JPH11239465A - Food product for healthy persons to increase their moving ability - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a food product that can increase the moving ability of healthy persons such as sport lovers, persons who want to play sport, and persons who aims increasing their endurance. SOLUTION: This food product contains n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and has the performance to increase the maximum oxygen intake and the anaerobic threshold by at least 3%. The n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids means n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and/or their derivatives, preferably eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosa-hexaenoic acid. The n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid is preferably in the form of naturally occurring triglyceride, preferably in the form of fish oil. This food products are liquid or solid and both of them are capsulated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sports enthusiast,
The present invention relates to foods that enhance athletic ability for healthy people such as those who want to play sports and those who aim to improve their endurance. The present invention also relates to a nutritional food with enhanced athletic ability, which enhances aerobic ability and is effective as an auxiliary means for enhancing competitiveness in long-distance running.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art From the viewpoint of preventive medicine, the mortality rate by cause of death by Japanese fish and shellfish intake from 1965 to 19
Results of a survey of approximately 270,000 people over the 17 years of 1982 [Hirayama, Chugai Pharmaceutical 45 (3), 45-50, 1992]
According to the report, daily consumers of seafood have a particularly low overall mortality rate among many foods and are directly linked to longevity.By cause of death, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, liver cirrhosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease and cancer (stomach cancer, liver cancer, uterine cancer, etc.) have been confirmed to be particularly low rates. The leading cause of death in Europe and the United States is heart disease, but in Japan it is cancer. The heart of heart disease in Europe and the United States is ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction, but in Japan it is about one-fifth of that in the United States. Toshima et al. And Iemori et al. Also compared dietary habits around the world and reported that Japanese dietary habits mainly consisting of rice, fish, soybeans, and vegetables prevent heart disease and are long-lived.

[0003] When evaluating seafood from a nutritional standpoint,
Protein (39%) and lipid (10.1)
%), Calcium (12.8%), iron (13%),
Tamin B _Two(14.3%) is an important source
You. Seafood-derived proteins generally have an amino acid balance
Excellent, and rich in taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, in the extract
Included in wealth. Taurine is not incorporated into proteins
It exists in a separated state, but for healthy people,
Approximately 1 g is contained. As a physiological effect of taurine
Has effects on the circulatory system, effects on liver function,
The effects on the transsystem are known. In addition, during exercise
Is also attracting attention. For example, a rope
A study tracking changes in serum free amino acids during jumping
It was confirmed that the fluctuation of taurine was large,
Reported an upward trend and a downward trend at the end.
[Honda, Higashi Medical Journal50(1), 3-10, 199
2]. In addition, when running rats,
As a result of measuring urinary behavior from urinary excretion,
Is a sulfur-containing amino acid during exercise
It is presumed that the use in the body is increasing [Tojo
Other essential amino acid research134, 18-20, 199
2].

[0004] Peptides are those in which amino acids obtained when a protein is hydrolyzed with an enzyme or the like are bound.
Regarding peptides derived from marine proteins, a tripeptide “Lue-Lys-Tyr” derived from Antarctic krill and a sardine peptide have been reported to have a blood pressure lowering effect. It is very safe and expected to be used as a functional material that can be taken for a long time.

It is necessary to take a certain amount of lipids not only as an energy source but also for supplying essential fatty acids and fat-soluble substances necessary for maintaining body functions. Animals, plants, and fish contain different kinds of fatty acids, so it is recommended that they be ingested in a balanced manner. However, the balance ratio is about 4: 5: 1 of the nutritional intake of Japanese. Therefore, this is one guideline. Fatty acids that make up lipids include:
There are saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the desirable intake ratio of these fatty acids is generally set to 1: 1.5: 1. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain essential fatty acids and are necessary for developmental growth and health maintenance. It is said that the required amount is about 3% of the total energy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids include n which is high in plants.
Although -6-type linoleic acid is known, the importance of n-3-type eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are often present in marine products, has attracted attention.
It exhibits physical properties that do not easily solidify even at low temperatures, and is expected to have the effect of keeping the membrane tissues and the like that are often present in the living body flexible. E
PA and DHA are abundant in blue fish (sardines, horse mackerel, tuna, saury, mackerel, etc.).

Attention has been paid to these fish oil components since the effects of fish diet on cardiovascular diseases such as hearts and arteries have been clarified in epidemiological studies on diets and diseases of Exmo people. Since then, the physiologic effects of these fatty acids have been energetically studied, and EPA has been used as a therapeutic agent for chronic arterial occlusion. EP
Known physiological actions of A and DHA include a decrease in neutral lipids and total cholesterol in blood, an increase in HDL cholesterol, a decrease in platelet aggregation ability, a decrease in blood viscosity, and an increase in erythrocyte deformability. The phenomena is that the blood is smooth and hard to clot. In addition, DHA is abundantly present in the cell membrane tissue of the brain, and is expected to affect functions related to nerve tissue such as learning functions, and has been actively studied. On the other hand, Sawaki et al. Of Juntendo University reported that Norwegian athletes who had good results at the Lillehammer Winter Olympics
Focusing on the use of HA and EPA, we studied the effects of ingestion of DHA and EPA on training effects for long-distance athletes on land. As a result, a large difference was observed in their athletic performance, and it was speculated that ingestion of DHA and EPA caused an improvement in the ability to transport oxygen to capillaries. In the future, studies on the effects of these fatty acids on motor function are expected to become more and more active, but the development of concrete practical technology supported by the research results is awaited.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a foodstuff that enhances athletic performance for healthy people such as sports enthusiasts, those who want to play sports, and those who aim to improve their endurance. Another object of the present invention is to provide an athletic ability-enhancing nutritional food which enhances aerobic ability and is effective as a supplementary means for improving athletic ability for long-distance running.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have previously proposed vitamin E, as an auxiliary means for improving endurance.
C and Squalene (a major component of deep sea shark liver oil) have been tried. From the athletic ability test in the laboratory about the effect and the biochemical experiment result,
Vitamin E and C found that they work synergistically to improve athletic performance, and also found that squalene was also effective for aerobic abilities of trained long-distance athletes. Based on these results, the present invention
Recently, attention has been paid to n-3 fatty acids, which are considered to be one of foods that have an effect of increasing oxygen supply in microcirculation and enhancing aerobic exercise performance. N-3 contained in fish oil
There is little scientific evidence on the effectiveness of fatty acids, and little case study in highly competitive long-distance athletes.

[0009] The maximum oxygen intake is the amount of oxygen that the person can take into the body when exercising for about 5 minutes with the maximum effort, and the higher the better, the better. The maximum oxygen uptake of 17 persons including humans other than the subjects was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Maximal oxygen uptake averages 70.7 ± 4.1 ml / kg / min. Eight human limitations
It is said to be 3 to 85 ml / kg / min, and the response to training on level ground or to any treatment is 3-5% due to ingestion in subjects numerically higher than normal. Any change is considered a sufficiently significant improvement.

[0010]

[Table 1]

The present invention comprises n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and has a maximum oxygen uptake and an anaerobic threshold of at least 3%.
The gist is a food that enhances athletic ability by a healthy person, which is characterized by having an improving function. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or / and a derivative thereof, and the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is preferably eicosapentaenoic acid and / or docosahexaenoic acid; Thus, the present invention provides n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, preferably eicosapentaenoic acid and / or
Alternatively, the gist of the present invention is a food containing docosahexaenoic acid, or / and a derivative thereof, and having a function of improving the maximum oxygen intake and the anaerobic threshold value by at least 3%, which enhances the exercise ability of a healthy person. The preferred form of the above n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is the form of natural triglycerides, preferably fish oil. The food of the present invention may be in the form of a liquid or a solid, in each case in a capsule.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, as the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or / and a derivative thereof is used. More specifically, for example, refined fish oil, refined fish oil having an increased concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid and / or docosahexaenoic acid, and n
Use of an oil / fat composition containing an n-3 type highly unsaturated fatty acid as a main component, such as an oil / fat composition having enhanced absorbency such that the remainder of the -3 type highly unsaturated fatty acid is 60% or more of the medium chain fatty acid. Can be. The purified fish oil is sardine oil, tuna oil,
Saury oil, herring oil, mackerel oil, cod liver oil, squid oil, menhaden oil, etc. are processed by a purification method such as deacidification, decolorization, deodorization, degumming, and dewaxing. Examples include refined fish oil having a total content of EPA and DHA of 20% by weight or more, and odorless and odorless fish oil having a high EPA and DHA content of 0.1% or less.

[0013] Fish oil is refined to remove it from crude crude oil containing free fatty acids, odor components, coloring components, etc. collected from the raw material. The refining methods include alkali refining, steam blowing, There are adsorption methods and the like, which are performed in any combination. The alkali purification method is also called a deoxidation method,
In this method, sodium hydroxide is added to the crude oil to convert the free fatty acids in the fish oil into foots (soaps), and impurities are adsorbed or dissolved in the foots to remove the impurities, thereby purifying the crude oil. The steam blowing method is a method in which a refined oil is heated to about 150 ° C. under reduced pressure, and steam is blown into this to remove odor components. The adsorption method is a method of adsorbing and removing coloring components and odor components in crude oil using an adsorbent such as activated carbon and acid clay.

By making full use of these known purification methods, fish oil is refined to tasteless and odorless, and cholesterol is substantially removed from fish oil. In the embodiment of the present invention, fish oil is prepared and used as a tasteless and odorless fish oil having a cholesterol of 0.1% or less and a high content of EPA and DHA. EP contained in tasteless and odorless fish oil used in embodiments of the present invention
Fatty acids such as A and DHA exist in the form of triglycerides. The content of EPA and DHA is, for example, EPA1
8%, DHA 8-12%, EPA 28%, DHA
It can be arbitrarily changed depending on the intended use, such as 12%, EPA 5 to 8%, and DHA 22%. All of them have a cholesterol content of 0.1
% Or less.

The food of the present invention that enhances the athletic ability of healthy people is eaten by a healthy person such as a sports enthusiast, a person who wants to play sports, or a person who aims to improve endurance as daily nutritional supplement as a food that enhances athletic ability. . Maintaining healthy daily nutrition increases the aerobic and exercise capacity of healthy individuals.

[0016] In the food of the present invention for improving the exercise ability of healthy people, vitamins, carbohydrate pigments and the like, which are usually added to foods, are added as optional components in addition to the essential components of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Flavors and the like can be appropriately blended. Further, an emulsifier can be added as needed. Examples of the emulsifier include glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, soybean phospholipid, and propylene glycol fatty acid ester, and these may be used alone or in combination. The food can be eaten in any form, liquid or solid. It can be eaten as a soft capsule encapsulated by encapsulation with gelatin or the like. Capsules are dissolved, for example, by adding water to raw gelatin and adding a plasticizer (glycerin, D-
It is made of a gelatin film prepared by adding sorbitol and the like.

[0017]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited by these examples.

Example 1 In this example, a test subject was taken n-3 fatty acids experimentally for a certain period of time, and actual competition performance (10,000) was taken.
m) was investigated with the cooperation of Juntendo University Physical Fitness Laboratory. As a method of the experiment, a comparative study was conducted based on a two-year 10,000 m record of athletes of the Juntendo University Athletics Club. The training conducted in both the first year and the next year was conducted in almost the same environment in terms of quantity and quality in the annual training plan.
The 10,000m record considered was taken from data measured at about the same time in both years. In the first year of 1994, n-3 fatty acids were not taken, and in the next year, 1995
During the month (July to the end of October), subjects were given 6 tablets of n-3 fatty acids daily, 3 tablets in the morning and 3 evenings, and the effect of n-3 fatty acids on the pre- and post-recording was examined. .

One of the two-year athletes of Juntendo University Athletics Club
Tables 2 and 3 show the changes in the recording at 000 m. n-
In the record change of 10,000m in 1995 when three fatty acids were taken, the whole team took on average after taking-
This was a reduction of 51.0 seconds (Table 2, FIG. 1). Also, comparing the changes in the average records over the past two years, it is clear that the -5.
In 1995, compared with the reduction of 4 seconds (+ 0.3%), the time was further reduced by 45.6 seconds, showing a significant change result of −51.0 seconds (+ 2.8%) (Table 4). 1 before and after taking the same group for 2 years (1994 is the same period as 1995)
Even at the change in the record of 000 m, in 1995, taking n-3 fatty acids averaged -1 compared to 1994.
A reduction of 4 seconds was shown (Table 5, FIG. 2). Such 10,
In considering the background of the shortening of the 000 m record, assuming that almost the same training was conducted for two years, n-3 supplementary intake was added to the subject's endurance ability in addition to the training effect. The effectiveness of fatty acids was suggested. As the effectiveness of n-3 fatty acids, it has been reported that the blood flow of intramuscular capillaries is increased, and the peripheral oxygen supply due to the increase in fibrinolytic ability and erythrocyte deformability is reported. Any of these is considered to be an effect expected to improve various functions related to aerobic exercise ability, and it is presumed that a similar effect appears in the subject of this example. As a result, the year of taking n-3 fatty acid and the year of not taking it,
It appeared that there was a significant difference in shortening the 000 m record. Generally, it is said that the effect of training appears more remarkably in the early stage after the start of professional training, and the effect decreases as time passes. Competition level (record)
Similarly, the lower the period, the higher the recording improvement rate.
From this point, it is considered that the improvement in the record seen in this experiment targeting high-level active athletes is a unique change. From the above, it was suggested that taking the n-3 fatty acid for a certain period of time is effective as an auxiliary means for enhancing the aerobic capacity and improving the competitiveness of long-distance running.

[0020]

[Table 2]

[0021]

[Table 3]

[0022]

[Table 4]

[0023]

[Table 5]

Example 2 << Effect on Changes in Blood Rheology During Exercise >> Dosage / use formulation 1) 1.6 g / day of EPA is ingested. 2) Take refined fish oil capsules containing 28% EPA and 12% DHA, 300 mg x 18 tablets / day, 9 tablets immediately after meal in the morning and evening. 2. 2. Number of test subjects 1) 6 groups per group x 2 groups [EPA administration group (Fish), EPA non-administration group (non-fish)] Test Method 1) The EPA administration group ingests 18 refined fish oil capsules / day from 10 weeks before entering high altitude training to the end of high altitude training according to the schedule shown in Table 6. 2) In each group, at the start of administration, at the start of high altitude training,
At the end of the high altitude training, the following items shall be measured.

[0025]

[Table 6]

4. Measurement items 1) Biochemical items Measurement items (a) Fatty acid composition (plasma, erythrocyte membrane phospholipid) (b) Erythrocyte deformability (c) Yield value (d) Amino acid composition 2) Physiological item (exercise ability) (1) ) Measurement items (a) Maximum oxygen uptake (b) MSS (Maximum Steady Sta
te) Measurement: Change and improvement of endurance in the EPA administration / non-administration group were examined. Blood at rest is collected before and after each workout and analyzed for the items described above. After running at two different speeds before and after each training, the blood lactate concentration is measured to determine a running speed equivalent to 4 mmol / l (MSS). Using this MSS as an index, we will consider improving endurance.

<< Results >> As shown in FIGS. 3 to 8 and Tables 7 to 8, no change was observed in the hematocrit value of the fish oil intake group and the non-intake group, but the erythrocyte deformability of the fish oil intake group was low. A significant increase was observed, and the increase in whole blood viscosity observed in the fish oil non-administration group was not observed in the fish oil intake group.

[0028]

[Table 7]

[0029]

[Table 8]

[0030]

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a food that enhances athletic ability for healthy people (sports enthusiasts, those who want to play sports, those who aim to improve endurance, etc.). It is possible to provide an athletic ability-enhancing nutritional food which is effective as an auxiliary means for enhancing aerobic ability for athletes and improving athletic ability for long-distance running.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1. 10,000 m before and after taking n-3 fatty acids for the entire team for 2 years (1994 is the same period as 1995).
3 is a diagram showing a change in the record of the present invention.

FIG. 2: 10,000 before and after taking n-3 fatty acids in the same group for 2 years (1994 is the same period as 1995)
6 is a diagram showing a change in average recording of m.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in erythrocyte deformability in healthy subjects after administration of EPA-containing purified fish oil for 10 weeks.

FIG. 4 is a drawing showing changes in the yield value [(rotational height) shear rate 375 sec ⁻¹ ] of healthy fish after administration of EPA-containing purified fish oil for 10 weeks.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the yield value [(low rotation) shear rate 37.5 sec ⁻¹ ] of healthy fish after administration of EPA-containing purified fish oil for 10 weeks.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the hematocrit value of healthy fish after administration of EPA-containing purified fish oil for 10 weeks.

FIG. 7 is a drawing showing changes in the erythrocyte fatty acid composition of the fish oil intake group.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing a change in erythrocyte fatty acid composition of a control group.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A food product which contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and has a function of improving maximal oxygen uptake and an anaerobic threshold value by at least 3%. 2. The food according to claim 1, wherein the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or a derivative thereof. 3. The food according to claim 1, wherein the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is eicosapentaenoic acid and / or docosahexaenoic acid. 4. The food according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is in the form of a natural triglyceride. 5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is fish oil. 6. A liquid or a solid liquid.
Foods that increase the athletic ability of any healthy person. 7. The food according to claim 6, which is contained in a capsule and enhances athletic ability.