JPH11337273A - Contact type heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inexpensively manufacture a contact type heat exchanger having a high heat transfer performance and a compact constitution by providing guide plates disposed in a propeller shape to guide a falling liquid around a shaft disposed toward a vertical direction in a container. SOLUTION: A liquid such as a cooling water or the like sequentially falling by forming a liquid film 12 from an oblique plate 31 of an upper stage to an oblique plate 31 of next stage falls according to an inclination of the plate 31 without stopping to freely drop between the upper and lower plates 31. A distance between the plates 31 is shortened to regulate a falling speed so as not to largely vary. A heat transfer between the falling liquid and the plate 31 has high heat transfer characteristics because of a stream and a thin liquid film, and a rear surface of the plate 31 having no liquid stream also becomes an effective heat exchange surface. Accordingly, a wasteful space is eliminated, and a size and a manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a contact heat exchanger used in a power plant, a cooling facility, a chemical plant, or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A direct contact heat exchanger or condenser conventionally used in various plants will be described below with reference to FIGS.

A packed tower type direct contact heat exchanger shown in FIG. 9 has a Raschig ring, a lessing ring, a cross version ring, and a triple spiral ring made of a material such as metal, porcelain, or plastic inside a heat exchange tank 01. , A double spiral ring, an intercox saddle, a Berl saddle, a single spiral ring, a teralet ring, etc.
The lower filler support plate 08 and the upper filler hold 09
The liquid such as cooling water supplied from the upper part of the heat exchange tank 01 through the liquid inlet 02 and the liquid distributor 02a flows down the surface of the filler 04 while filling the lower part of the tank. The heat exchange is performed by contact with the gas supplied from the gas inlet 05, and the cooled gas is taken out from the gas outlet 03 in the upper part of the tank.

A direct contact heat exchanger of this type has a large gas-liquid interface area per unit volume of the heat exchange tank, though it depends on the size of the packing 04 filled in the body 01a of the heat exchange tank 01. have.

However, the shape of the filling 04 is complicated in view of the flow of the liquid and the rise of the gas, and the flow velocity of each of them is largely fluctuated, and the flowing liquid does not stay in the filling 04. Since the rising gas is also blocked by the filling material 04 and flows, the falling liquid and the rising gas have large speed fluctuations and many turns.

[0006] As a result, there is a possibility that the pressure loss on the gas side is large, and on the liquid side, a phenomenon called overflowing occurs in which the liquid overflows to the upper portion of the tank without flowing down and the operation cannot be continued.

Another problem with this method is that the flowing liquid flows down unevenly, and a liquid redistributor 07 is required as a countermeasure. Therefore, the overall structure becomes large and complicated. It is expensive.

As another conventional type, FIG.
There is a liquid film type direct contact heat exchanger shown in FIG. 0, in which liquid shelves 11 are arranged alternately from above to below in a heat exchanger tank 01, and the shelves 11 and shelves 11 vertically adjacent to each other are arranged. This is a method in which a liquid film 12 is formed in between, and the liquid film 12 and the gas from a gas inlet 05 at the lower part of the tank are brought into direct contact with each other to exchange heat, and is characterized by a simple structure.

In this liquid film type direct contact heat exchanger, the surface of the liquid film 12 is the main heat exchange surface, but as can be seen from the figure, the liquid film area is smaller than the tank volume. The gas-liquid interface area per unit volume is reduced.

Although the liquid film 12 flows down at a free falling speed, the heat exchange time is shortened. This is because the liquid film surface has the characteristic of direct contact heat exchange on the liquid film surface, but the heat conduction inside the liquid film is caused by the free fall. There is no flow and unsteady heat conduction occurs, resulting in low heat conduction efficiency affected by the low thermal conductivity of water.

Another problem is that the liquid stays on the shelf 11 for forming the liquid film 12, and the staying water has completed heat exchange and does not contribute to the improvement of the heat conduction efficiency. Become.

FIG. 1 shows another conventional type.
There is a liquid column type direct contact type heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1, which is similar to the liquid film type described above, in which a liquid shelf 15 provided with a weir plate 15b at the tip is alternately arranged in a vertical direction in a heat exchanger tank 01. The liquid is dropped as a liquid column 16 from a large number of openings 15a provided in the liquid shelf 15, and the liquid curtain area 16a of the liquid column 16, the opening area 15d at the tip of the liquid shelf, etc. This method measures the increase in gas contact area.

In this type, only the liquid flowing down is changed from the liquid film 11 of the liquid film type direct contact heat exchanger shown in FIG. 10 to the liquid column 16, and there is no significant difference.
When the liquid column 6 is compared with the liquid film 11, the liquid column 16 can slightly increase the gas-liquid interface area.

FIG. 1 shows another conventional type.
There is a tray type direct contact heat exchanger shown in FIG. 2, but this system employs a tray 18 instead of alternately arranging the liquid film type liquid shelves 11 in FIG. 10 and is suitable for large capacity.

In contrast to the problems of the liquid film type direct contact heat exchanger shown in FIG. 10 described above, the tray type direct contact heat exchanger is characterized in that the remaining water remains on the tray 18 and the direction of the rising gas is reduced. However, the trays 18 are arranged densely so that the heat transfer efficiency can be increased as a relatively high gas-liquid interface area.

However, this method also has a drift of the flowing liquid similarly to the packed-column direct-contact heat exchanger of FIG. 9 described above, and a countermeasure is required.

FIG. 1 shows another conventional type.
There is a spray-type direct contact heat exchanger shown in FIG. 3, which is a method in which a liquid is sprayed from a liquid nozzle 19 into a heat exchange tank (not shown). The inside of the droplet has no flow and has unsteady heat conduction characteristics, and the smaller the droplet diameter, the higher the heat transfer performance. However, in order to reduce the droplet diameter, it is necessary to increase the pressure of the liquid supplied to the liquid nozzle 19. Therefore, it is difficult to say that it is effective because it increases the pump power.

Further, the spray droplet speed is high and the heat exchange time of the droplets is short, so that it is difficult to increase the heat exchange efficiency per volume of the heat exchanger tank.

Further, as another conventional type,
There is a jet type direct contact heat exchanger shown in FIG.
This method is used in condensers for special purposes. Cooling water ejected from multiple nozzles not only condenses steam but also draws in non-condensable gas and discharges it from the lower part. The disadvantage is that the amount of cooling water is large compared to other types.

[0020]

As described above, various types of direct contact heat exchangers have hitherto been put to practical use, but each has its own strengths and weaknesses, and unfortunately, it is difficult to find one that is satisfactory over all. There is no situation.

The object of the present invention is to provide a direct contact heat exchanger which has higher heat transfer performance, has a compact structure and can be manufactured at low cost in such a situation. It does not stay in the exchange tank, minimizes the fluctuation of the falling velocity of the flowing liquid, shortens the free fall distance, keeps the rising gas flow velocity and flow direction as constant as possible, and allows the flowing liquid to flow down the heat exchange tank evenly. It is an object of the present invention to provide a direct contact heat exchanger.

[0022]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has an inlet for a gas flowing upward from below while in contact with the liquid flowing downward from above. And a guide plate arranged in a propeller shape around an axis arranged vertically in the container, and a guide plate for guiding the flowing liquid. To provide.

That is, according to the present invention, a contact type heat exchanger is constituted by arranging a guide plate arranged in a propeller shape around a shaft in a container provided with a liquid inlet and a gas inlet in a vertical direction. Therefore, the liquid supplied from the liquid inlet into the container does not stay in the container according to the arrangement of the guide plates, the flow speed and free fall distance are adjusted, and the gas flowing down the container evenly While maintaining the rising speed of the gas supplied from the inlet at a constant speed, the gas is brought into countercurrent contact with the gas to effectively exchange heat.

The present invention also provides a contact heat exchanger in which the container has a cylindrical shape. That is, according to the present invention, since the container provided with the liquid inlet and the gas inlet, and having the axis where the guide plates are arranged in a propeller shape, has a cylindrical shape, the liquid and the gas that come into countercurrent contact with each other have a cylindrical shape. According to the shape, it is appropriately dispersed in the container to perform heat exchange more effectively.

Still further, the present invention provides a contact heat exchanger in which one or a plurality of the containers are arranged, and wherein the liquid is used as cooling water and the gas is used as vapor to condense the vapor.

That is, according to the present invention, one or a plurality of containers provided with a liquid inlet and a gas inlet and provided with a shaft having guide plates arranged in a propeller shape are prepared and arranged as necessary. Thus, the desired heat exchange is performed by selecting a heat exchange capacity and cooling and condensing steam selected as a gas with cooling water selected as a liquid.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that FIG. 1 omits a container for partitioning the heat exchange tank, and only the guide plates arranged therein are extracted and displayed, and FIG. 2 is a view showing the state of action of the liquid flowing between the guide plates. It was done.

That is, in the present embodiment, a large number of strip-shaped inclined plates 31 are arranged inside a container provided with a liquid inlet and a gas inlet (not shown) with a step in the vertical direction, and the inclined plate is of a falling contact type. It constitutes a heat exchanger.

The arrangement of the inclined plates 31 may be arranged like the trays in the tray type direct contact heat exchanger described with reference to FIG.
These arrangements assume a shaft at one end of the container when viewed macroscopically, and have a shape that is vertically aligned along the axis.

According to the present embodiment configured as described above, the cooling film is supplied from the upper inlet, forms the liquid film 12 from the upper inclined plate 31 to the next inclined plate 31, and flows down sequentially. The liquid such as water flows down without stopping according to the inclination of the inclined plate 31, and falls freely between the upper and lower inclined plates 31, 31. By decreasing the distance between the inclined plates 31, 31, the flowing speed is reduced. It can be adjusted so as not to fluctuate greatly.

By changing the inclination angle of the inclined plate 31, the flow velocity can be set to a desired level in a certain range. Therefore, by adjusting these in accordance with the heat exchange level such as cooling, suitable heat exchange is performed. be able to.

The gas, such as vapor, rising so as to face the liquid flowing down is rectified by the inclined plate 31 except in the position where it directly contacts the liquid film 12 and exchanges heat with the liquid film 12, in the direction opposite to the flowing liquid. And the flow velocity hardly changes.

Further, since a liquid such as cooling water flows down the surface of the inclined plate 31, the heat transfer between the flowing liquid and the inclined plate 31 has a high heat transfer characteristic due to the flow and the thin liquid film. The back surface of the inclined plate 31 through which the liquid does not flow also becomes an effective heat exchange surface, which contributes to improvement of the heat exchange efficiency as a whole.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 also omits the container that divides the heat exchange tank, and extracts and displays the guide plates arranged therein and a shaft as a supporting device for supporting the guide plates, and FIG. It shows the status of the process of manufacturing a simple guide plate.

That is, in the present embodiment, a turning disk 41 is arranged in a propeller shape around a supporting device 42 serving as a shaft, and the turning disk 41 is provided with an appropriate spacer in the axial direction of the supporting device 42. It is arranged in multiple stages and constitutes a series of multistage rotating disk type direct contact heat exchangers.

In manufacturing the revolving disk 41, a support rod hole 45 is provided at the center of the disk made of a metal material or the like, and a plurality of cuts are made along the cutting line 44 in the radial direction of the disk. Then, a large number of fan-shaped portions are formed, and the roots thereof are twisted so as to be inclined to form a windmill type (propeller shape).

As an example of the specific dimensions of this disk, the size of the rotating disk is about 300 mmφ at the maximum, and it is made of a metal or alloy having corrosion resistance to the flowing liquid and gas to be used, and has a thickness of 0 mm. 0.3 to 2.0 mm is conceivable.

By changing the twist angle of this inclined plate in the range of 15 degrees to 45 degrees, the residence time of the liquid (cooling water) flowing down on the inclined plate in the heat exchange tank according to each twist angle is changed. Will be adjusted.

As described above, a series of multi-stage rotating disk type direct contact heat exchangers in which the rotating disk 41 is housed in a container such as a cylinder may be used as it is.
As shown in FIG. 5, the area of the heat exchange tank can be effectively utilized as a multiple staggered arrangement in a state of being housed in the cylinder 46.

A development view of a cross-section of the series or multi-stage multi-stage rotating disk type direct contact heat exchanger cut in the circumferential direction with the same radius is the inclined plate falling type direct contact described as the first embodiment. It becomes substantially the same as the cross-sectional view (FIG. 2) of the type heat exchanger, and the falling liquid flows down without stopping due to the inclination of the inclined plate and flows between the upper and lower inclined plates in the same manner as in the case of the inclined plate direct contact type heat exchanger. Becomes a free fall, but by shortening the distance, the flow velocity does not fluctuate greatly, and the flow velocity can be set within a certain range by changing the inclination angle of the inclined plate.

The ascending gas is rectified by the inclined plate and flows in the direction opposite to the flowing liquid, and the flow velocity hardly changes, and the liquid flows down the inclined plate surface, so that the heat transfer between the flowing liquid and the inclined plate flows. Due to the fact that the liquid film is thin and has a high heat transfer characteristic due to the thin liquid film, the back surface of the inclined plate through which the liquid does not flow also becomes an effective heat exchange surface, which can contribute to the improvement of the heat exchange efficiency.

In addition to this, according to the present embodiment, this is a matter considered as a problem in the first embodiment; a. Since the flow direction is inclined for both liquid and gas, it is necessary to incline the heat exchange tank or to reverse the inclining direction every plural stages.

B. The uniform distribution of cooling water to each inclined plate at the top of the heat exchange tank is troublesome. c. Due to the surface tension of the falling liquid, the vertical horizontality of the inclined plate, the gas drift, etc., it is difficult to make the flowing liquid flow down evenly to the multi-stage inclined plate. And the like do not cause any particular problem, and provide a suitable direct contact heat exchanger.

The greatest feature of the rotating disk type, including the present embodiment, is that the liquid (cooling water) flows down while rotating, and in this case, the liquid is multi-stage rotating disk 41 due to gravity. However, a motion (flow) in the circumferential direction may occur in accordance with the inclination of the rotating disk blade.

The centrifugal force is generated by this circumferential flow, and the liquid receives a force in the outer circumferential direction. However, the liquid is blocked by the cylinder and tends to flow down mainly on the outer circumferential portion of the rotating disk. At this time, in order to prevent the liquid from concentrating and flowing down on the outer peripheral portion, this can be corrected by forming the swirling disk blade into a mortar shape and inclining in the upper axial direction.

Conversely, if necessary, the flow of the liquid can be concentrated on the outer peripheral portion by forming the swirling disk blade in an umbrella shape and inclining it in the lower axial direction. By appropriately weaving and combining such contrivances as needed, the liquid can flow down uniformly on the surfaces of the multi-stage rotating disk.

In the present embodiment, the liquid supplied to the upper part of the cylinder is distributed to the respective blades by the characteristics of the disc even if it drips down to the center of the swirling disc 41. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a liquid distributor. There is no. In addition, the central disk of the revolving disk 41 may have a dead zone because of no flow, but is at most 10% or less of the revolving disk area, and there is no practical problem in practice.

Thus, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain an ideal direct contact heat exchanger which satisfies all of the items mentioned above. Moreover, the multi-stage swivel disk is easy to manufacture and easy to mass-produce, even though the structure looks complicated at first glance, and supports one or more holes at the center of the disk for assembly. A suitable direct contact heat exchanger can be easily and inexpensively manufactured so that the upper and lower sides can be fixed through a rod and the spacing between the discs can be reliably set by passing a spacer through the support rod. What you can get.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the illustrated embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
It goes without saying that various changes may be made to the specific structure within the scope of the present invention.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the tip of the rotating disk inclined blade is bent to form a falling liquid guide so that the flowing liquid does not flow out of the disk, thereby storing the rotating disk. A cylinder can be dispensed with.

When a multiple-stage, multi-stage rotating disk type direct contact heat exchanger is employed as a condenser, the gas is condensed and there is no need to restrict the flow path. This is possible and can greatly contribute to the reduction in the cost of the apparatus.

When a multi-stage multi-stage rotating disk type direct contact heat exchanger is adopted as a heat exchanger, the cylinder also has a sufficient function as a heat exchange surface. The gap between the cylinders to be stored can be a simple seal,
In an extreme case, no seal may be used, thus contributing to a reduction in the cost of the apparatus.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, if the swirling disk blades are formed in a saw-tooth shape, the flowing water becomes turbulent, falls in a columnar shape, and can further improve the heat exchange performance.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, if the cut of the swirling disk blade is made into a spiral curve and the direction of the spiral is switched for each stage, the liquid flowing down from one blade becomes a plurality of sub-stages. It flows down to the wings (in the example of the figure, it flows down to three or more blades in the next stage), and more uniform downflow can be expected.

[0055]

As described above, according to the present invention, a container provided with an inlet for a liquid flowing down from above and an inlet for a gas flowing upward from below while contacting the liquid flowing down, and And a guide plate arranged in a propeller shape around an axis arranged in the vertical direction to guide the flowing liquid, so as to constitute a contact heat exchanger. The supplied liquid does not stay in the container according to the arrangement of the guide plate, the falling speed and the free fall distance are adjusted, and the rising speed of the gas supplied from the gas inlet while flowing down the container uniformly is adjusted. While maintaining a constant level, the heat exchange is effectively performed by countercurrent contact with the same gas, thereby realizing a high gas-liquid interface area without wasting space, simplifying structure and assembly, miniaturizing, and reducing manufacturing costs. Ideal counter-current direct contact type that can achieve reduction In which it was possible to obtain the exchanger.

According to the second aspect of the invention, since the contact heat exchanger is formed as a cylindrical container, the liquid and the gas that come into countercurrent contact with each other in the container according to the shape of the cylindrical container. Disperse properly, conduct heat exchange more effectively,
It is possible to more reliably realize the ideal counter-flow direct contact heat exchanger.

According to the third aspect of the present invention,
According to the present invention, one or more of the containers are arranged, and the contact type heat exchanger is configured such that the liquid is used as cooling water and the gas is used as vapor to condense the vapor. And a gas inlet, and a container in which a shaft having guide plates arranged in a propeller shape is arranged, and one or a plurality of containers are prepared and arranged as necessary to select a heat exchange capacity, and By cooling and condensing the vapor selected as a gas by the cooling water selected as a liquid, the desired suitable heat exchange is performed. A vessel was obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of an inclined plate falling-down direct contact heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing an operation state in a main part of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a multi-stage rotating disk type direct contact heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a process of making the turning disk of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a multiple-stage multi-stage rotating disk type direct contact heat exchanger as an application example of FIG.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of an application example in which a part of the configuration of FIG. 3 is modified.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of another application example in which a part of the configuration of FIG. 3 is modified.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of still another application example in which a part of the configuration of FIG. 3 is modified.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a conventional packed tower type direct contact heat exchanger.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a conventional liquid film type direct contact heat exchanger.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a conventional liquid column type direct contact heat exchanger.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a conventional tray-type direct contact heat exchanger.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a conventional spray-type direct contact heat exchanger.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a main part of a conventional jet-type direct contact heat exchanger.

[Explanation of symbols]

 01 heat exchange tank 01a body 02 liquid inlet 02a liquid distributor 03 gas outlet 04 filling 05 gas inlet 07 liquid redistributor 08 filling support plate 09 filling holder 11 liquid shelf 12 liquid film 15 liquid shelf 15a opening 15b Weir plate 15d Opening area 16 Liquid column 16a Liquid curtain area 18 Tray 19 Liquid nozzle 31 Inclined plate 41 Revolving disk 42 Support device 44 Cutting line 45 Support rod hole 46 Cylindrical 47 Saw tooth 48 Swirl curve 51 Flow guide

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A container having an inlet for a liquid flowing downward from above and an inlet for a gas flowing upward from below while being in contact with the liquid flowing downward, and disposed vertically in the container. And a guide plate arranged in a propeller shape around the shaft and guiding the flowing liquid. 2. The contact type heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the container has a cylindrical shape. 3. The contact type heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein one or a plurality of the containers are arranged, and the liquid is used as cooling water and the gas is used as vapor to condense the vapor. .