JPH11241305A - Snow-melting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a snow-melting device high in safety, excellent in energy saving, low in running cost, and having a long service life. SOLUTION: This snow-melting device uses a ceramic heater 1 having barium titanate as a principal component, with a self-temperature control function as a heating source. In the snow-melting device, a heating panel in which soaking plate is integrated with a ceramic heater 1 having a self-temperature control function is installed in the rear surface of a roof member 15 covered on the surface of a roof, so that the roof member is formed on the upper surface of the soaking plate being the rear side of the roof member 15, and a heat- insulating material is formed in the undersurface of the soaking plate. Thus, individual panel heaters are continuously connected by a connecting cable to form series of heaters.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a snow melting apparatus laid in contact with a ceramic heater having a self-temperature control function on a back surface of a roof member or the like, a road, or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Some roofs and roads of houses and the like in a snowfall area are provided with various snow melting devices in order to save the trouble of removing snow and removing snow. As this snow melting apparatus, there has been proposed an apparatus which melts snow by spraying water or an apparatus which melts snow by heating a roof member.

[0003] However, in the case of snow melting by water sprinkling, the apparatus becomes large-scale, which leads to an increase in cost. In addition, when used for a tiled roof or the like, there is a serious drawback that water leakage due to reverse water or the like and unusability due to freezing occurs. There were problems such as occurrence.

[0004] On the other hand, in the case of snow melting by heating, there is no problem of reverse water such as the above-mentioned water sprinkling, and a heating element or the like is generally provided below or above a roof member. The method of applying a heating element to the upper side of the roof member has the advantage that it can be easily attached to the existing roof, but has the problem of impairing durability and aesthetics because it is constantly exposed to the outside, However, there is a problem that it is troublesome to remove during off-season.

On the other hand, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-177174, the method of providing a heating element below a roof member has no problem in the case of a new roof or the like. However, there is an advantage that the heat generation performance can be stably obtained over a long period if the roof member is once removed and reconstructed.

[0006]

However, the following problems have been observed in a conventional example in which a heating element is provided below a roof member. For example, a conventional planar heating element 4 as shown in FIG. 15 is often provided as such a heating element, and the planar heating element 4 is mainly composed of resin, and has both edges of a strip-shaped heating section. While the electrode wires are provided at 5a and 5b, the upper and lower portions of the heat generating portion are covered with an insulating material 6, and the upper surface thereof is further provided as a heat equalizing plate 7 of aluminum or the like. In the construction, for example, as shown in FIG. 16, after a heat insulating material 11 is provided on a plate material such as a roof road sheet 8 or the like, a sheet heating element 4 is laid, and a roof tile 9 located thereon is provided. The roof member is heated.

However, in the case of the planar heating element 4 having the above structure, a heat-resistant resin sheet, for example, a polyester film is used as the insulating material 6 of the heating section, and an aluminum metal layer 7 is provided thereon. At that time, the adhesion between the metal layer and the resin sheet is poor, voids are likely to be generated during use, the metal layer part does not achieve uniform heat, and the heating part itself does not have a self-temperature control function. However, an excessive temperature rise occurs in the above-mentioned void portion, and there is a fear that a fire may be finally reached.

Further, as shown in FIG. 16, when the roof member is a tile 9, the lower surface thereof is not parallel to the roof sheet 8 so that the sheet heating element 11 is interposed via the heat insulating material 11 having a uniform thickness. 4
However, there is also a problem that the metal layer portion 7 of the sheet heating element 4 is not sufficiently adhered to the lower surface of the roof tile 9 and a gap 10 is formed in part of the sheet heating element 4 so that sufficient heat cannot be conducted. Was. As a result, there has been a problem that snow melting unevenness occurs due to temperature unevenness and wasteful energy loss occurs.

On the other hand, a heating element having a self-temperature control function is conventionally basically made of a strip-shaped resin material in which conductive powder, for example, carbon powder or metal powder is dispersed. In such a heating element, as shown in FIG. 2, the Curie point (temperature change point) is not clear in the heating element made of an organic material and having a self-temperature control function. Also,
Since it is installed inside the roof even when it is not used in summer, it is placed in an environment where the internal temperature is extremely high, and there is concern about long-term reliability. Furthermore, since the thermal conductivity of the resin itself is extremely low, the generated heat is difficult to radiate and concentrate, so that an inrush current generated at the time of incoming power becomes extremely large, and it is necessary to set a useless electric capacity. On the other hand, even in the case of resin materials, the materials are brittle under severe cold environments,
Due to factors such as the tiles being not parallel to the road board, they could be damaged by a slight impact during snowfall.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a snow melting apparatus having high safety, high energy saving, low running cost, and long life. .

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The snow melting apparatus according to the present invention uses a ceramic heater mainly composed of barium titanate having a self-temperature control function as a heat source, thereby improving safety, saving energy, and inrushing. It is possible to obtain a snow melting apparatus having a small current.

In the snow melting apparatus of the present invention, a panel heater in which a soaking plate is integrated with a ceramic heater having a self-temperature control function is installed on the back surface of a roof member laid on the surface of the roof. A roof material is formed on the upper surface of the heat equalizing plate on the back side of the member, and a heat insulating material is formed on the lower surface of the heat equalizing plate. Structure.

In this snow melting apparatus, a series of heaters can be formed by connecting the individual panel heaters continuously by a connection cable. Further, inside the individual panel heaters, the corresponding electrodes of the plurality of heating elements having a pair of electrodes are electrically connected in parallel to both poles of the input side connection cable, and are used to supply power to the next panel heater. The output side connection cable and the input side connection cable may be configured to be connected by a bypass line.

[0014]

FIG. 1 is an external view of a panel heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows an embodiment relating to a roof of a snow melting apparatus. This is a case where a flat roof material is used as a member. In this snow-melting roof, a field material 8, a heat insulating material 11, and a cushion material 13 for cushioning the impact of the panel heater 1 laid on a rafter 12 or the like supported by a purlin 16
Are sequentially laminated, the panel heater 1 is laid between the cushion members 13, and the roof member 15 is fixed by set screws 14. By this fixing, the heat generated by the panel heater 1 is evenly spread over the entire roof member 15.

As shown in FIG. 1, a cabtire cable 2 for wiring is provided as a connection cable in a ceramic panel heater 1 having a self-temperature control function, and a connector 3 for connection is connected to the end. ing.

As shown in FIG. 3, a panel in which a ceramic panel heater 1 having a self-temperature control function is used on the back surface of a roof member and a metal heat radiating plate which functions as a heat equalizing plate is integrated. The heater 1 is installed.
A roof member 15 corresponding to the roof member is formed on the upper surface on the back side of the roof member, and is fixed by a stopper 14 to prevent a displacement or the like due to snowfall. The roof material 15 is made of an iron-based steel material or the like, and its surface is subjected to corrosion prevention by galvanizing, painting, or the like. In terms of shape, it is desirable that a partly smooth surface is secured in order to efficiently transmit the heat generated by the panel heater 1. On the other hand, a heat insulating material 11 is formed on the lower surface on the opposite side, so that heat generated by energizing a ceramic heater having a self-temperature control function is not released, and is efficiently used for snow melting.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the panel heater 1 is installed in a space 10 (see FIG. 3) formed between the roof material 15 and the road board 8 when the bent roof material 15 is attached, and the cushion material 13 is provided. It is preferable to use a structure in which the part is used as a scaffold. In such a structure, since the cushion material 13 serves as a scaffold, there is an advantage that a load is not directly applied to the panel heater 1 and the construction is simplified.

The panel heater 1 is, as shown in FIG.
Basically, a heater unit is arranged in the center of the panel,
It has a structure that spreads the heat in the center to both sides. The central heater unit contains several ceramic elements having a self-temperature control function. Since this element has a self-temperature control function, it performs output control for a change in ambient temperature. That is, it has a function of increasing the output when the ambient temperature is low and suppressing the output when the ambient temperature is high.

Table 1 shows the influence of the heater temperature on the Curie point and changes in the outside air temperature. Curie point 50 ~
If the Curie point is less than 50 ° C., the current ratio of 10 ° C./−10° C., that is, the inrush current ratio exceeds 1.5, and the output is small, so that the output is small. On the other hand, when the Curie point exceeds 110 ° C., the ratio of 10 ° C./−10° C. is 1.2 or less, the energy saving effect during snow removal is small, the temperature around the heat insulating material is too high, and there is a problem in safety. .

[0020]

[Table 1]

It is necessary to improve the thermal contact between the roof member 15 and the panel, and it is desirable to apply grease or the like between the two members. As shown in FIG. 5, a method of attaching the panels to the entire roof is to arrange panels in order and connect each panel with a connector 3. By doing so, construction is simplified, construction costs can be reduced, and accidents during construction can be prevented. There is also a method of arranging panels on the entire roof as described above. However, as shown in FIG. 7, the panels should be installed at a position lower than one third from the bottom of the roof in the width direction h of the entire roof. Thus, the electric power for melting snow can be reduced.

As for the connection of the panel 1, a connecting wire is built in the panel, and they are electrically connected in parallel as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the cable end 2a of the panel
In addition, a waterproof portion may be formed by forming a covering portion, fitting a terminal cap at the tip, and filling the inside with a resin such as silicon.

Further, in snow-melting roofs, since the snow on the eaves generally tends to increase with respect to the top of the roof, as shown in FIG. 7, the panel heater 1 is installed at a portion corresponding to one-third of the eaves. It is better to do. According to such a configuration, an optimal snow-melting action corresponding to a snow-covered state can be obtained, and efficient heat utilization without waste can be achieved. As a result, the running cost is further reduced.

In the panel heater of the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a connector 3 comprising a male portion 3a and a female portion 3b is provided at an end of a connection cable 2 for connecting the panel heaters 1 to each other. Although the connector 3 is used, it is necessary to use a waterproof connector for the connection part by the connector 3 in consideration of electric leakage and the like. Since the connection of each connector is performed by a worker at the site, reliable connection is not made, and there is a possibility that a serious accident such as abnormal heat generation or ignition due to poor contact or water infiltration may occur. In addition, there is a problem that it takes time and cost for connecting the connector.

FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of the present invention which solves this problem.
In the external view of the embodiment, the panel heater 1 is continuously connected by a connection cable 2 without a connector. The terminal of the connected heater unit is connected to a power supply and a switchboard, etc.
used. FIG. 11 is a structural view of the panel heater 1 as viewed from the back side, and the connection cable 2 is taken out from both sides of the panel heater as lead wires. In the heater section 21 in the figure, a heater unit 22 having an internal structure as shown in FIG. 12, a lead wire 24 and a bypass wire 23 are embedded.

A sheet heating element 25 as shown in FIG.
In the case where is used, a structure that covers the entire sheet heating element 25 instead of the thin panel as shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a view showing a packaged state of the panel heater according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The panel heater 1 can be compactly stored by folding back the panel heater 1 with the connecting cable 2 as a boundary. is there.

[0028]

As apparent from the above description, the snow melting apparatus according to the present invention has the following excellent effects.

(1) In the snow-melting roof according to the present invention, a heating mat in which a ceramic heater mainly composed of barium titanate having a self-temperature control function is embedded on the back surface of the roof member is laid in contact therewith, And the metal layer of the heating mat which becomes the heat equalizing plate is located on the contact surface,
Since the heat insulator is located on the opposite side, it is easy to control the temperature with a ceramic heater with self-temperature control function, high safety, and good heat transfer to the roof member by the metal layer of the heating mat And an excellent heat retaining effect with little heat dissipation is obtained by the heat retaining material. Further, in the heating mat, the heater, the metal layer, and the heat insulating material are integrated, and the heater, the metal layer, and the heat insulating material can be installed at one time, and good workability can be obtained.

(2) In the snow melting roof according to the present invention, since the spacer member is interposed between the ceramic heater heating mat having the self-temperature control function and the roof plate, the ceramic having the self-temperature control function is provided. Since the heater heating mat made of stainless steel is stably positioned without any gap, and the metal layer of the heating mat is in close contact with the roof member, excellent heat transfer can be obtained.

(3) In the snow melting roof according to the present invention, the amount of heat generated by the heater having the self-temperature control function of the heating mat is increased, for example, by increasing the number of buried heaters so that the eaves front side is larger than the roof top. As a result, a temperature distribution matching the snow condition of the roof is obtained, and effective snow melting is performed.

(4) By continuously connecting the panel heaters with each other with a connection cable instead of a connector, connection between the panel heaters which can be a starting point of a serious accident can be avoided, and the panel heaters can be safely and reliably connected with each other. Was connected. In addition, there is an effect that the labor for connecting the connector and the power supply wiring is eliminated, and the construction cost is reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view of a panel heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing resistance-temperature characteristics of each heating element.

FIG. 3 is a sectional structural view of a construction example according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional structural view of another construction example according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an external view of a panel heater arrangement when constructed on a roof.

FIG. 6 is an electrical connection diagram of a panel heater.

FIG. 7 is a layout diagram of a panel heater in which installation locations are limited according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a connection state of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of a connector for connecting the panel heater of the first embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a connection state of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an external structural view of a panel heater of a second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is an internal wiring structure diagram when a heater unit is used.

FIG. 13 is an internal wiring structure diagram when a planar heating element is used.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a packaged state of the panel heater of the second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a partially cutaway plan view showing an example of a planar heating element used for a conventional snow melting roof.

FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a snow-melting roof using a conventional planar heating element.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Panel heater 2 Connection cable 2a Cable end part 3 Connector 3a Connector (male part) 3b Connector (female part) 4 Planar heating element 5a, 5b Both edge parts of heating part 6 Insulating material 7 Metal layer 8 Road board 9 Tile 10 Gap DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Insulation material 12 Barrel 13 Cushion material 14 Set screw 15 Roof material 16 Ridge 17 Panel heater installation part 18 Space 21 Heater part 22 Heater unit 23 Bypass wire 24 Lead wire 25 Planar heating element

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A snow melting apparatus comprising a ceramic heater mainly composed of barium titanate having a self-temperature control function as a heat source. 2. The snow melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the Curie point of the ceramic heater mainly composed of barium titanate having the self-temperature control function is 50 to 110 ° C. 3. A panel heater in which a soaking plate is integrated with a ceramic heater having a self-temperature control function is installed on a back surface of a roof member laid on a roof surface, and a back surface side of the roof member is provided. The snow melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a roof material is formed on an upper surface of the heat equalizing plate, and a heat insulating material is formed on a lower surface of the heat equalizing plate. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the place where the panel heater is installed is a space between the roof material and the roof member when the bent roof material is attached, and a scaffold is provided. Snow melting equipment. 5. The installation position of the ceramic heater having the self-temperature control function is installed at a position lower than one-third from the bottom of the roof with respect to the entire roof. 5. The snow melting apparatus according to 3 or 4. 6. The snow melting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the individual panel heaters are continuously connected by a connection cable to form a series of heaters. 7. Inside each of the panel heaters,
Corresponding electrodes of a plurality of heating elements having a pair of electrodes are electrically connected in parallel to both poles of the input side connection cable, and an output side connection cable for supplying power to the next panel heater and the input side connection cable 7. The snow melting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the snow melting device is connected to the snow melting device by a bypass line.