5 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

(Synthesis Example 6) -Synthesis of silane compound (16)-3,3'-Dimethyl-N,
10 g of N'-bis (4-formylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine was added, and 100 m of toluene was added.
l. Then, molecular sieve 4A1g
And 1 g of paratoluenesulfonic acid. Thereafter, while stirring, 15 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Was added dropwise over 10 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours.
The mixture was poured into 0 ml of water and extracted with toluene. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 12 g of a pale yellow oily silane compound (16). FIG. 6 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

(Synthesis Example 7) -Synthesis of silane compound (6)-6 g of the silane compound (1) produced in Synthesis Example 1 was placed in an eggplant-shaped flask and dissolved in a mixture of 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 20 ml of ethanol. Then 5%
0.1 g of Pd-C was added, the atmosphere was replaced with dry hydrogen, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 15 hours while the mouth of the flask was connected to a dry hydrogen supply source. After completion of the reaction, Pd-C was filtered, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column on silica gel (solvent: toluene) to give a pale yellow oily silane compound (6) 4.2.
g was obtained. FIG. 7 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

(Synthesis Example 8) -Synthesis of Silane Compound (17)-The silane compound (1
2) 6.3 g was added and dissolved in a mixture of 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 20 ml of ethanol. Then 5
% Pd-C (0.2 g) was added, the atmosphere was replaced with dry hydrogen, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 15 hours with the mouth of the flask connected to a dry hydrogen supply source. After completion of the reaction, Pd-C was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
Hexane / ethyl acetate = 1/1) to obtain 5.9 g of a pale yellow oily silane compound (17). FIG. 8 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

(Synthesis Example 9) -Synthesis of chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal- 30 parts by weight of 1,3-diiminoisoindoline and 9.1 parts by weight of gallium trichloride were put in 230 parts by weight of quinoline.
After reacting at 200 ° C. for 3 hours, the product (wet cake) was separated by filtration, washed with acetone and methanol, and then dried, to obtain 28 parts by weight of chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal. 3 parts by weight of the obtained chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal was placed in an automatic mortar (Lab-Mi
11 UT-21 type, manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.) for 3 hours, and 0.5 parts by weight of the resultant was crushed into glass beads (1 mmφ).
After milling in 20 parts by weight of benzyl alcohol together with 60 parts by weight at room temperature for 24 hours, the glass beads are filtered off, washed with 10 parts by weight of methanol, dried, and the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum shows 2θ ± 0. 2 ° = 7.4 °, 1
Chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal (CG-1) having strong diffraction peaks at 6.6 °, 25.5 ° and 28.3 °
I got

(Synthesis Example 10)-Synthesis of dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal-50 g of phthalonitrile and 27 g of anhydrous stannic chloride were
1-Chlornaphthalene in 350 ml, 195 ° C
After reacting for 5 hours, the product was separated by filtration, washed with 1-chloronaphthalene, acetone, methanol and then with water, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 18.3 g of dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystals. 5 g of the obtained dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal was mixed with 10 g of salt and agate ball (20 m).
mφ) 500 g together in an agate pot, 400 rpm in a planetary ball mill (P-5, Fritsch)
After crushing at m for 10 hours, the mixture was sufficiently washed with water and dried. After milling 0.5 g of the mixture together with 15 g of tetrahydrofuran and 30 g of glass beads (1 mmφ) at room temperature for 24 hours, the glass beads were separated by filtration, washed with methanol, and dried. .2
° = 8.5 °, 11.2 °, 14.5 ° and 27.2 °
A dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal (CG-2) having a strong diffraction peak was obtained.

(Synthesis Example 11) -Synthesis of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal- 3 parts by weight of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal obtained in Synthesis Example 10 were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid at 0 ° C, and then dissolved at 5 ° C. The above solution is dropped into 450 parts by weight of distilled water,
The crystals were reprecipitated. After washing with distilled water, dilute aqueous ammonia and the like, drying was performed to obtain 2.5 parts by weight of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal. This crystal was placed in an automatic mortar.
After crushing for 5 hours, 0.5 parts by weight thereof was milled for 24 hours together with 15 parts by weight of dimethylformamide and 30 parts by weight of glass beads having a diameter of 1 mm, and then the crystals were separated.
After washing with methanol and drying, 2θ ± 0.2 ° = 7.5 °, 9.9 °, 12.5 °, 1
A hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal (CG-3) having strong diffraction peaks at 6.3 °, 18.6 °, 25.1 ° and 28.3 ° was obtained.

Synthesis Example 12 Synthesis of Oxytitanium Phthalocyanine Crystal 30 parts by weight of 1,3-diiminoisoindoline and 17 parts by weight of titanium tetrabutoxide were placed in 200 parts by weight of 1-chloronaphthalene, and the mixture was heated under a nitrogen stream to 190 parts by weight. After reacting at 5 ° C. for 5 hours, the product was filtered, and aqueous ammonia,
After washing with water and acetone, 40 parts by weight of oxytitanium phthalocyanine was obtained. 5 parts by weight of the obtained oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal and 10 parts by weight of sodium chloride were pulverized for 3 hours using an automatic mortar (Lab-MILL UT-21 type, manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.). Then, it was sufficiently washed with distilled water and dried to obtain 4.8 parts by weight of oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal. The obtained oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal was found to have 2θ ±
A clear peak was shown at 0.2 ° = 27.3 °. After stirring 2 parts by weight of the obtained oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal in a mixed solvent of 20 parts by weight of distilled water and 2 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene at 50 ° C. for 1 hour,
After filtering, washing sufficiently with methanol and drying, an oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal (CG-4) having a strong diffraction peak at 2θ ± 0.2 ° = 27.3 ° in a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum was obtained.

(Example 1) (Formation of Undercoat Layer) 100 parts by weight of a zirconium compound (trade name: ORGATICS ZC540, manufactured by Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and a silane compound (trade name: on a honing-treated 30 mmφ aluminum cylindrical substrate) A1110, manufactured by Nippon Junker Co.) A solution consisting of 10 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight of isopropanol and 200 parts by weight of butanol was applied by a dip coating method, and heated and dried at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a 0.5 μm-thick undercoat layer. Formed. (Formation of charge generation layer) 10 parts by weight of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal prepared in Synthesis Example 9 was mixed with 10 parts by weight of a polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: Esrec BM-S, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 500 parts by weight of n-butyl acetate. , And treated with a glass shaker for 1 hour with a paint shaker to disperse. Then, the obtained coating solution is applied on the undercoat layer by a dip coating method, and heated and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a film. A 0.18 μm charge generation layer was formed. (Formation of Charge Transport Layer) Next, N, N-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-4-amine (CT-1)
2 parts by weight and 3 parts by weight of 1,1'-di- (p-phenylene) cyclohexane carbonate are dissolved in 20 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene, and the obtained coating solution is applied to an aluminum cylindrical substrate on which a charge generation layer is formed. The resultant was applied by a dip coating method and dried by heating at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 15 μm. (Formation of Surface Protective Layer) Further, 10 parts by weight of the silane compound (1) prepared in Synthesis Example 1 and a hard coat agent (trade name:
X-40-2239, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicon Co., Ltd.) 20 parts by weight,
3 parts by weight of phenyltriethoxysilane and 1 part by weight of acetic acid are mixed, and the obtained coating solution is applied by dip coating on the surface of the charge transport layer formed thereon, and cured by heating at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. A surface protective layer having a thickness of 3 μm was formed to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus obtained was applied to a laser beam printer (trade name: XP-1).
1. High temperature and humidity (35 ° C, 80
% RH), print test is performed on the first sheet and 2
The image quality after copying 000 sheets was evaluated. Table 9 shows the results.

Examples 2 to 9 Electrophotographic photosensitive members were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the combinations of the charge generating materials and the silane compounds were changed as shown in Table 9. Table 9 shows the results.

(Examples 10 to 15) N,
Electrophotographic photoreceptors were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 9, except that N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis- (m-tolyl) benzidine (CT-2) was used. Table 9 shows the results.

(Example 16) In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 15, a subbing layer having a thickness of 0.5 µm was formed on an aluminum cylindrical substrate, and the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal produced in Synthesis Example 10 was used as a charge generation material. Used film thickness 0.17
A μm charge generation layer was formed.

Next, 1 part by weight of the silane compound (1) prepared in Synthesis Example 1 as a charge transport material and polycarbonate resin 1 represented by the structural formula (II) as a binder polymer
Parts by weight were dissolved in 8 parts by weight of morochlorobenzene and 1 part by weight of acetic acid, and the obtained coating solution was applied by dip coating on the surface of the charge generating layer formed, and then dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 1 hour and cured. Thus, a charge transport layer having a thickness of 15 μm was formed.

The electrophotographic photoreceptors thus obtained were evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 15. Table 10 shows the results.

Examples 17 to 27 Electrophotographic photosensitive members were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the binder polymer and the silane compound were changed as shown in Table 14. Table 15 shows the results.

(Comparative Example 1) A subbing layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm was formed on an aluminum cylindrical substrate in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 27, and the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal prepared in Synthesis Example 10 was used as a charge transport material. 0.15 film thickness
A μm charge transport layer was formed.

Next, 2 parts by weight of triphenylamine as a charge transporting material and the structural formula (II) as a binder polymer were used.
Is dissolved in 8 parts by weight of morochlorobenzene, and the obtained coating solution is applied by dip coating on the charge generation layer,
The resultant was dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 16 μm.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1-27. Table 15 shows the results.

[0123]

[Table 14]

[0124]

[Table 15]

(Examples 28 to 46) The combinations of the charge generating materials and the silane compounds were changed as shown in Table 16, and
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in No. 9 and evaluated. Table 16 shows the results.

(Comparative Example 2) A subbing layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm was formed on an aluminum cylindrical substrate in the same manner as in Example, and a film was formed using the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal prepared in Synthesis Example 10 as a charge transporting material. A charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm is formed, and a charge transport layer having a thickness of 15 μm is formed thereon using N, N-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-4-amine (CT-1). did.

A silane compound represented by the following structural formula (C
T-3) 10 parts, 20 parts of a hard coat material (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicon Co., Ltd., X-40-2239), 3 parts of phenyltriethoxysilane, and 1 part of acetic acid were mixed. The resultant was applied by a dip coating method and cured by heating at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.
A 5 μm surface protective layer was formed to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0128]

Embedded image

The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in the examples. Table 16 shows the results.

(Examples 47 to 66) The combinations of the charge generation materials and the silane compounds were changed as shown in Table 17, and Example 16 was performed.
Electrophotographic photosensitive members were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 29 to 29. Table 17 shows the results.

(Comparative Example 3) An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the silane compound (CT-3) used in Comparative Example 1 was used as the charge transport layer.
Table 17 shows the results.

[0132]

[Table 16]

[0133]

[Table 17]

As can be seen from the table, this example uses a silane compound excellent in solubility, film forming property and compatibility, and therefore has a strong film, and therefore has excellent mechanical strength and repetition rate. It turns out that it has stability and high sensitivity.

(Example 67) <Preparation of Subbing Layer> 100 parts of a zirconium compound (trade name: ORGATICS ZC540, manufactured by Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and a silane compound (trade name: A1110) were formed on a 30 mmφ honing-treated aluminum cylindrical substrate. A solution consisting of 10 parts of i-propanol, 400 parts of i-propanol and 200 parts of butanol was applied by a dip coating method and dried by heating at 150 ° C for 10 minutes to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.5 µm. .

<Preparation of Charge Generating Layer> Ten parts of a chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal synthesized in Synthesis Example 9 were mixed with 10 parts of a polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: Esrec BM-S, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and n-butyl acetate 500. And then dispersed with a glass shaker for 1 hour using a paint shaker. The resulting coating solution was applied on the undercoat layer by a dip coating method.
After heating and drying for 0 minutes, a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.18 μm was formed.

<Preparation of Charge Transport Layer> Next, 2 parts of N, N-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-4-amine (CTM-1) and 1,1′-di- (p-phenylene) were added. 3) Cyclohexane carbonate (3 parts) was dissolved in monochlorobenzene (20 parts), and the obtained coating solution was applied on an aluminum cylindrical substrate on which a charge generating layer was formed by dip coating, and dried by heating at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. This was performed to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 15 μm.

<Preparation of Surface Protective Layer> Compound (1) 1
0 parts and a binder (X-40-2 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicon Co., Ltd.)
239) 20 parts, PTFE3 which is a fluorine-containing compound
, 1N-hydrochloric acid (1 part) and dibutyl ether (30 parts) were stirred and mixed for 15 minutes, and the resulting coating solution was applied by dip coating on the transport layer, and dried by heating at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the film was further cured at 80 ° C. (80% humidity) for 1.5 hours to form a surface protective layer having a thickness of 3 μm, thereby obtaining a photoreceptor.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus obtained is mounted on an actual machine (XP-11; manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) and
The durability test of 10,000 PPC sheets was performed on 10,000 sheets. Table 22 shows the results.

Examples 68 to 116 Combinations of the compound represented by the general formula (I), the fluorine-containing compound and the catalyst are shown in Table 1.
The electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the photoconductors were changed as in Examples 8 and 19. The results are shown in Tables 20, 21, and 22.

(Comparative Example 4) An electrophotographic photosensitive member without a surface protective layer in each of the above Examples was prepared, and the same evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 22.

(Comparative Examples 5 to 13) N, N-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-4-amine (CTM-1) was used as the charge transporting material instead of the compound represented by the general formula (I). The protective layer was formed by changing the combination of the fluorine-containing compound and the catalyst as shown in Table 19 in the same manner as in Examples 68 to 116, but none of the protective layers could be obtained due to whitening or the like.

(Comparative Example 14) Instead of the compound represented by the formula (I) as a charge transporting material, N, N-bis (3,
4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-4-amine (CT
M-1), a polycarbonate represented by the above structural formula (IV) as a binder, and F (CF ₂ ) ₈ CH ₂ CH ₂ Si (OM) as a fluorine-containing compound.
e) A protective layer was formed in the same manner as in Examples 68 to 116 using ₃ , but because of poor compatibility, it was whitened and a good protective layer could not be obtained.

[0144]

[Table 18]

[0145]

[Table 19]

[0146]

[Table 20]

[0147]

[Table 21]

[0148]

[Table 22]

As is clear from the results of Tables 18 to 22,
Each of the electrophotographic photoreceptors of the examples containing the compound represented by the general formula (I) and the fluorine-containing compound has a strong film, is extremely excellent in durability and environmental stability, and has high sensitivity. It can be seen that it is. On the other hand, it was found that a charge-transporting material which did not contain the compound represented by the general formula (I) even if it contained a fluorine-containing compound could not form a suitable protective layer.

Synthesis Example 13 Synthesis of Compound (112) In a nitrogen-substituted 200 ml two-necked flask, 10.1 g of the carboxylic acid (1) represented by the following structural formula and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,4 [0] -7-undecene (4.6 g) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (50 ml) and heated to 100 ° C. Thereafter, 7.6 g of ((chloromethyl) phenylethyl) trimethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was stirred at 100 degrees for 4 hours. Then, 500 ml of toluene was added, and 500 ml
After washing twice with distilled water, drying the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and performing column purification on silica gel (solvent: toluene / methylene chloride) to obtain a pale yellow oily silane compound ( 112) 7.1 g were obtained. FIG. 9 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

[0151]

Embedded image

Synthesis Example 14 Synthesis of Compound (150) In a 200 ml eggplant-shaped flask purged with nitrogen, 14.3 g of carboxylic acid (2) represented by the following structural formula and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,4 7.3 g of [0] -7-undecene was dissolved in 50 ml of dimethylformamide and heated to 100 ° C. Then ((chloromethyl) phenylethyl)
12.4 g of trimethoxysilane was added and stirred at 100 degrees for 6 hours. Thereafter, 500 ml of toluene and 30 parts of distilled water were used.
0 ml was added, and the precipitated insoluble matter was filtered off through celite. The induction layer was washed twice with 500 ml of distilled water, dried by adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Then, column purification was performed on silica gel (solvent: toluene / methylene chloride), and a pale yellow oily silane compound was obtained. (150) 1
2.1 g were obtained. FIG. 10 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound.

[0153]

Embedded image

Synthesis Example 15 Synthesis of Compound (111) 5.0 g of the carboxylic acid (1) represented by the above structural formula and 5.0 g of allyl alcohol were placed in a 300 ml two-necked flask purged with nitrogen. Dissolved in toluene.
Further, 1 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added dropwise and stirred for 15 hours. afterwards,
After pouring into 200 ml of distilled water and washing twice, drying the organic layer by adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and performing column purification on silica gel (solvent: toluene),
The product was further purified by a recrystallization method to obtain 5.2 g of a vinyl group-containing ester (1) represented by the following structural formula (melting point: 107 to 1).
09 ° C, white crystals). FIG. 11 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained compound.

[0155]

Embedded image

[0156] nitrogen-substituted vinyl group-containing ester in a two-neck flask 200 ml (1) takes 3g and trimethoxysilane 3g, stirring _{H 2 PtCl 6 6H 2 O (} 1
% Isopropanol solution) was added dropwise, and the raw material was dissolved as the reaction progressed. After stirring for 3 hours, add 50 ml of toluene and 100 ml of distilled water.
And washed. Further, anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the organic layer to dry it, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Then, column purification was performed using silica gel (solvent: toluene / ethyl acetate) to obtain 7.1 g of a pale yellow oily silane compound (111). . FIG. 12 shows the IR absorption spectrum of the obtained silane compound. (Examples 117 to 124) In the same manner as in Examples 2 to 9, also for the silane compounds (111) and (150), the combinations of the charge transporting material and the charge generating material were changed as shown in Table 23 below, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured. Created and evaluated.

[0157]

[Table 23]

As can be seen from the table, this example uses a silane compound having excellent solubility, film forming properties, and compatibility, and therefore has a strong film, and therefore has excellent mechanical strength and repetition rate. It turns out that it has stability and high sensitivity. (Examples 125 to 128) In the same manner as in Examples 16 to 29, for the silane compounds (111) and (150), the combinations of binders were changed as shown in Table 24 below, and electrophotographic photoreceptors were prepared and evaluated. .

[0159]

[Table 24]

As can be seen from the table, even in combination with the binder, a strong film is obtained, and therefore, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent mechanical strength and repetition stability and high sensitivity can be obtained. I understand.

(Examples 129 to 144) An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the combination of the compound represented by the general formula (I), the fluorine-containing compound and the catalyst was changed as shown in Table 25. ,evaluated. The results are shown in Table 26.

[0162]

[Table 25]

[0163]

[Table 26]

As is clear from the results shown in Table 26, in each of the electrophotographic photosensitive members containing the compound represented by the general formula (I) and the fluorine-containing compound, a strong film was formed and the durability was improved. It can be seen that the environmental stability is extremely excellent and the sensitivity is high. That is, it was found that the effect was more improved in combination with the fluorine-containing compound.

[0165]

According to the present invention, since a compound having excellent solubility, film-forming properties and compatibility is used, a strong film is formed, the mechanical strength is improved, and the electrophotography excellent in environmental sensitivity and high sensitivity is obtained. A photoreceptor can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 1.

FIG. 2 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 2.

FIG. 3 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 3.

FIG. 4 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 4.

FIG. 5 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 5.

FIG. 6 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 6.

FIG. 7 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 7.

FIG. 8 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 8.

9 is an IR absorption spectrum of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 13. FIG.

FIG. 10 shows IR of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 14.
It is an absorption spectrum.

11 is an IR absorption spectrum of a vinyl group-containing ester compound as an intermediate synthesized in Synthesis Example 15. FIG.

FIG. 12 IR of a silane compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 15
It is an absorption spectrum.

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a plurality of layers, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers contains at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I). Electrophotographic photoreceptor. Embedded image In the formula, Ar _{1 to} Ar ₄ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar ₅ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an arylene group. X is -Y-SiR
_{1 (3-a)} (OR ₂ ) _a substituent represented by a, wherein
R ₁ represents a hydrogen, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ₂ represents a hydrogen, an alkyl group, or a trialkylsilyl group, a represents an integer of 1 to 3, and Y represents a divalent group. Show. However, Y does not include a divalent group having a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a hetero atom. k represents 0 or 1. X is k
Is 0, any one of Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ and Ar ₅ is 1 to 3
And when k is 1, it binds to any one to four of Ar _{1 to} Ar ₅ . 2. The electron according to claim 1, wherein the layer containing at least one kind of the compound represented by the general formula (I) further contains at least one kind of a fluorine-containing compound. Photoreceptor. 3. In the general formula (I), Y is-
_{(CH 2) x -, -} (C x 'H 2x'-2) -, - (C x "H
_{2x "-4} )-, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, -CH =
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, comprising at least one of N—, —O—, and —COO—. Here, x is an integer of 1 to 15, and x ′ and x ″ are each an integer of 2 to 15. 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 2, wherein the fluorine-containing compound is a fluorine-containing silane coupling agent. 5. The layer containing at least one compound represented by the general formula (I) further comprises at least one material compatible with the compound represented by the general formula (I). 5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is contained. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5, wherein the material compatible with the compound represented by the general formula (I) is an insulating polymer. 7. All the materials constituting a layer containing at least one compound represented by the general formula (I),
2. A material that is compatible with each other.
5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 8. All the materials constituting a layer containing at least one compound represented by the general formula (I),
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 7, which is a material capable of forming a -O-Si-O- bond. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (I) is cured.
13. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to item 6. 10. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 9, wherein a curing catalyst is used as a means for curing the compound represented by the general formula (I). 11. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 10, wherein said curing catalyst is an acidic compound. 12. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein a layer containing the compound represented by the general formula (I) is formed on the outermost surface. 13. The charge generating material according to claim 1, further comprising a layer containing at least one kind of a gallium phthalocyanine halide crystal, a halogenated tin phthalocyanine crystal, a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal, and an oxytitanyl phthalocyanine crystal. 13. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of items 1 to 12.