JPH11291754A - Component member for translucent part of cabin, etc., in construction machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To safely improve visibility, and to reduce weight by forming a light transmissive transparent body by laminating/compounding plastic and glass. SOLUTION: A a component member 1 for translucent part is formed by laminating a plastic plate 3 on a glass pane 2 having a required thickness, and the light transmissive part constituting member 1 is formed as a laminated composite material by integrating the thermoplastic resin as an adhesive 4 by performing compression molding by pressurizing/injecting a transparent thermoplastic resin into the clearance part between both of them by inserting the glass pane 2 and the plastic plate 3 in layers in a compression molding mold. A polycarbonate plate is adopted as the plastic plate 3, and a thermoplastic polyurethane resin is used as the thermoplastic resin being the adhesive 4. In the case of being used in the translucent part of a skylight of a cabin of a construction machine, when the glass pane 2 is installed on a roof of the cabin as the surface, a driver in the cabin can easily visually confirm a movement of a shovel, so that workability can be improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention mainly protects a driver of a construction machine, secures visibility at the time of work and safety against a flying object from outside, and enables safe and comfortable driving operation. The present invention relates to a light transmitting section constituting member such as a cabin of a construction machine having a function to perform the above.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator or a breaker, for example, during excavation work by a hydraulic excavator, when excavated earth and sand is picked up and loaded on a dump truck, etc. Some of the earth and sand scooped from inside the shovel may fall on the cabin. Occasionally, rocks scooped by a shovel overflow and fall during the movement. For this reason, tempered glass or laminated glass is generally used for the skylight provided on the ceiling of the cabin. Also, a plastic window material may be used. In addition, measures have been taken to protect the vehicle by attaching a metal head guard to the upper part of the skylight so as to be safe against falling objects as described above.

As an example of such a cabin skylight protection means, as shown in FIG.
A metal guard 102 formed in a lattice shape so as to cover the entire ceiling of the ceiling window 100 is provided so that the skylight 101 is protected. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9B, there is known a guard 103 having a structure in which a plurality of metal rods having an appropriate diameter can be juxtaposed and attached on the upper side of a skylight 101.

Also, a guard is provided on the front glass 105 of the cabin 100 as a means for preventing crushed pieces such as relatively small rocks crushed during excavation work from scattering and coming apart. ing. In this case, although not shown in the drawings, a measure is taken such that a perforated plate made of a metal such as a punching metal is arranged on the front of the cabin to protect the flying object in front of the glass surface.

[0005] In addition, a plastic plate is generally used for a window provided on the side of a driver's seat of a construction machine or the like in order to ensure visibility and safety during work. Some machines use tempered or laminated glass.

On the other hand, in the cabin window,
For emergency evacuation, measures have been taken to break the rear window with a hammer or the like so that the driver can get out of the cabin. For this reason, it is indispensable to use tempered glass for the rear window, which can be easily broken with a hammer or the like and which can secure safety in normal times.

[0007]

However, arranging the above guards above the skylights or providing them in front of the windshield impairs visibility and deteriorates visibility. . For this reason, the driver must perform work while looking into the outside from the gap of the guard, and there is a problem that workability is significantly reduced. In particular, when a metal perforated plate with a low aperture ratio is attached in front of the front glass, it is necessary to sew a small gap to judge the external situation, making it extremely difficult to perform the work. When the sunlight is received from behind the vehicle, the sunlight is reflected on the perforated plate surface, and it is very difficult for the driver to see the front surface. There is a problem that it cannot be cut. As a result, there is a danger, but remove the guard to improve visibility,
You are in a situation of doing work.

[0008] Another problem with the above-mentioned guard installation is that in the case of a skylight with a head guard, rust of the guard adheres to the glass surface during long-term use, not only impairing the visibility, but also the adhesion. There is a problem that labor is required to remove the rust.

[0009] For this reason, even if the guard is omitted, the tempered glass has a high strength when a relatively large object is dropped, and rarely breaks. However, an object having a sharp angle (for example, crushed and sharpened) Rock masses with horns) are known to break easily. In the case of laminated glass, although it is early until the glass is cracked, scattering of the glass at the time of breakage is suppressed and the glass is relatively safe.
(At 10 ° C. or less), the physical properties are deteriorated, and the penetration resistance is insufficient. In addition, since the glass laminate is used, it is heavy and requires reinforcement of the mounting portion and the like. In addition, plastics have another problem that the surface is easily damaged by falling or adhering of dust and crushed powder of rocks, which deteriorates visibility.

When a plastic plate is used for a side window in a cabin, a hard coat or the like is often used for the surface of the cabin. If wiping or the like is performed in rainy weather, the surface is easily scratched and the surface becomes white with time, resulting in poor visibility. The use of tempered glass or laminated glass reduces scratches, but the glass itself is heavy, and the large side glass can be quite heavy. Energy loss also increases.

For this reason, there is a danger that the driver may be harmed in a situation where the operating portion of the working device moves near the driver's seat when the window member (glass) of the side window is removed.

Further, in the case of escaping through a window at the time of emergency evacuation, breaking the glass with a hammer or the like and escaping may be dangerous because fragments of the glass scatter. Therefore,
When installing a removable window glass, heavy tempered glass or laminated glass may loosen due to vibration during operation of the machine, acceleration of turning operation, etc. If it is firmly fixed, the fixed part may be broken or partially damaged by vibration in a window glass having no sash. In addition, there is a problem such as difficulty in handling due to the weight of the glass when removed.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and uses a composite member made of glass and plastic as a constituent material of a cabin of a construction machine that requires translucency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a light-transmitting portion constituting member that is safe, has good visibility, and can be reduced in weight.

[0014]

Means for Solving the Problems and Functions / Effects In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a light transmitting part constituting member such as a cabin in a construction machine according to the present invention transmits light by laminating and combining plastic and glass. It is characterized by being a transparent body to be made.

According to the light-transmitting component of the present invention configured as described above, by combining a plastic material to be combined with glass with a transparent material having a high impact resistance and a high mechanical strength, it can be protected from external influences. It is possible to secure the impact resistance, penetration resistance, and visibility with respect to the flying object, and it is possible to protect the light transmitting portion of the cabin from the flying object without providing a guard. In addition, by attaching the glass layer side of the composite (transparent body) to the cabin with the outer side facing the outside, the abrasion resistance of the flying object against the outer side can be increased, and the visibility can be prevented from lowering. This has the effect of improving the performance. Further, by combining, it is possible to exhibit the above-mentioned functions and effects, and to protect the inferior weather resistance and ultraviolet light resistance peculiar to plastic with a surface glass, thereby improving the durability.

In the present invention, the plastic to be laminated and compounded is preferably polycarbonate. Alternatively, the plastic to be laminated and composited is preferably methacrylate. In this way, transparency can be maintained and impact resistance,
The penetration resistance can be secured, and the inside of the cabin can be protected from falling objects and flying objects. In addition, the weight of the light-transmitting member can be reduced, and the entire cabin can be reduced. It has the effect of contributing. When opening and closing,
The effect of facilitating handling by weight reduction is also obtained.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the plastic is polycarbonate having at least one surface provided with a hard coat, and the hard coat surface is provided on an outer surface. By doing so, the hard-coated polycarbonate is disposed on the indoor side of the laminate, and the hard coat layer is not damaged even when wiping for removing the fogging in the room, and even when ultraviolet rays are reflected and hit from the indoor side. Therefore, ultraviolet ray deterioration can be prevented. Also, even in the event of an accident that could cause damage, if the inside of the room is polycarbonate, there will be no debris in the glass layer and no scattering of fine powder of glass, so it should have a role to protect the driver's seat safely. Can be.

Preferably, the transparent body has an intermediate adhesive layer between glass and plastic. By interposing an adhesive layer at the interface between the two layers when forming a transparent laminated composite, two layers having different properties are integrated and no air gap is formed in the middle, so that irregular reflection of light can be prevented and a decrease in transparency can be prevented. At the same time, it is possible to obtain the effect of preventing the materials having different physical properties of glass and plastic from individually changing depending on the atmosphere. Further, it is preferable that the transparent body is a combination of glass-plastic-glass and has an intermediate adhesive layer between glass-plastic. In this case, both the inner and outer surfaces are made of glass, so that the scratch resistance is enhanced, which is more effective for use in a place with a lot of dust. Moreover, since the plastic layer is confined by glass, external effects are reduced and durability is increased.
Heat insulation is improved, and the effect of air conditioning can be obtained more efficiently.

It is preferable that the intermediate adhesive layer is a thermoplastic polyurethane resin. By joining using such a resin, a transparent laminate of glass and plastic can be obtained while maintaining transparency. Further, it is preferable that the plastic of the laminated composite material constituting the transparent body is colored so as to block a part of the light beam. Since the plastics thus composited can be colored, for example, if a color that can absorb heat rays is given, it can be used to reduce a rise in temperature in the cabin. In addition, if coloring that can absorb ultraviolet rays is given, the driver can be protected from ultraviolet rays.

The transparent body made of the laminated composite material as described above is used for the front surface of a cabin or a skylight to improve visibility and to secure safety by penetration resistance to a flying object and abrasion resistance. It can be used as a side window and has visibility, as well as penetration resistance to external impacts such as contact with foreign substances accompanying the turning operation, so that the driver can be protected safely. In addition, since the outer surface is made of a scratch-resistant glass surface, whitening does not occur due to wiping during cleaning due to flying objects and dust, so visibility is not impaired, and work efficiency is improved even in dusty work sites. There is no drop.

[0021] Further, the weight of the window component is reduced, whereby the occurrence of loss or loosening in the fixing portion of the window component due to mechanical vibration can be prevented, and the weight of the window component at the time of emergency escape can be reduced. Thereby, the handling of the worker becomes easy. Furthermore, if it is used for a door, by reducing the weight, the influence of the inertial mass can be reduced in addition to the above effects, the vibration of the door can be reduced during the operation when the door is opened, and the door mounting mechanism can be reduced in accordance with the weight reduction. An inexpensive structure can be obtained. In addition, since the window can be reduced in weight, it can be prevented from falling off due to vibration as described above, and as a secondary effect, it can be weighed so that the driver can remove it with one hand. Will be helpful. Furthermore, the use of a plastic laminated composite material having a damper effect has an effect of improving sound insulation performance and preventing engine radiation noise from entering the cabin.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a specific embodiment of a light transmitting portion constituting member such as a cabin in a construction machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged sectional view of an embodiment showing the structure of a light transmitting portion constituting member according to the present invention.

The light transmitting portion constituting member 1 shown in FIG. 1 is formed by laminating a plastic plate 3 on a glass plate 2 having a required thickness. The transparent member 1 is compression-molded by press-injecting a transparent thermoplastic resin into a gap between the glass plate 2 and the plastic plate 3 inserted in a compression mold. By doing so, the thermoplastic resin becomes the adhesive layer 4 and is integrated, thereby forming a laminated composite material.

As the plastic plate 3 used here, a polycarbonate plate (hereinafter, denoted by reference numeral 3 as a plastic plate for explanation) is employed. A thermoplastic polyurethane resin is used as a thermoplastic resin serving as an adhesive layer 4 (corresponding to the intermediate adhesive layer of the present invention) for integrally joining the polycarbonate plate 3 and the glass plate 2 together.

The transparent member 1 thus formed is made of a transparent material, and the glass plate 2 and the polycarbonate plate 3 are tightly formed by the adhesive layer 4 made of thermoplastic polyurethane resin. Therefore, the three members are configured as a laminate while maintaining their transparency. As an example of the thickness of each material constituting the laminate, a glass plate 2 having a thickness of about 2 to 3 mm and a polycarbonate plate 3 having a thickness of about 6 to 8 mm are used. 4 is finished to about 1 mm.

The material 1 for translucent parts obtained in this way is used as a material for window parts such as front windows, side windows, skylights and rear windows of a cabin in construction machines (mainly construction vehicles) such as hydraulic excavators and breakers. Used for optical parts. For example, when used in a light-transmitting part of a skylight, the glass plate 2 is mounted on the roof of the cabin with the glass plate 2 side facing the surface. If you do this,
Since the translucent member 1 is transparent, the driver in the cabin can easily see the movement even when the shovel is lifted and moved, for example, as compared with the case where a conventional head guard is provided. Workability is remarkably improved. That is, even if a fallen object such as crushed rocks handled during the operation hits the skylight and the surface glass plate 2 is damaged, the polycarbonate plate 3 of the inner layer is temporarily displaced inward. The vehicle can be quickly restored from the state where the vehicle is running, endure the impact, and safely protect the driver in the cabin. In short, safety can be ensured by providing resistance to penetration by falling objects.

Incidentally, the results of a comparison test of the composite material of the glass plate 2 and the polycarbonate plate 3 as the light-transmitting portion constituting member 1 with respect to the penetration energy with the conventional laminated glass and tempered glass are shown. As shown in FIG. The data of each specimen used in this test is as follows. Specimen configuration: Transparent part constituting member of this example: Plate thickness 6.8 mm Polycarbonate 3 mm, adhesive layer 0.8 mm, glass 3
mm Laminated glass: Plate thickness 6.8 mm Glass 3 mm, adhesive layer 0.8 mm, glass 3 mm Tempered glass: Plate thickness 6 mm Test conditions: Support glass test specimen (opening approx. φ100)
, And the energy required to drop a falling weight (tip 15 mmR) and penetrate it was measured (test temperature: 20).
° C) ◇ Test results: The transmissive member of this example (indicated by PC / glass in the figure) is about twice as large as the laminated glass of the conventional product.
It was found to have about 20 times the penetration resistance of tempered glass.

As described above, the light-transmitting portion constituting member 1 according to the present embodiment has penetration resistance and is transparent, so that a guard such as a skylight in the cabin can be omitted. In addition, there is an advantage that it is easy to reduce the weight of the vehicle as well as to improve the workability. Further, the light transmitting portion constituting member 1 according to the present embodiment is excellent in impact resistance at low temperature by integrating the polycarbonate plate 3 with the glass plate 2 by the adhesive layer 4 made of thermoplastic polyurethane resin. Becomes

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged sectional view of another embodiment of the light transmitting portion constituting member. This light transmitting part constituting member 1
A is obtained by applying a hard coat layer 5 to the outer surface of the polycarbonate plate 3 in the light transmitting portion constituting member 1 described above.
Therefore, the same parts as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As described above, in the light transmitting portion constituting member 1A in which the hard coat layer 5 is provided on the surface of the polycarbonate plate 3,
By arranging the light-transmitting portion constituting member of the window such that the hard coat layer 5 is located on the indoor side, even if it is wiped to remove fogging in the room, the surface is not damaged and the transparency can be maintained. . In addition, even when ultraviolet rays are reflected and hit from the indoor side, the hard coat layer 5 protects, so that the deterioration of the ultraviolet rays can be prevented and the window constituting material can withstand long-term use. In addition, even if an accident such as breakage occurs, since the interior side is the polycarbonate plate 3, there is no flying of delamination pieces in the glass layer or broken pieces of glass, and safety is maintained.

Further, the polycarbonate coated with the hard coat shows scratch resistance close to that of glass although it is inferior to glass in terms of scratch resistance. Therefore, TABER on the polycarbonate surface of the laminated glass, the laminate of the polycarbonate and the glass, and the hard coat polycarbonate surface of the laminate of the hard-coated polycarbonate and the glass.
FIG. 4 shows the results of the abrasion test. The data of the specimens used in this test are as follows. Specimen composition: Transparent part of this example: Dimensions 100 mm x 100 mm Sample laminated glass (glass / interlayer / glass) Polycarbonate / glass laminate (untreated polycarbonate / interlayer / glass) Hard-coated polycarbonate / glass laminate (Double-sided hard-coated polycarbonate / interlayer / glass) Test conditions: JIS R 3212 (Test method for safety glass for automobiles) Load 500g Rotation speed 1000rpm Wear wheel hardness 721RHD Sample glass surface polycarbonate surface hard-coated polycarbonate surface Was worn with a rotary wear wheel. Test result: As a result of judgment based on the change in cloudiness (haze) before and after the test, the change in haze due to abrasion was 0.9% for glass, 8.6% for hard-coated polycarbonate, and untreated polycarbonate. However, in the order of 46.1%, it was hard to be damaged.

With respect to the plastic plate 3 constituting the light transmitting portion constituting member 1 or 1A, the same function and effect as those described above can be obtained by using methacrylate (PMMA acrylic resin) instead of the polycarbonate. .

As shown in FIG. 5, the light transmitting portion constituting member 1B according to the present invention comprises two glass plates 2,
A plastic plate 3 (for example, a plate of polycarbonate or methacrylate (PMMA acrylic resin)) is interposed between the two, and an adhesive layer 4 made of a thermoplastic resin having transparency at each joint, for example, a thermoplastic polyurethane resin is compressed. It is possible to adopt a configuration in which the members are integrally formed by injection molding by molding.

In the light transmitting portion constituting member 1B thus formed, the inner and outer surfaces are the glass plates 2, so that even if dust or the like adheres to the surface, it is hard to be scratched, and the light transmitting property is not lost. It is suitable for use in windows of construction vehicles used in many places. In addition, since the plastic plate 3 having impact resistance and penetration resistance is interposed as an intermediate layer, the entire structure is not broken and crushed even when it receives an external impact, and the light transmitting portion such as a cabin is formed. Member 1B
Thus, it is possible to prevent an obstacle such as a driver at a place surrounded by the obstacle from being hindered.

Further, in such a three-layer structure light-transmitting member 1B, the plastic plate 3 is provided on both the inner and outer surfaces of the glass plate 2B.
As a result, the glass plate protects the poor weather resistance and ultraviolet light resistance characteristic of the plastic plate 3, thereby providing excellent durability. Moreover, since the plastic plate 3 can be colored, a function of lowering the transmittance of ultraviolet rays and heat rays can be easily added, the heat insulating property is enhanced, and the acoustic damping effect of the composite structure is obtained, so that the inside of the cabin can be obtained. For example, it is possible to efficiently and inexpensively improve the environmental resistance in the cabin, for example, by lowering the noise level in the cabin.

Further, since the light transmitting portion constituting member 1B is a glass plate 2 on both front and back sides as described above, when used as a front glass of a cabin, for example, a wiper can be attached to wipe off dust and the like. Such a configuration can be easily achieved. Moreover, even if a wiper for wiping both the inner and outer surfaces simultaneously is provided as required, there is no problem at all, and there is an effect that it can be used conveniently.

The light-transmitting portion constituting members 1, 1A, 1B of the present embodiment having the above-mentioned functions are not only skylights and windshields but also window portions formed around the cabin according to the conditions of the construction machine. Can be used for the light-transmitting part. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the translucent member is provided on a front window 12 or a side window 15 or a rear window 16 provided on a front glass 12 or a roof 13 of a driver's seat 11 in a cabin 10 of a power shovel. 1, 1A or 1B can be used. By doing so, the visibility of the driver during driving can be ensured, and at the same time, the driver can be protected from flying objects.

Further, a portion, such as the rear window 16, which needs to be escaped in an emergency, is provided with the light transmitting portion constituting member 1 or 1.
By using a lightweight member like A, and incorporating a mechanism that allows the window to be opened with one touch from the inside, it is possible to prevent falling off due to vibration etc. as a window component during normal times, and in an emergency The lock portion and the like can be operated and opened with one hand to facilitate escape to the outside.

Alternatively, the door 1 at the entrance of the cabin 10
If the above-mentioned light-transmitting portion constituting member 1, 1A or 1B is adopted for the light-transmitting portion in 7, the weight can be reduced, and the cost is reduced by simplifying the support structure of the door 17 and the lock structure when opened. be able to. Of course, when the operation is performed with the door closed by the damping effect of plastic, an effect is obtained which is useful for reducing resonance due to mechanical vibration from the engine and the like and reducing the driver's feeling of fatigue.

The translucent member 1, 1A or 1B is, for example, a driver's seat 1 in a cab 10A of a small excavator (mini excavator) as shown in FIG.
Each can be used for the side window 15a of 1A and the skylight 14a provided in the head guard 13a. By doing so, the visibility of the driver during driving can be ensured, and at the same time, the driver can be protected from flying objects.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a cab 10B in another type of mini excavator. In such a cab 10B, the cab 10B is provided at a rear portion thereof to protect a driver together with a head guard 17. The transparent component members 1 and 1A are attached to the rear glass 16a attached as described above.
Alternatively, it is possible to secure translucency and to protect from flying objects by using any of 1B.

The light transmitting part constituting member of the present invention is used not only for the above-mentioned construction machine (construction vehicle) but also for a cabin of a construction crane used for construction work of a crane truck or a high-rise building. This is useful for improving the driver's cab environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a light transmitting unit constituting member according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a penetration resistance test between the light transmitting part constituting member according to the present invention and various types of glass.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the light transmitting unit constituting member.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a result of a Taber abrasion test on a light transmitting part constituting member.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the light-transmitting portion constituting member.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are views showing a window portion of a cabin of a power shovel in which the light-transmitting portion constituting member according to the present invention can be employed, wherein FIG. 6A is a perspective view as viewed from a front side, and FIG. It is the perspective view seen.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a cab of a mini-excavator that can employ the light-transmitting portion constituting member according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a cab of a mini shovel that can employ the light transmitting unit constituting member according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a state in which a guard is attached to a skylight of a cabin of a conventional construction machine. FIG. 9 (a) shows a state where a grid-like guard is attached, and FIG. 9 (b) shows a number of metal rods. Those mounted in parallel are shown.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 1A, 1B Light transmitting part constituting member 2 Glass plate 3 Polycarbonate plate 4 Adhesive layer 5 Hard coat layer

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A light-transmitting portion constituting member such as a cabin in a construction machine, wherein the light-transmitting member is a transparent body that transmits light by laminating and combining plastic and glass. 2. The light-transmitting portion constituting member of a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the plastic is polycarbonate. 3. The construction of a light-transmitting portion such as a cabin in a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the plastic is polycarbonate having at least one surface provided with a hard coat, and the hard coat surface is provided on an outer surface. Element. 4. The light-transmitting portion constituting member of a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the plastic is methacrylate. 5. The light-transmitting portion constituting member of a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the transparent body has an intermediate adhesive layer between glass and plastic. 6. The construction of a light-transmitting part such as a cabin in a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the transparent body is a combination of glass, plastic, and glass, and has an intermediate adhesive layer between the glass and plastic. Element. 7. The light transmitting part constituting member of a construction machine according to claim 5, wherein the intermediate adhesive layer is a thermoplastic polyurethane resin. 8. The light-transmitting part such as a cabin in a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the plastic of the laminated composite constituting the transparent body is colored so as to block a part of light rays. Components.