JPH11256665A - Mapping system for river basin control - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To specify a source of pollution quickly so that an adequate countermeasure can be taken at the time when an accident in respect to water quality occurs suddenly in a water source river. SOLUTION: This system has a data base 100, a mapping means 200 which enables representation of a map, a means 300 for extracting a pollution source candidate, a means for simulating flowing-down of pollution from the candidate regarded as a starting point and a means for computing the probability that the pollution source is the cause of an accident, on the basis of the result of the simulation. Based on a small amount of field data, the pollution source can be specified quantitatively with excellent accuracy and it is possible to realize a quick countermeasure to the accident in respect to water quality and reduction of human labor for field investigation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a watershed management mapping system for managing a pollutant load of a water source river by using digital information such as a river flow path and a pollutant load discharge source. Sometimes, the present invention relates to a means for identifying a business establishment that has discharged pollutants causing a water quality accident from among business establishments that apply wastewater standards that handle chemicals that cause water pollution, and a means for mapping and displaying the results.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a water quality accident such as inflow of harmful substances occurs in a water source river, it is necessary to immediately identify the pollution source and take necessary measures. Conventionally, the source of the pollution has been determined by, for example, going upstream from the site where the accident was found (including the downstream area in some cases) and conducting a field survey to analyze the water quality of the river sample water. I have.

In the case of this method, since there is no information for specifying the pollution source other than the results of the field survey, it is necessary to carry out water quality analysis and the like in a wide range and at many places upstream of the river.

[0004]

In the above prior art,
It is necessary to carry out field surveys such as water quality analysis at a large number of places over a wide area, and there is a problem that a great deal of human labor is required to quickly identify a pollution source. In addition, when sufficient personnel for field surveys cannot be secured, there has been a problem that it takes a long time to identify a pollution source.

An object of the present invention is to provide a means for identifying a pollution source from a minimum required field survey result, thereby reducing the labor required for the survey and shortening the time required for the identification of the pollution source. is there.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a database for storing the location of a wastewater standard-applying facility, the type of pollutants handled, and information on the flow path of the river; Extracting the position of the wastewater standard application office located in the river basin upstream of the pollution finding point from the database, and polluting source candidate extracting means for mapping and displaying, and the polluting source candidate extracted by the polluting source candidate extracting means. A pollutant flow-down calculating means for simulating a pollutant flow as a starting point; and data matching between the calculation result simulated by the pollutant-flow calculating means and the field survey result in the river basin, to determine the accuracy of the pollutant source candidate. And a data matching means for displaying the size of the basin so that it can be identified. It is intended. In the system of the present invention, the business establishment which is a candidate of the pollution source is extracted, and the identification of the business establishment where the pollutant has been spilled can be supported by a small number of field survey data. It will be possible to identify the source of matter.

According to the present invention, the pollutant source candidate extracting means may include a position searching means for obtaining a river flow path position which is the shortest distance from the wastewater standard application establishment, and a river flow path position and water quality obtained by the position searching means. A watershed management mapping system is provided, comprising: an upstream determination means for determining which of the pollution detection points is located upstream. This makes it possible to accurately extract the pollution source flowing into the upstream area from the water pollution discovery point.

[0008] Further, the pollutant flow-down calculating means includes a raster calculating means for converting flow-path information of the river stored in the database in a vector format into a raster format and performing a flow-down calculation in raster format data. We propose a basin management mapping system characterized by: Thereby, the target basin can be divided into equal areas and handled, so that the processing of calculation and calculation result display can be easily performed.

Further, the data matching means includes accuracy calculation means for calculating, as accuracy, a reciprocal of a distance between a calculation result simulated by the pollutant downflow calculation means and a data pattern of a field survey result in the river basin. We propose a basin management mapping system characterized by: As a result, it is possible to quantitatively handle the likelihood of whether or not the extracted establishment has discharged pollutants.

[0010] Thus, it is possible to accurately and quickly identify the establishment that has caused the water quality accident with a small number of field survey data without conducting a large-scale field survey as in the conventional method. Becomes

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention relates to a mapping system for managing information on establishments that apply to drainage standards in river basins. In particular, when a water quality accident occurs, pollutants are generated by using a pollutant downflow simulator for rivers. It proposes a method to support the identification of business establishments. Here, the water quality accident is assumed to be a situation in which cyanide or oil or the like from the manufacturing process of a business facility flows out at a concentration higher than an allowable level, which affects the water quality and ecosystem of a tap water source.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an entire configuration of an embodiment in which a watershed management mapping system according to the present invention is applied to a water quality accident countermeasure in a tap water source river. In the basin of the river 5 to be managed, there are a plurality of establishments 10a, 10b, 10
c,... exist. The information related to the river 5 and the wastewater standard application establishment 10 is stored in the basin management mapping system 50. When a water quality accident occurs in the river 5, information such as a field survey result at the water pollution finding point 15 is input to the basin management mapping system 50 via input means such as the keyboard 40. In this case, the input means is not limited to the keyboard 40, but may be a wireless communication means (an information terminal combined with a mobile phone or the like) that can be carried by an investigator who conducts a field survey on the river 5. The watershed management mapping system 50 can display on the CRT 30 a business establishment that may be a pollutant generation source of the water quality accident based on the input information.

The basin management mapping system 50 according to the present invention can be roughly divided into (1) a database 100, (2) a mapping means 200, (3) a pollutant source candidate extracting means 300, (4) a pollutant downflow calculating means 400, and (5) data. And matching means 500. First, a rough flow of specifying a pollution source using the basin management mapping system 50 will be described. The polluting source candidate extracting means 300 refers to the position information of the water pollution finding point 15 inputted from the input means such as the keyboard 40 and the flow path information of the river 5 stored in the database 100 and refers to the water pollution finding point 15. Drainage standard-applicable establishments 10 located in the upstream area are extracted. In the example of FIG. 1, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, 10g, 1
0h corresponds to this. In the next pollutant flow down calculation means 400, a simulation under polluted logistics is performed starting from each of the establishments extracted from the establishments 10 applying the wastewater standards,
Each result is stored as a template for data matching described later. Next data matching means 50
In the case of 0, the similarity between the water quality data under the polluted logistics obtained in the field survey and each template is calculated, the accuracy is given according to the magnitude of the similarity, and the result is output to the mapping means 200. I do. In the mapping means 200, each candidate office is displayed on the CRT 30 together with the basin map in such a format that the difference in accuracy can be identified. This display allows the user of the basin management mapping system 50 to determine at which position in the basin the establishment is the source of the contaminant in the water quality accident. The hardware that implements the basin management mapping system 50 is a computer such as a workstation or a personal computer, and an auxiliary storage device such as a file server is installed as necessary.

Next, details of each component of the watershed management mapping system 50 will be described.

First, the database 100 will be described. FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the database 100 in the present embodiment. Largely, river flow path information 110, establishment information 1
30, field survey information 150, template DB1
70. The river flow path information 110 stores topographical information of the flow path of the target river 5 in a vector format. In the vector format, an object is expressed in units of line segments (or polygons), and information is stored as coordinate data of the line segments. The specific object here is a river embankment line, a waterline, a cross section of a riverbed, and the like. The coordinate data is represented by a coordinate system such as latitude / longitude or UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator). By referring to the river flow path information 110, it is possible to know the river shape, the flow path extension, the junction of the main river / branch, and the like. As a data source, digitized national land numerical information will be used.

As the office information 130, the position coordinates of each office are stored in a site format corresponding to a special case of a vector format. In addition, attribute information of the establishment registered here, for example, information that can grasp how much wastewater including what kind of substance is discharged, such as the type of the establishment, the amount of wastewater, and dangerous substances handled (in the case of the manufacturing industry). Have also saved. These pieces of attribute information are stored in a table format. Data sources include the Census Bureau's census and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry's industrial statistics.

In the field survey information 150, the water quality measurement results surveyed in the river 5 are stored. The measurement results here are for the river 5 including the water pollution discovery point 15
In addition to the sampling results by the investigator at each location, the continuous measurement devices 20a, 20b, 20
Includes measurement data from c, 20d, and 20e. The continuous measuring device 20 includes a water quality sensor such as water temperature, pH, and turbidity, and an oil detector that can detect an oil film based on the reflectance of the water surface.

The template DB 170 stores the polluted flow simulation results calculated by the polluted flow calculation means 400 described later. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the pollutant arrival time and the arrival concentration in the flowing direction of the river are stored as a data set for each assumed case. The result stored here is compared with the contents of the field investigation information 150 by the data matching means 500 described later, and it is determined which assumed case best matches the water quality measurement result in the field. The above is the contents of the database 100 in the present embodiment.

Next, the mapping means 200 will be described. FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the mapping means. When roughly classified, it has a search / display means 220, an input / correction means 240, an editing / storage means 260, and an output means 280 as basic functions. In the search / display means 220, by inputting the address and the name of the target (business establishment, bridge, etc.), the data stored in the database 100 is obtained.
A map including the target can be searched and displayed on the CRT 30. Also, when a river, a business place, or a figure on the map displayed on the screen is designated, the attribute information can be displayed in a window. Conversely, by specifying the attribute information, a search is made for a target that meets the conditions of the attribute information,
It can also be displayed in a format that can be distinguished from others (for example, highlighted). Further, it is desirable to have a hierarchical display, an enlarged / reduced display, a scroll, a zoom-in / out, a highlight / blink display, a grid display, and the like.

The input / correction means 240 can input various data stored in the database 100 interactively or automatically using input devices such as a keyboard 40, a mouse, a digitizer, and a scanner. It is also possible to correct the input data using a similar input device. In the editing / saving means 260, the CR
It provides a function of matching data by correcting the graphic data and the image data displayed at T30 to be at the same position, and a function of storing edited data in a file. It is also possible to manage the history of editing (change information). The output unit 280 outputs the map and the attribute information in the form of a map or a form to an output device such as a plotter or a printer. For the above four measures, CR
A function menu displayed at T30 is prepared, and can be executed by a selection operation from the menu. The above is the description of the mapping means 200.

Next, the pollution source candidate extracting means 300 will be described. The operation of the pollutant source candidate extracting means 300 in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This means, as shown in FIG.
It consists of steps. First, the first water pollution finding point setting means 310 inputs information relating to the water pollution finding point 15. Specifically, the position of the discovery point is specified on a map displayed by the mapping means 200, and the water quality measurement data (what kind of pollutant was at what time and how much concentration) obtained by the field survey are further specified. This is input in the input window. If the necessary data is already stored in the database 100, it can be replaced by a data reading process instead of the interactive input operation.

In the next place preliminary extraction means 330, based on the information inputted by the above-mentioned water pollution discovery point setting means 310, the wastewater standard application place 10 which may be the source is extracted. In this extraction, the business establishments registered in the database 100 are searched under the condition "business establishments handling pollutants detected in the field survey", and a preliminary extraction list is created. This search processing can be performed by the search / display means 220 of the mapping means 200 described above.

The position search means 350 performs a process of obtaining the inflow position into the target river 5 for the business sites included in the preliminary extraction list. Here, as shown in FIG.
It is assumed that the river flow path point R located at the shortest distance from the business establishment G to which attention is paid is the inflow position. Further, the upstream determination means 370 determines which of the water pollution finding point 15 and the inflow position of each business place in the preliminary extraction list is on the upstream side using the information on the flowing direction of the river 5. In the last candidate extraction means 390, the upstream determination means 370 extracts only the establishment having the inflow position upstream of the water pollution discovery point 15, and creates a pollution source candidate list. The information of this list is sent to the mapping means 200. In the mapping means 200, the display symbol is highlighted or blinked so that the establishment in the contamination source candidate list can be distinguished from other establishments.

The operation of the pollutant source candidate extracting means 300 has been described above.

Next, the operation of the pollutant flow down calculating means 400 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. This means
Starting from the business establishment extracted by the pollutant source candidate extracting means 300, a flow-down simulation of pollutants is performed, and the result is output. The simulation result is used by the data matching unit 500, which is the next step, to match the field survey data with the field survey data, and to determine from which office the simulation result best matches the field survey data.

Calculation condition setting means 4 which is the first step
In step 20, the calculation conditions for executing the pollutant flow-down simulation are set. The calculation conditions set here are:
1) a place where the pollutant is assumed to be discharged; 2) a concentration where the pollutant is assumed to be discharged; and 3) a calculation time (or time). The location where the pollutant is assumed to be discharged is set by a menu for designating a part or all of the establishments in the pollutant source candidate list extracted by the pollutant source candidate extracting means 300. In addition to the pollution source candidate list, an arbitrary part can be designated on the map display.

The density assumed to be discharged can be set to an arbitrary value for each designated portion by key input from an input window or selection from a menu. In the setting of the calculation time, the calculation step width (how many minutes each step corresponds) and the number of calculation steps can be arbitrarily set from the input window as in the case of the density setting.

The model setting means 440 sets the type of the pollutant flow-down / diffusion model used in the flow-down simulation. The models are classified into one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional models depending on whether the river width or the depth direction is considered.
The model is classified into a stationary model and an unsteady model depending on whether a time change is considered. Furthermore, they are classified according to whether or not the turbulence and diffusion of the flow are considered. As an example of the model used here, a basic equation of a two-dimensional steady potential flow assuming that a river flow is an incompressible fluid without eddies is shown. The basic equation is composed of two equations: a continuous equation of equation 1 (law of conservation of mass) and a Bernoulli equation (law of conservation of momentum) shown in equation 2.

[0030]

(Equation 1)

Here, x: flow-down coordinate, y: river width-direction coordinate u: flow velocity component in the x direction, v: flow velocity component in the y direction It indicates that the inflow and outflow of water into the region are the same.

[0032]

(Equation 2)

Where g: gravitational acceleration, z: altitude of the riverbed,
h: Water depth β: Coefficient of friction The law of conservation of momentum of Equation 2 means that the inertial force for maintaining the flow velocity of water is determined by the gravitational gradient and the frictional resistance. In the flow analysis by the equations (1) and (2), the advection of pollutants caused by the flow can be calculated. further,
When considering up to the diffusion of pollutants, calculation is performed using Equation 3 including the diffusion term.

[0034]

(Equation 3)

However, C: contaminant concentration, k: diffusion coefficient For other models, well-known technical documents, for example,
"Model analysis of river pollution" (Takao Kunimatsu, Gihodo Shuppan, 1
989). These models are prepared in the polluted flow down calculating means 400 (or a storage area in the computer) as a program executable on a computer constituting the basin management mapping system 50.
The model executing means 460 activates a program using the set various conditions, and executes a flow-down simulation. The execution result output unit 480 stores the result of the flow-down simulation in the template DB 17 in the database 100.
Output to 0. The calculation results are time-series data of the pollutant concentration at each point of the river 5. The point at which the calculation is performed is matched with the data unit classification in the database 100 (mesh unit, vector unit by administrative boundary, target point unit such as environmental reference point or water intake point). The output here is performed in a data format that can be displayed by the mapping means 200. The above is the operation of the pollutant flow down calculating means 400.

Finally, the operation of the data matching means 500 will be described in order with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
This measure calculates the similarity between the flow simulation results assuming various polluting sites and the actual field survey data at the time of the water quality accident. Is determined. The objective is to identify which establishments are the sources of pollution in water quality accidents.

The field survey information reading means 510 in the first step uses the field survey information 150 in the database 100 to convert the field survey data at the time of the water quality accident for identifying the pollution source into a format usable in the subsequent steps. read out. The template DB reading unit 530 also reads the flow-down simulation result calculated by the pollutant flow-down calculation unit 400 from the template DB 170 in the database 100. The data read by these means is used as the next data distance calculation means 550.
Is used to determine the degree of deviation between data patterns (or the degree of similarity).

The inter-data distance calculating means 550 calculates the distance L between the field survey data and each of the flow-down simulation results as shown in FIG. Distance L
As is clear from the definition, the smaller the distance L is,
The degree of similarity between data patterns is high.

[0039]

(Equation 4)

Where, L: distance between data patterns d _i : density deviation between data at point i C _i ^T : simulated flow concentration at point i C _i ^F : field survey density at point i n: number of data points The calculating means 570 calculates the accuracy R for evaluating how likely each business establishment is as a pollution source of a water quality accident, using the distance L calculated by Equation 4. The smaller the deviation from the field survey data is, the more likely the establishment assumed in the flow-down simulation is to be a pollution source of the water quality accident. Therefore, the accuracy R is defined to increase as the distance L decreases. An example of the definition is shown in Expression 5.

[0041]

(Equation 5)

Here, R: the probability that the pollutant generation facility assumed by a certain flow-down simulation is the pollution source of the water quality accident. A, b: constant The function defined by the equation (5) is 0 according to the change of L in the inverse logistic curve. Take the value of 1 from The calculated accuracy is sent to the next result output means 590, from which data is transferred to the mapping means 200. Mapping means 200
Are displayed on the display map in such a format that the accuracy of each office can be visually recognized. As a display format, for example,
A display is used in which the size of the graphic symbol representing the establishment is proportional to the accuracy. Further, as another format, a display in which the magnitude of the accuracy is corresponded by the shade of the display color can be used.

As described above, using the field survey data at the time of the water quality accident and the data of the pollutant runoff simulation, a business facility with a high probability of being a pollution source that caused the accident is extracted, and the magnitude of the probability is determined. It can be displayed on the map in a format that makes it easy to understand. Furthermore, since various attribute information (business name, dangerous goods handled, contact information, etc.) related to the business site displayed on the map can be searched and displayed, it is also possible to efficiently take countermeasures after an accident. It is valid.

The above is an explanation of the configuration and operation in the case where the watershed management mapping system according to the present invention is applied to water quality accident countermeasures in a tap water source river. The present invention can be applied to daily water quality monitoring, watershed data management, and the like, in addition to the above-mentioned countermeasures for sudden water quality accidents. In this case as well, the same effect as in the case of water quality accident countermeasures can be obtained with the same system configuration and operation, except that the purpose of identifying the polluting sources that regularly contribute to water pollution is different. it can.

[0045]

According to the present invention, it is possible to support the identification of establishments that have spilled out pollutants by extracting the establishments that are candidates for the pollution source and then using a small number of field survey data to support the establishment. With the help of labor, the source of pollutants can be quickly identified.

Thus, in the event of a water quality accident,
There is an effect that appropriate accident countermeasures can be performed without performing a large-scale field survey unlike the conventional method.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an entire configuration in a case where the present invention is applied to water quality accident countermeasures in a water source river.

FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of a database.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the contents of a template DB.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a mapping unit.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of a pollution source candidate extraction unit.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method for obtaining a polluted inflow position from a business establishment to a river.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the pollutant flow down calculation means.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the data matching means.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a calculation procedure of the accuracy of a pollution source.

[Explanation of symbols]

5 river, 10 wastewater standard establishment, 15 water pollution spot, 20 continuous measurement device, 30 CRT, 40
Keyboard, 50 ... Basin management mapping system, 10
0: database, 200: mapping means, 300:
Pollution source candidate extraction means, 400: Pollution flow down calculation means, 50
0: Data matching means.

Claims (8)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A basin management mapping system for managing information on a drainage basin application site in a river basin, comprising:
And a database for storing flow path information of the river, and a drainage source candidate extraction means for extracting and mapping and displaying the position of a wastewater standard application site located in a river basin upstream of a water pollution discovery point. And a pollutant downflow calculating means for simulating a pollutant flow starting from the pollutant source candidate extracted by the pollutant source candidate extracting means, a calculation result simulated by the pollutant downflow calculating means, and a field survey result in the river basin. And a data matching means for determining the accuracy of the pollutant source candidate by the data matching and displaying the accuracy so that the magnitude of the accuracy can be identified. 2. The watershed management mapping system according to claim 1, wherein said pollutant source candidate extracting means is a position searching means for obtaining a river flow path position which is the shortest distance from a wastewater standard application establishment, and said position searching means. A watershed management mapping system, comprising: an upstream determining means for determining which of the river flow path position and the water pollution finding position obtained in the above is located upstream. 3. The river basin management mapping system according to claim 1, wherein said polluted flow down calculating means converts the flow path information of said river stored in said database in a vector format into a raster format, and converts it into raster format data. A basin management mapping system, comprising a raster calculation means for performing a downstream calculation. 4. The watershed management mapping system according to claim 1, wherein said data matching means is a reciprocal of a distance between a calculation result simulated by said polluting downflow calculation means and a data pattern of a field survey result in said river basin. Basin management mapping system, comprising: a probability calculation means for calculating as a probability. 5. The basin management mapping system according to claim 1, wherein the mapping indication of the pollutant source candidate extracting means is such that only the wastewater standard application establishment extracted as a pollutant source candidate is not extracted. A basin management mapping system characterized by highlighting that can be identified from an applicable business site. 6. The watershed management mapping system according to claim 1, wherein display control means capable of selecting and displaying data at an arbitrary point in time from time series data of calculation results of the pollutant downflow calculation means. A basin management mapping system, comprising: 7. The watershed management mapping system according to claim 1, wherein the display of the data matching means is associated with the extracted position on the map of the wastewater standard application establishment for each accuracy level. A basin management mapping system characterized by displaying symbols. 8. The watershed management mapping system according to claim 1, wherein the data from the continuous water quality or oil slick measurement device installed in the river basin exceeds a predetermined threshold value given in advance. A basin management mapping system characterized by invoking system execution.