JPH11326530A - Earthquake disaster counter measure supporting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce processing time from the occurrence of an earthquake to the output support information and to establish an initial system, by estimating a disaster condition in a region according to the distribution of seismic intensity in the region from a seismic intensity distribution estimation means, and displaying the estimated disaster condition. SOLUTION: A device is installed at a plurality of locations such as each self-governing body; consists of an earthquake observation device 1 that records earthquake data such as speed and acceleration, and calculates a measured seismic intensity (g) when an earthquake occurs; a seismic intensity estimation part 11; a disaster estimation part 12; a support information display device 13; and also consists of a support device body 10 for performing processing after the estimation of the distribution of seismic intensity, based on the measured seismic intensity being transmitted from the earthquake observation device 1. The seismic intensity estimation part 11 estimates a seismic intensity distribution (h) from the measured seismic intensity being transmitted from the earthquake observation device 1. The disaster estimation part 12 calculates a disaster estimation result (i) in a region from the seismic intensity distribution. The support information display device 13 displays a disaster estimation result (i) and support information (j) such as the presence/absence of the need for installing disaster measure headquarters and initial personnel, thus enabling disaster personnel to establish an initial system.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an earthquake damage countermeasure support device applied to a disaster prevention system installed in an emergency response headquarters of a local or national government.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When an earthquake occurs, damage such as house collapse, fire, and tsunami increases depending on the magnitude of the seismic intensity of the earthquake. It is important to collect information on the damage status from the establishment of the emergency response headquarters to the establishment of the first dynamics such as firefighting, police standby and mobilization.

If the person in charge of disaster prevention does not know where and on what scale the damage caused by the earthquake has occurred, it is impossible to judge where to place limited headquarters staff or fire and police personnel. . Furthermore, it is not possible to judge the necessity of recruiting staff and members or establishing an emergency response headquarters according to the magnitude of the damage.

[0004] Conventionally, information gathering on the damage situation has relied on reports from the victims and partial communication from police and fire departments, making it difficult to grasp the damage situation over a wide area at an early stage.

In recent years, local governments themselves have installed seismometers at a plurality of locations in their own jurisdiction, analyzed the seismic waveforms from the seismometers at the time of the occurrence of an earthquake, and determined the magnitude of the seismic motion in the area (intensity). More and more local governments are introducing seismic damage countermeasure support devices that automatically estimate and calculate the collapse damage of buildings and roads, and the resulting damage to casualties.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a conventional earthquake damage countermeasure support device. This support device uses an autoregressive model and Akaike Information C (AIC) based on seismic data a such as velocity or acceleration observed by a seismometer.
riterion, edited by Koji Akaike / Genshiro Akakawa, supervised by Koji Akaike, Practical I of time series analysis, see Asakura Shoten Publishing Office) The time difference between both the P wave and the S wave initial b is compared with a function called a travel time curve, which represents the distance between the epicenter and the observation point and the propagation time between them. ) In addition to the epicenter information calculation unit 52 for calculating c, a seismic intensity distribution estimation unit 53,
A damage estimation unit 54 and a support information display device 55 are provided.

The seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 53 has a function of estimating a wide area seismic intensity distribution d from the epicenter information c obtained by the epicenter information calculating unit 52 by a distance attenuation formula in consideration of the ground structure (attenuation characteristics) in the area. I have. The damage estimation unit 54
Since it is considered that the earthquake damage increases in proportion to the seismic intensity, it has a function of calculating a damage estimation result e (for example, the number of casualties or the number of building collapses) in the area from the seismic intensity distribution d. The support information display device 55 outputs the damage estimation result e, the support information f such as the necessity of the establishment of the disaster countermeasure headquarters, and the number of initial workers. Therefore, the person in charge of disaster prevention establishes an initial dynamic based on the support information f.

[0008]

Accordingly, the above-mentioned earthquake damage countermeasure support device has a problem that it takes a lot of processing time from the occurrence of an earthquake to the output of support information. The causes are the traditional phase detection section 51, hypocenter information calculation section 52, and seismic intensity distribution estimation section 5 which are premised on calculating accurate epicenter information (epicenter location, transmission time, magnitude).
3, the calculation algorithm is complicated. For example, the phase detection unit 51 needs to use a statistical method such as an autoregressive model, and the epicenter information calculation unit 52 needs to solve simultaneous equations by convergence calculation in order to calculate epicenter information. Further, since the seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 53 calculates the ground characteristics (attenuation characteristics) in the area while referring to the database, it takes a very long time.

By the way, it can be said that what is important for the administrative disaster prevention staff is not the accurate epicenter information but the damage estimation result obtained immediately. The algorithm for damage estimation is often represented by a function formula statistically obtained from past earthquake damage. As a result, the formula for estimating the damage of a certain earthquake in the past is used, so it is unlikely to apply to the damage of other earthquakes. In other words, no matter how accurate the hypocenter information is, it is difficult to accurately calculate the damage estimation result.

[0010] Therefore, it is not advisable to spend processing time to accurately calculate the epicenter information. Rather, it is necessary to obtain damage estimation results as soon as possible while allowing some errors, and to establish the initial dynamics. It is important for disaster prevention officers.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides an earthquake damage countermeasure support device capable of shortening the processing time from the occurrence of an earthquake to outputting support information and immediately establishing the initial dynamics after the occurrence of an earthquake. It is in.

[0012]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides seismic observation devices at a plurality of observation points, calculates a measured seismic intensity from acceleration or speed, and calculates the measured seismic intensity, acceleration or speed. Is sent to the support apparatus main body. When receiving the measured seismic intensity from the seismic observation device, the main body of the supporting device is a seismic intensity distribution estimating means for estimating the seismic intensity distribution in the area from the measured seismic intensity using, for example, Voronoi diagram, and Estimation means for estimating the damage situation in the area, and a support information display device for displaying the damage situation in the area estimated by the damage estimation means, while, when receiving acceleration or speed, the seismic intensity distribution A configuration is provided in front of the estimating means that a measured seismic intensity calculating means for calculating a measured seismic intensity from acceleration or velocity is provided to the seismic intensity distribution estimating means.

Therefore, by taking the above measures, the seismic intensity measured by the seismic observation devices at a plurality of observation points installed in the local government and the like is calculated and transmitted to the main body of the support device such as a disaster prevention center. , The seismic intensity distribution estimation means
Since the seismic intensity distribution in the area is estimated using Voronoi diagrams,
The phase detection unit and hypocenter calculation unit that perform complicated calculation processing like the conventional one can be deleted, the processing time from the occurrence of an earthquake to the output of support information can be significantly reduced, and the initial dynamics after an earthquake can be quickly established. Thus, it is possible to prevent disasters from spreading.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In recent years, the maintenance of seismic observation networks has been rapidly advanced, and the number of places where seismic observation devices are installed by local governments has increased. Therefore, most local governments can obtain seismic intensity values from seismic observation devices installed at a plurality of locations.

Therefore, if these seismic observation devices are used effectively, it is not necessary to calculate the hypocenter location as in the past and then to estimate the seismic intensity distribution, and the seismic intensity value of the seismic observation device can be calculated at that point. Because the seismic intensity is accurately expressed, it is more accurate than the seismic intensity value by the conventional estimation calculation.

Therefore, the apparatus of the present invention is realized in order to effectively utilize the earthquake observation apparatus, omit the calculation of the epicenter and the epicenter information, and quickly establish the initial dynamics. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of an earthquake damage countermeasure support device according to the present invention.

This support device is installed at a plurality of places in each local government, etc., and records an earthquake data such as a velocity or an acceleration when an earthquake occurs, and calculates a measured seismic intensity g.
A seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 11, a damage estimating unit 12, and a support information display device 13, which are provided in a disaster prevention center or a similar center. The seismic intensity distribution is calculated based on the measured seismic intensity transmitted from the earthquake observation device 1. The support apparatus main body 10 performs processing after the estimation.

The seismic intensity distribution estimating section 11 estimates a wide area seismic intensity h from the measured seismic intensity g transmitted from the seismic observation device 1 by using a distance attenuation formula or the like in consideration of the ground structure (attenuation characteristic) in the area. Has the ability to Since the damage estimation unit 12 is considered to increase the earthquake damage in proportion to the measured seismic intensity, a function for calculating the estimated damage i in the area (for example, the number of casualties and the number of collapsed buildings) from the seismic intensity distribution h. Have. The support information display device 13 displays the damage estimation result i, support information j such as the necessity of the establishment of the disaster response headquarters, and the number of initial workers, so that the person in charge of disaster prevention can establish the initial dynamics.

Next, the operation of the apparatus configured as described above will be described. First, when an earthquake occurs, the earthquake observation device 1
Measured seismic intensity g by recording seismic data such as speed or acceleration
Is calculated. For the calculation of the measured seismic intensity, for example, an old calculation method disclosed by the Japan Meteorological Agency and a new calculation method which is an improvement of the old calculation method are used. By the way,
The result obtained by the old calculation method is called seismic intensity, and the result obtained by the new calculation method is called measured seismic intensity instead of seismic intensity to distinguish it from the old one.

The old calculation method of the seismic intensity is represented by I = 2 · log (a) + 0.7 + log (k · T) (1) Here, I: seismic intensity (rounded to an integer value. However, when the right side is less than 0.5, I = 6 when I = 0.5 or more), a: acceleration (gal = cm / s
ec ² ), T: cycle (sec, tentatively 0.1 to 1 sec)
c), k: coefficient.

The features of this old calculation method are that it is made to match the bodily sensation as much as possible, that the calculated seismic intensity has meaning only in the integer part, that the seismic intensity 7 is not calculated, and that only the horizontal movement It does not consider vertical movement.

On the other hand, a new calculation method of the measured seismic intensity is represented by I = 2 · log (a) + logT + (0.7 + logk) (2) This is because the range of the period of the seismic motion used for calculating the seismic intensity was extended to the longer period side in consideration of the correlation with the building damage. In addition, the duration is considered so that the value of the measured seismic intensity can be handled in a continuous amount. In the past, the seismic intensity was calculated for each component, but this is handled in a vector amount.

The seismic intensity measured by the above equation (2) is calculated for each of the three acceleration recording components (two horizontal movement components and one vertical movement component) in the following procedure. (A). Fourier transform processing: Fourier transform is performed on the acceleration obtained for each component to calculate a spectrum. (B). Filter processing: The following three types of filter processing 1, 2, 2,
Execute 3.

A. Filter processing 1 corresponding to the second term on the right side of the above equation (2) Filter processing 1: (1 / F) ^1/2 (3) b. High cut filter processing 2 Filter processing 2: 1 / (1 + 0.694 · y ² + 0.241 · y ⁴ + 0.0557 · y ⁶ + 0.009664 · y ⁸ +0.0013 4 · y ¹⁰ + 0.000155 · y ¹² ) ^{1 / 2} … (4) c. Low-pass filter processing 3 Filter processing 3: [1-exp {-(F / 0.5) ³ }] ^1/2 (5) In the above equation, F: frequency [Hz], and y = F / 10. (C). Inverse Fourier transform processing: The spectrum obtained by the filter processing is subjected to inverse Fourier transform to obtain a filtered acceleration waveform. (D). Vector synthesis processing: The obtained acceleration waveforms of the three filtered recording components are synthesized vectorwise. (E). Amplitude determination processing: When the total time during which the absolute value of the vector composite waveform is equal to or greater than a certain value x is calculated, x is calculated such that the sum becomes just 0.3 sec. (F). Calculation of measured seismic intensity: Measured seismic intensity I is obtained using x as described above. That is, after calculating the measured seismic intensity from I = 2 log x + 0.94 (6), the measured seismic intensity is transmitted to the support apparatus main body 10.

Here, the seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 11 of the support apparatus main body 10 uses a distance attenuation formula or the like in consideration of the ground structure (attenuation characteristic) in the area from the measured seismic intensity g transmitted from the earthquake observation device 1. Estimate the seismic intensity distribution h over a wide area.

The seismic intensity distribution is estimated using a Voronoi diagram (Advanced Electronics Series II-2, Computational Geometry, pp. 15-20 by Atsuyoshi Sugihara, published by Baifukan).

This Voronoi diagram defines a geometric problem for determining the area of each seismic intensity. Specifically, R is a set of all real numbers. Two real pairs (x,
The y) is regarded as a coordinate on a plane, equate the plane a set R ² of the whole of such pair form. A set of a finite number of points specified on the plane is defined as P = {p1, p2,..., Pn}. 2
Assuming that the Euclid distance of the point p, q is d (p, q), the area V (pi) is represented by the following equation.

[0028]

(Equation 1)

However, V (pi) is a region formed by all points on the plane having the property that "the distance to pi is smaller than the distance to other points belonging to P". Therefore, the above equation (7) can be rewritten as follows.

[0030]

(Equation 2)

Since the curly braces on the right side of the above equation are half spaces bounded by the perpendicular bisector of the line segment pi-pj, their common part, V (pi), is a convex polygon. ｛V (p1), V (p2),
.., V (pn)} gives the division of the plane. This division is called a Voronoi diagram for P, and is represented by Voor (p). A point belonging to P is called a Voronoi diagram generating point.

This Voronoi diagram is obtained by distributing the plane to the generating point having the greatest influence, considering that the closer the position is, the greater the influence is. It can be interpreted as a diagram showing the distribution of power at the generating point. it can.

Now, assuming that the plane R ² expressed by the above equation (8) is an earthquake observation area and p, pi, pj are installation points of the earthquake observation apparatus 1, the Voronoi region V (pi) represented by a convex polygon Indicates the range of influence of the earthquake observation device 1 (i).

Therefore, the seismic intensity distribution based on the Voronoi diagram is calculated as follows, and is conceptually shown in FIG. That is, the calculation method is as follows: (1) By connecting the adjacent earthquake observation devices 1 with a straight line, for example, by a dotted line in the drawing, and drawing a perpendicular bisector, each area on the plane can be divided and determined. (2) The area of the solid line surrounded by the perpendicular bisector is considered to be the same as the seismic intensity measured by the seismic observation device included therein.

Thus, the seismic intensity distribution h in each area can be estimated. However, this estimation is a principle, and the seismic intensity distribution can be changed by weighting, for example, in consideration of the situation in each area as described later.

After the seismic intensity distribution h is estimated as described above, the damage estimating unit 12 considers that the seismic damage is proportional to the measured seismic intensity, and calculates the damage estimation result i in the area from the estimated seismic intensity distribution h. calculate. The damage estimation result i in this area is calculated based on the density of buildings in the area, the state of the ground of the land, the number of wooden houses, etc. Whether or not it is necessary to set up a countermeasure headquarters, how many personnel are required, the number of fire trucks, and the like are stored, and the result i of estimated damage in the area for each seismic intensity distribution h.

Therefore, when the seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 11 estimates the seismic intensity distribution h, the damage estimating unit 12 extracts the damage estimation result i in the area based on the seismic intensity distribution h and displays it on the support information display device 13. I do.

Therefore, according to the above-described embodiment, the phase detector 51 and the epicenter information calculator 52 of the conventional device can be deleted, and the seismic intensity distribution can be estimated based on the measured seismic intensity g transmitted from the seismic observation device 1. Since the unit 11 estimates and calculates the seismic intensity distribution h in the area using the Voronoi diagram, the processing time from the occurrence of the earthquake to the output of the support information can be greatly reduced, and the initial dynamics of the government can be immediately established.

Next, another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention will be described. (1) If the weight is set in advance for each seismic observation device 1 based on the past measurement results and the strength of the local ground, Vo
If the vertical bisector for region division when estimating the seismic intensity distribution h in the area using the ronoi diagram is translated by the weighting, the seismic intensity distributions of A to F shown in FIG. Can be changed.

For example, if the weight of the earthquake observation point A is set to 1.0 and the weight of the earthquake observation point B is set to 0.5, the area division between these two earthquake observation points will not be bisected as shown in FIG. Since the area is divided according to the weight ratio, that is, the ratio of 2: 1, in this case, the area of the seismic intensity A expands to the area of the seismic intensity B.

Thus, the seismic intensity distribution can be estimated while indirectly considering the influence of the reliability of the signal of each earthquake observation point, the difference in ground, and the like. (2) In the apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, a measurement seismic intensity calculator 14 is newly added to the support device main body 10 in the disaster prevention center, and the acceleration a observed by the earthquake observation device 1 'is added. The calculated seismic intensity g may be calculated based on the calculated seismic intensity g, and the obtained measured seismic intensity g may be sent to the seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 11. (3) Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. Differentiation may be converted into acceleration a, the measured seismic intensity g may be calculated from the acceleration a, and the obtained measured seismic intensity g may be sent to the seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 11.

The reason for adopting the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is that, for example, when the already installed earthquake observation device 1 ′ is configured to measure the acceleration a or the speed, the existing earthquake observation device 1 ′ is effective. There are advantages that can be reasoned.

[0043]

As described above, according to the present invention, the seismic intensity distribution in the area is estimated from the seismic intensity measured by the seismic observation device based on the seismic wave, so that the processing time from the occurrence of the earthquake to the output of the support information is reduced. Significant reductions can be made to quickly establish the initial dynamics of the government, thus minimizing earthquake damage.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an earthquake damage countermeasure support device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for estimating a seismic intensity distribution in an area from a measured seismic intensity using a Voronoi diagram.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional earthquake damage countermeasure support device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 1 '... seismic observation device 10 ... support device body 11 ... seismic intensity distribution estimating unit 12 ... damage estimating unit 13 ... support information display device 14 ... measured seismic intensity calculating unit

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A seismic observation device which is installed at a plurality of observation points and calculates a measured seismic intensity from earthquake data, and a support device which is installed at a center side for disaster prevention and takes in a measured seismic intensity transmitted from the earthquake observation device. A main body, the main body of the support device, a seismic intensity distribution estimating means for estimating a seismic intensity distribution from the measured seismic intensity, a damage estimating means for estimating a damage situation in the area from the seismic intensity distribution, and an estimating means using the damage estimating means. And a support information display device for displaying a damage situation in a designated area. 2. A seismic observation device installed at a plurality of observation points and transmitting acceleration data or velocity data, and a support installed at a center for disaster prevention to capture acceleration or velocity transmitted from the earthquake observation device. A main body of the support apparatus, the main body of the support apparatus has a seismic intensity calculating means for calculating a measured seismic intensity from the acceleration or the velocity, and a seismic intensity distribution estimating means for estimating a seismic intensity distribution from the measured seismic intensity calculated by the measured seismic intensity calculating means. And a damage estimating means for estimating a damage situation in the area from the seismic intensity distribution, and a support information display device for displaying the damage situation in the area estimated by the damage estimating means. Support equipment. 3. The earthquake damage countermeasure support device according to claim 1, wherein the seismic intensity distribution estimating means estimates a seismic intensity distribution in the area using a Voronoi diagram. 4. The seismic intensity distribution estimating means sets a weight in advance for each seismic intensity observation device, and generates a vertical bisector for area division when estimating an intra-regional seismic intensity distribution using a Voronoi diagram. The earthquake damage countermeasure support device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seismic intensity distribution in the area is estimated by performing parallel movement according to the weight ratio.